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Actor - Erika Slezak

Country - USA

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reviews=Victor (William Levy) has a deep secret - he is a cold-blooded assassin. Smooth talking and seductive, Victor was raised to do one thing only, which is to kill for money. When he is sent to the home of a brutal drug lord to collect payment for his most recent hit, he encounters the beautiful Sarai (Alicia Sanz), who has been forced to spend the last 9 years of her life with the drug lord. After Victor leaves the compound, Sarai seizes her chance at freedom by hiding out in Victor's car. But things don't go as planned and instead of being transported back to her home, she finds herself free from one dangerous man only to be caught in the clutches of another. While on the run from the vengeful drug lord and his brutal henchmen, Victor's conscience catches up with him as he risks all that he stood for to protect his captive. In the end, the power Sarai unknowingly holds over Victor and their undeniable attraction may be what places her right in the arms of a killer

2019

Thriller

Country=Dominican Republic

average Ratings=7,4 / 10

 

Si claro que deberían darle otra oportunidad sin duda es un Gran actor y se merece seguir asiendo una de esas novelas tan buenas como las que ya a echo. Amei os dois mas a vida passa segui. We got to interview William Levy and Alicia Sanz about their new Latin action thriller movie En Brazos De Un Asesino. The movie also stars Roberto Sosa, Adrian Lastra, Dalisa Alegria, Ettore D’ Alessandro, Jean Jean, Alessia Seravalle and is directed by Matias Moltrasio. En Brazos de un Asesino means, “in the arms of an assassin, ” and the movie is adapted from J. A Redmerski’s thiller, “Killing Sarai”. William talks about the journey from actor to co-writer of this film and how he wanted to take control of his career. Also, now, as a producer, he can create opportunities for other people. He recalls how watching The Godfather in Cuba and seeing Andy Garcia who is Cuban inspired him to become an actor. The Latino market in America provides the number one audience going to the movies yet they only represent 3 percent of the roles. He wants to do something to change this! William comments on the clever choreography in the riveting fight scene between his character, Victor and his brother, Niklas, played by Adrian Lastra while Alicia reveals what action movie had the most impact on her growing up. Also, Alicia explains what drew her to the project and how reading the books by J. A Redmerski helped her prepare for her role. Can we expect a sequel to this open-ended story? She hopes so! William Levy Interview Alicia Sanz Interview Synopsis: Victor (William Levy) has a deep secret – he is a cold-blooded assassin. Smooth-talking and seductive, Victor was raised to do one thing only, which is to kill for money. When he is sent to the home of a brutal drug lord to collect payment for his most recent hit, he encounters the beautiful Sarai (Alicia Sanz), who has been forced to spend the last 9 years of her life with the drug lord. After Victor leaves the compound, Sarai seizes her chance at freedom by hiding out in Victor’s car. But things don’t go as planned and instead of being transported back to her home, she finds herself free from one dangerous man only to be caught in the clutches of another. While on the run from the vengeful drug lord and his brutal henchmen, Victor’s conscience catches up with him as he risks all that he stood for to protect his captive. In the end, the power Sarai unknowingly holds over Victor and their undeniable attraction may be what places her right in the arms of a killer.

En brazos de un asesino rotten. Espartaco No. 39 Septiembre de 2013 El dictador de los escuadrones de la muerte de Reagan en Guatemala Ríos Montt, asesino de masas El siguiente artículo ha sido traducido de Workers Vanguard No. 1026 (14 de junio de 2013). Efraín Ríos Montt llegó al poder como el hombre fuerte de Guatemala en un golpe militar en marzo de 1982, tras derrocar a otro dictador sangriento, y a su vez fue derrocado en un golpe semejante en agosto de 1983. Durante ese periodo breve, condujo algunos de los crímenes más horripilantes contra los trabajadores y los campesinos, especialmente contra los indígenas mayas-ixiles, llevados a cabo durante una guerra civil que duró 36 años y que enfrentó a dictadores apoyados por con una insurrección guerrillera de izquierda. Según cifras oficiales, hubo más de 200 mil muertos y 45 mil más “desaparecidos” durante la guerra civil, de una población de unos 8 a 10 millones. Como mencionamos el mes pasado, un tribunal guatemalteco declaró culpable de genocidio y otros crímenes contra la humanidad a Ríos Montt (véase “U. S. Machinery of Torture” [La maquinaria estadounidense de tortura] WV No. 1024, 17 de mayo). Posteriormente, sin embargo, un tribunal constitucional de mayor instancia anuló la sentencia por un tecnicismo, y puede que un nuevo juicio no comience hasta abril de 2014, si es que hay un nuevo juicio. La matanza en Guatemala fue plenamente apoyada por los gobernantes de Estados Unidos mientras lanzaban la Segunda Guerra Fría a finales de los años setenta y a principios de los ochenta contra la Unión Soviética. Washington también apoyó el régimen de escuadrones de la muerte en El Salvador mientras éste combatía una insurgencia izquierdista, y armó y entrenó a los reaccionarios contras que luchaban para derrocar al gobierno sandinista en Nicaragua. Independientemente del resultado final del juicio de Ríos Montt, la letanía de horrores relatada por los sobrevivientes de la matanza que él supervisó obliga al veredicto de la historia. El New York Times (27 de marzo) informó: “Uno de los testigos era un hombre que habló de cómo el ejército guatemalteco bajo el Sr. Ríos Montt mató a su esposa y a sus dos hijos, dándole un machetazo en el rostro a su hijo de cinco años y rompiendo la cabeza de su bebé. Otro describió cómo su hermana embarazada fue atada a una estaca y quemada viva, junto con su hijo y otros seis niños. Uno de los testigos, Nicolás Brito, dijo que había visto a unos soldados quitarles el corazón a las víctimas y apilarlos en una mesa”. Varias mujeres declararon sobre las violaciones masivas que sufrieron. Una afirmó que había sido violada —tenía doce años en ese entonces— después de ser obligada a observar como violaban a su madre, quien murió. Muchos testigos hablaron en idioma ixil, ya que no hablan español. El New Yorker (“The Maya Genocide Trial” [El juicio por el genocidio maya], 3 de mayo) informó: “Hubo recuentos desgarradores de ataques militares en pueblos ixiles con nombres como Xesayi, Chel y Tu B’aj Sujsiban; del asesinato de las personas ancianas cuando eran demasiado viejas para huir; de los bebés recién nacidos arrojados a las llamas de las casas que se estaban quemando; de los niños nonatos sacados a cuchilladas de los úteros de las mujeres embarazadas; de la gente cautiva recluida en agujeros en el suelo, violada en las iglesias... Un ex soldado declaró que hasta donde él sabía, sus órdenes eran simples: indio visto, indio muerto”. Afuera del tribunal, los partidarios de Ríos Montt y sus secuaces protestaron con música militar y letreros que decían: “El comunismo afianza la destrucción de la unidad nacional”. Los jueces y los fiscales involucrados en el caso recibieron amenazas de muerte. Una fuerte oposición a la sentencia condenatoria provino particularmente de la poderosa federación empresarial guatemalteca conocida como Cacif. Durante las diligencias, un testigo de la fiscalía —un mecánico en el ejército durante el régimen de Ríos Montt— implicó al presidente guatemalteco actual Otto Pérez Molina como participante en masacres cuando era el comandante en la región ixil. El periodista de investigación Allan Nairn, quien está bien versado en los asuntos guatemaltecos, se reunió con Pérez Molina en 1982, cuando sus tropas describieron cómo se había ejecutado y torturado a los aldeanos. En una entrevista realizada en ese tiempo, que se ha publicado en YouTube, Pérez Molina le dice a Nairn: “La verdad es que hay un dicho muy real: que la población civil es para la guerrilla lo que el agua para el pez. En este caso, la guerrilla no podría sobrevivir si no tiene el apoyo y la colaboración de la población”. Al exterminar a pueblos enteros con el fin de combatir a los insurgentes izquierdistas, Pérez Molina y compañía llevaron a cabo en su territorio el tipo de atrocidades que las fuerzas estadounidenses cometieron en una escala mucho más amplia al buscar aplastar las revoluciones sociales en Corea y Vietnam en las décadas de 1950 y 1960. Durante el juicio de Ríos Montt, el embajador estadounidense en Guatemala y el funcionario de más alto rango en derechos humanos del Departamento de Estado estaban sentados entre el público. Dos semanas después de que la condena fue anulada, el secretario de estado estadounidense John Kerry se reunió con Pérez Molina en Antigua, Guatemala, sede de una Asamblea General de la Organización de Estados Americanos. Kerry dijo: “Permítame comenzar felicitándolo, Sr. presidente, por los enormes avances que ha hecho con respecto a su sistema de justicia, el fortalecimiento de su sistema de justicia, la independencia de ese sistema” (Departamento de Estado de, 4 de junio). La mano sangrienta del imperialismo estadounidense Que Estados Unidos colocara en el poder y/o apoyara a caudillos militares para mantener “libres” a los países de América Latina y el Caribe para la United Fruit y otros intereses semejantes ha sido ampliamente documentado. También es bien conocida la ofensiva de Washington para “hacer retroceder el comunismo”, desde la invasión de Cuba en Playa Girón (Bahía de Cochinos) organizada por la CIA en 1961, hasta los esfuerzos para aplastar a los insurgentes izquierdistas en Centroamérica en la década de los ochenta. Sin embargo, que uno de los déspotas apoyados por fuera juzgado por crímenes contra la humanidad en su propio país rompe con todo precedente. Esos crímenes tomaron una forma particularmente racista y sangrienta en Guatemala, especialmente durante el régimen de Ríos Montt. Aryeh Neier, un fundador y ex director ejecutivo de Human Rights Watch, escribió que Guatemala es “el único país de América Latina, para el cual sería apropiado utilizar la palabra ‘genocidio’ para describir los crímenes cometidos desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial” (New York Review of Books, 20 de junio). Ahora, el autor de esos crímenes sigue siendo un hombre libre. El gobierno de Estados Unidos, su ejército y su policía secreta brillaron por su ausencia en el banquillo de los acusados durante el juicio por genocidio. Como escribimos en “Guatemala: CIA’s Mass Murder Inc. ” (Guatemala: Asesinato de masas de la CIA, S. A., WV No. 621, 21 de abril de 1995): “La verdad es que durante 40 años, Washington hizo mucho más que simplemente ‘ayudar’ a la brutal pandilla militar de Guatemala a afianzar el dominio de los latifundistas locales, los capitalistas y sus amos de Wall Street. Arreglándoselas solos, estos carniceros habrían sido bastante bárbaros... Pero fue el gobierno de los Estados Unidos que, en forma intencional y deliberada, planeó, financió, suministró, entrenó y dirigió la transformación de una pandilla de matones bestial pero ineficiente en una máquina moderna y científicamente organizada de exterminio, tortura y terrorismo sistemáticos. El imperialismo infligió horrores casi sin igual en la historia a los trabajadores desesperadamente pobres y explotados y a los indígenas mayas que constituyen la mayoría de la población de este pequeño país”. El reinado de asesinatos de masas de Ríos Montt coincidió con los primeros años del gobierno de Ronald Reagan, que supervisó el impulso dado a la Segunda Guerra Fría contra la Unión Soviética. Las bases para esa campaña fueron preparadas por el presidente demócrata e hipócrita profesional Jimmy Carter, quien lanzó la carta de los “derechos humanos” en un esfuerzo por renovar las credenciales del imperialismo estadounidense después de su impactante derrota en Vietnam. Carter montó la simulación de eliminar el apoyo económico a los oficiales guatemaltecos en protesta por sus abusos. Pero fue una maniobra cínica. Cada vez más aliados cercanos de Estados Unidos, como Sudáfrica bajo el régimen del apartheid, Taiwán y Corea del Sur, comenzaron a dar su apoyo. El más importante fue Israel, que proporcionó subvenciones económicas, armas y entrenamiento para los asesinos reaccionarios de Washington. Reagan aceptó con los brazos abiertos a Ríos Montt, un fundamentalista protestante que recibió entrenamiento en medidas de contrainsurgencia en el Fuerte Bragg y también se desempeñó como jefe de departamento en el Colegio Interamericano de Defensa de Washington, D. C. La aptitud principal de Ríos Montt era soportar el trabajo sucio. Cuando lanzó su ofensiva de “tierra quemada” contra los pobladores mayas de las tierras altas, entre los cuales las guerrillas izquierdistas habían ganado apoyo, el problema principal para Washington era cómo acelerar, reforzar y legitimar aún más el apoyo de Estados Unidos a ese esfuerzo. En un memorándum al presidente Reagan poco antes de que éste se encontrara con Ríos Montt por primera vez, el secretario de estado George Shultz escribió que el golpe de estado que lo puso en el cargo “nos presenta una oportunidad para romper el largo congelamiento de nuestras relaciones con Guatemala y para ayudar a evitar una toma del poder extremista”. Reagan pregonó que Ríos Montt era un hombre “totalmente dedicado a la democracia” con “gran integridad personal y entrega” (“Guatemala’s Genocide on Trial” [El genocidio de Guatemala bajo juicio], The Nation, 22 de mayo). Elliott Abrams, el funcionario más alto en derechos humanos en el Departamento de Estado de Reagan, no sólo propagó la versión del gobierno de que Ríos Montt era un reformador sino que también ayudó a vender el plan de Washington para levantar el (muy abrogado) embargo del apoyo económico a las fuerzas militares. En un artículo en la revista The Nation (17 de abril de 1995), Allan Nairn nombró a media docena de oficiales guatemaltecos de alto rango pagados por la CIA, incluyendo al menos tres jefes de la unidad de inteligencia militar del país, un antiguo jefe de personal del ejército y el general Héctor Gramajo, un ex ministro de defensa. Nairn citó al ex jefe de la Agencia de Inteligencia de la Defensa estadounidense en Guatemala, el coronel George Hooker: “Sería una situación incómoda si alguna vez hubiera una lista de toda la gente en el ejército guatemalteco que ha recibido un sueldo de la CIA”. Esa lista tendría que remontarse a la Guerra Fría de los años cincuenta contra la Unión Soviética, el estado obrero que nació de la Revolución de Octubre de 1917 dirigida por los bolcheviques. A pesar de su degeneración burocrática estalinista posterior, la Unión Soviética sirvió como impedimento a la capacidad de Washington para ejercer el poder como quisiera en todo el mundo. Hasta la destrucción contrarrevolucionaria de la URSS en 1991-92, los imperialistas de Estados Unidos estaban resueltos a destruir al estado obrero soviético y a todos los que, según ellos, promovieran sus intereses. En 1954, Estados Unidos ingenió el derrocamiento del presidente guatemalteco Jacobo Arbenz, un populista burgués que había intentado instituir algunas reformas como la nacionalización de algunas de las tierras de la United Fruit. Arbenz ordenó que los terrenos baldíos, que incluían el 85 por ciento de las tierras de la empresa, se compraran en su valor declarado y se distribuyeran a los campesinos sin tierra. Esto no le cayó nada bien a Washington; el secretario de estado John Foster Dulles y su hermano, el jefe de la CIA Allen Dulles, estaban conectados al bufete de abogados de la United Fruit, y el embajador de Estados Unidos ante las Naciones Unidas, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., era un accionista importante. Más directamente, la base de la histeria anticomunista por las módicas reformas agrarias de Arbenz fue la Guerra Fría. La participación sin importancia del minúsculo Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT) estalinista en su gobierno fue aprovechada para lanzar una campaña de histeria anticomunista y el apoyo directo para los asesinos reaccionarios. Un ejemplo de cobertura noticiosa de ese momento era un artículo del New York Times (8 de noviembre de 1953) sobre la llegada a Guatemala de John E. Peurifoy como el nuevo embajador de Estados Unidos. Decía en parte: “Por lo general, en Guatemala se espera que su llegada signifique un cambio en la declarada pasividad con la que Estados Unidos ha visto el crecimiento de la influencia de los comunistas hasta el punto donde, al menos para alguien de afuera, parecen ser los amos del país para todo efecto”. Mientras la CIA trabajaba para derrocar a Arbenz desde adentro, se organizó en Honduras un ejército improvisado de unos cuantos cientos al mando del exiliado Carlos Castillo Armas, quien había recibido entrenamiento en el Fuerte Leavenworth. La clave del éxito de la invasión fue el bombardeo y ametrallamiento de la Ciudad de Guatemala por aviones de Estados Unidos piloteados por estadounidenses. Howard Hunt, un mandamás de la CIA (infame después por lo del Watergate), describió la misión en la serie documental de CNN Guerra Fría: “Lo que queríamos hacer era tener una campaña de terror, para aterrorizar a Arbenz en particular, para aterrorizar a sus tropas”. Abandonado por su ejército, Arbenz renunció, cediendo el poder al coronel Carlos Enrique Díaz. El embajador Peurifoy le presentó a Díaz una lista de presuntos comunistas para que los matara. Díaz, sin embargo, tenía la intención de liberar a todos los presos políticos, incluso a los miembros del PGT. Así que Peurifoy ordenó que el bombardeo continuara, Díaz fue removido de su cargo a punta de pistola y un avión de la embajada de Estados Unidos llegó con el nuevo líder de Guatemala, Castillo Armas. Luego siguieron las debidas oleadas de represión sangrienta. Miembros del PGT y líderes campesinos y obreros fueron detenidos, encarcelados o ejecutados, mientras que la tierra fue devuelta a la United Fruit y a los oligarcas nacionales. Tres años después, Castillo Armas fue asesinado a balazos, uno de una serie de “cambios de régimen” que luego se hicieron habituales en Guatemala. Los lugartenientes del imperialismo estadounidense en el movimiento obrero participaron activamente en las intrigas anticomunistas en Guatemala. Los agentes de la American Federation of Labor [Federación Obrera Estadounidense] socavaron la influencia del PGT en los sindicatos y reclutaron a sindicalistas derechistas para la fuerza invasora. De hecho, Guatemala fue un campo de entrenamiento para el papel que la burocracia de la AFL-CIO desempeñaría en Centro y Sudamérica a través de su notorio American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD, Instituto Americano para el Desarrollo del Sindicalismo Libre), que trabajó con la CIA para destruir a los sindicatos combativos dirigidos por la izquierda. La “AFL-CIA” puede atribuirse el mérito de que, a partir de julio de 2009, la Confederación Sindical Internacional determinó que Guatemala era el segundo país más peligroso de América Latina para los sindicalistas. El imperialismo y la lucha de clases Ríos Montt es un asesino sicópata de masas. Para que se haga justicia, se requeriría un juicio llevado a cabo por los trabajadores y campesinos que sobrevivieron a su gobierno. Es sencillamente repugnante observar la fingida sorpresa de los gobernantes estadounidenses —quienes siguen creando y apoyando a líderes como el presidente Pérez Molina— ante las atrocidades de sus títeres. No importa cuál de los partidos capitalistas se encuentre en el poder en algún momento dado en Washington, la represión espeluznante es una característica fundamental del imperialismo estadounidense. Los tentáculos del pulpo (mote que se le ponía a la United Fruit por todo Centroamérica) pueden ser amputados, como ocurrió con la Revolución Cubana, pero el imperialismo yanqui continuará estrangulando el hemisferio hasta que reciba un golpe en el corazón. El juicio por genocidio proporcionó una perspectiva descarnada de la barbarie que los imperialistas y sus secuaces locales infligen a los trabajadores en los países semicoloniales. Pero no será suficiente desenmascarar este sistema de opresión para eliminarlo. La clase obrera de Estados Unidos tendrá que aplastar el sistema capitalista-imperialista estadounidense desde adentro y acudir en ayuda de sus hermanos de clase en México y más al sur en su lucha para librarse de sus propias ataduras. El movimiento obrero al norte del Río Grande/Río Bravo se enriquece con los trabajadores inmigrantes de El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala y otros países que aportan al proletariado estadounidense su experiencia directa de la represión asesina y la explotación brutal impuestas por gente de la calaña de Ríos Montt en beneficio de los gobernantes capitalistas de Estados Unidos. Sólo cuando la clase obrera, dirigida por su partido de vanguardia internacionalista, tome el poder mediante una revolución socialista, expropiando a los expropiadores y extirpando de raíz su maquinaria estatal, se les impondrá justicia a tales sicarios y a sus amos imperialistas. En la Spartacist League, sección estadounidense de la Liga Comunista Internacional, estamos dedicados a la tarea de forjar tal partido en las entrañas de la bestia imperialista.

En brazos de un asesino online free

En brazos de un asesino online. Excelente actor y bello. Tan hermoso que era. Y qué feote se puso. Se quedó envíame viviendo por el bien de su familia que es lo primordial para el. En brazos de un asesino full movie free. A la gutierrez le encanta ser cornuda el tipo la engaño con todas jaja. Tou acostumada com avós. De Alessandro essa voz não combinou com William levim. En brazos de un asesino music. Meus Deus q homem é esse... You simply must see this great Mexican gangster story with an attractive, compelling cast that kept me in my seat throughout this action movie on Friday Dec 6. Leading Lady Alicia "The Body" Sanz is so wonderfully at home in the altogether (both in the shower and while being strip-searched for a tracking device) that her scenes could exist separately and still be a box office hit. 8 out of 10 for the movie. 10 out of 10 for Miss Sanz. Highly Recommended.

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En brazos de un asesino full movie. Quando estreia no Brasil. 2019-03-01 98 min Watch Trailer Overview: Genres: Drama, Mystery Add to favorites Watch list Download 480p (7, 993 Kb/s) Download 720p (6, 647 Kb/s) Download 1080p (4, 184 Kb/s) Upload subtitle 720p 1080p Home / Greta You May Also Like The Addams Family (2019) Little Joe En Brazos de un Asesino 63 Up Portrait of a Lady on Fire Playmobil: The Movie The Aeronauts Last Christmas Midway Playing with Fire 21 Bridges A Beautiful Day in the Neighbourhood Queen & Slim Le Mans 66 Knives Out Frozen 2. Que bella Elizabeth 😃. Nossa! Ansiosa para assistir! William lindo. En brazos de un asesino cast.

William Levy = Sexy. Pero, qué mucha gente comentando sin haber visto la película! La acabo de ver, y es excelente! Les sugiero que la vean antes de comentar algo negativo. Pena não vê-los juntos. En brazos de un asesino book. Encantamento😊😊😊 kkkkk.A atriz tá muitoooo alegre com ele! E como não ficar encantada por esse ser de luz? 😍😍😍Ele é muitoooo sedutor e enteligente. Vou assistir com certeza, 😍😍😍😍🤩. Gonzalo se casa enamorado pero Ignacia esconde misterios de un pasado. Gonzalo y Pilar encuentran muerto a Pedro el jardinero. Ignacia se desespera al ver a la policía en la casa pues piensa que le van a echar la culpa de esta muerte. Gonzalo sigue una pista, comienza a darse cuenta de la relación de fechas y la muerte de Adolfo. Él cree que no se suicidó y así se lo comunica a Pilar. Leonardo le confirma a Pilar y a Gonzalo que a Adolfo lo arrojaron por la ventana. Ignacia revela un embarazo que cambia la vida de Gonzalo. Ignacia recibe una llamada diciendo que es Adolfo y que la ama mucho. Gonzalo hace la pregunta clave, trata de que Ignacia conteste. En la tumba de Adolfo, Gonzalo encuentra una bufanda, luego sabe que es de Ignacia. Javier le reclama a Gonzalo por el trato que tiene con Pilar. A la hora del brindis por el embarazo de Ignacia, la casa queda a oscuras y Leonardo es atacado. Un nuevo sospechoso empieza a rondar la Casa Conde. Emilio le muestra a Gonzalo el video donde aparece un hombre entrando a la casa y convence a Gonzalo para destapar la tumba de Adolfo. Eva es víctima de un envenenamiento misterioso y desconocido. Gonzalo le dice a Ignacia que alguien quiere matar a Eva. Pilar le propone a Gonzalo que saque los videos de la fecha de la muerte de Adolfo para saber quién lo mató. Nibaldo le confiesa a Gonzalo que es Ignacia quién lo mandó a seguirlo. Ignacia descubre la infidelidad de Gonzalo con su vecina y escucha cuando él le confiesa que no puede tener hijos. El video está borrado justo cuando debía verse quién mató a Adolfo, pero se descubre que Carola era su amante. Ignacia le confirma a Javier que el hijo que espera es suyo. Eva encuentra enterrado en el jardín la carta que Adolfo le dejó a Ignacia antes de morir culpándola de su muerte. Javier manda a secuestrar a Ignacia. La Familia Conde no encuentra rastros de Ignacia, el secuestrador juega con la mente de su víctima. Javier secuestró a Ignacia para ver sufrir a Gonzalo, quien se muestra más y más interesado en Pilar, pero ella lo echa pues no quiere más problemas. Javier manipula el secuestro de Ignacia y pone en jaque a los Conde, la policía encuentra un cuerpo que podría ser el de Ignacia. Carola entra cuando Gonzalo se está bañando. Gonzalo enfrenta al secuestrador y salva la vida de su esposa. Los planes de Javier son vengarse de todos. Pilar encuentra a Rebeca y a Javier besándose. Efraín aparece muerto y encuentran las tijeras de podar y los guantes de Eva junto al cadáver. Las dudas de Gonzalo sobre el embarazo no lo dejan en paz. Javier teme porque ella lo delate. Gonzalo enfrenta a Ignacia y le pregunta de quién es el hijo que está esperando, desesperada ella sale de la casa y tiene un accidente. La policía detiene a Eva por ser la principal sospechosa por la muerte de Efraín. Javier le hace saber a Pilar que nunca le puede ocultar nada, porque él siempre está atento a todo. Rebeca le cuenta a Gonzalo toda la verdad. Rebeca le confiesa a Gonzalo que Ignacia lo traiciona con Javier, indignado Gonzalo enfrenta a Javier. Rebeca se da cuenta de que Gonzalo realmente ama a Pilar. Comienzan los chantajes. Gonzalo le quita la máscara a Ignacia y le hace confesar su infidelidad con Javier. Andrea le avisa a Javier que Pilar y Gonzalo se van a encontrar en el apartamento de Gonzalo. Las pasiones se desatan entre Pilar y Gonzalo. El romance entre Gonzalo y Pilar está en riesgo. Carola le dice a Hilda que no se enamore de Emilio, porque él es un Conde y jamás se casará con una sirvienta. Carola le encuentra la fotografía a Gonzalo de él y Pilar. Javier está fuera de sí y le reclama a Rebeca su traición. Carola le cuenta a Ignacia que Gonzalo y Pilar son amantes. Javier echa del bufete a Rebeca. Ignacia sale del hospital y Gonzalo le pide unos días para tomar una decisión sobre su relación. Ignacia enfrenta a Pilar y a Gonzalo por su traición y le cuenta que el hijo que esperaba era de Javier. Emilio recibe la noticia del embarazo de Hilda. Gonzalo revela sus sospecha sobre Javier como el asesino. Pilar furiosa enfrenta a Javier y le pregunta si tiene que ver con la muerte de Adolfo. Javier decide irse de la casa. La desesperación lleva a Ruiz al intento de suicidio. Pilar y Gonzalo encuentran a Javier. El descontrol de Javier no tiene límites e intenta suicidarse. Pilar encuentra a su marido infiel sin motivos de vivir, ella y Gonzalo lo llevan al hospital. Renato le exige a Gonzalo que cumpla con el contrato que firmó para estar con Ignacia. Carola busca descubrir la verdad sobre Leonardo. Javier está manipulando a Pilar para que lo perdone. Pilar le pide a Gonzalo que no la busque más. Rebeca se da cuenta del juego de Javier. Ignacia va a despedirse de Gonzalo. Carola le incrusta un tenedor en la pierna a Leonardo para comprobar si es Adolfo. Ignacia le hace creer a la familia que se va para Europa pero se queda en la ciudad ayudada por Nibaldo. Javier llega al apartamento de Ignacia. Leonardo no reacciona a la agresión de Pilar, pero aún siguen sus sospechas. Pilar cree tener pistas de dónde está Gonzalo, Javier sabe de su paradero gracias a la información de Rebeca. Pilar llega a la cabaña. Renato saca de la casa a Leonardo y lo interna en una clínica, entre tanto Rebeca descubre que Ignacia no se marchó del país y se lo cuenta Gonzalo. Renato sospecha que es Javier quién lo está robando. Leonardo visita el cuarto de Igor Mora. Gonzalo descubre la mentira de Ignacia y la sorprende en su hotel, ya sabe que Javier es su cómplice. Carola empieza la búsqueda de la información de los hermanos Acosta. Eva se entera que Hilda está embarazada de Emilio. Ignacia le advierte a Gonzalo que debe alejarse de Pilar porque los celos de Javier lo podrían llevar a cometer una locura en su contra. Pilar se entera que es Rebeca la que le está mandando los correos amenazadores a Diego. Gonzalo decide iniciar de nuevo su relación con Ignacia y se lo deja claro a Pilar. Javier intenta dejarle claro a Rebeca que es inocente del desfalco de los Conde. Eva habla de interrumpir el embarazo de Hilda, Emilio le pide que se sea su esposa. Emilio e Hilda se casan a escondidas y le informan a la familia de su compromiso. Por su parte, Carola e Ignacia descubren que Leonardo no es lo que parece ser. Renato presiona a Rebeca para que demande a Javier por robo. La familia Conde se entera por un video que Adolfo tiene miedo de morir en manos de Javier Ruiz. Yolanda estando en la cirugía presenta problemas de salud y es llevada de urgencias al hospital. Ignacia enfrenta a Danilo y le dice que conoce sus intenciones. Leonardo vuelve a la casa Conde para que Danilo cumpla su cometido. Pilar sabe que ha sido Javier el culpable de los emails a su hijo, se lo dice en su cara. Gonzalo encuentra el DVD. Pilar llega a la casa de los Conde para pedirle a Renato que retire la demanda en contra de Javier y Renato le muestra el video de Adolfo. Carola es secuestrada por Danilo, pero al defenderse lo hiere. Leonardo intenta asesinar a Danilo, pero escapa cuando una enfermera lo intenta detener. Lidia es atropellada cuando sale del restaurante. Javier manipula a Ignacia para que le consiga el DVD que lo denuncia. Danilo muere. La muerte de Danilo marca la vida de Carola en dos. Renato le pide a Pilar que ayude a Carola y que la contrata como psicóloga. Emilio e Ignacia descubren que los hermanos Acosta no existen. Javier busca regresar a la bufete. Emilio e Ignacia confirman que los nombres de los hermanos Acosta son falsos. Renato le propone a Rebeca que le pongan una trampa a Javier para poder tener pruebas en contra de él. Ignacia descubre que Eva esconde un amante. La llegada de Matías Santa María marcará un nuevo rumbo en la familia Conde. Emilio se entera que Hilda se fue para México. Los planes de Leonardo en contra de la familia Conde son de venganza. Matías no le cae del todo bien a Javier, ahora será el nuevo asistente. Ignacia le dice a Carola que están en peligro pues recibió una llamada amenazándola si sigue investigando. Emilio encuentra a Carola en el estudio y la ve muy mal. Se va la luz en plena fiesta y se oye un disparo. Alguien le disparó a Gonzalo y todos piensan que Ignacia y Javier son los culpables. Gonzalo se debate entre la vida y la muerte. Eva sostiene un romance con Matías Santa María. Pilar llega al hospital y logra hablar con Gonzalo. Javier se lleva a la fuerza a Pilar del hospital y le reclama. Ignacia está muy asustada porque piensa que la van a matar. Renato visita a Gonzalo en el hospital y le pregunta quién quiere matar a Ignacia y si es verdad que Eva tiene un amante. Una sombra misteriosa asesina a la adivina de Ignacia. Eva descubre que Matías se está besando con Rebeca. Emilio descubre que Javier conocía a Adolfo y eran buenos amigos. Pilar logra conseguir un lugar para montar el consultorio. Eva encuentra a su amante besando a Rebeca. Ignacia conoce a Rosa la hermana de Adolfo. Matías es víctima del asesino y pierde la misteriosa caja de Adolfo. Ignacia deja clara su rivalidad con Pilar por el amor de Gonzalo. Ignacia encuentra la caja donde Adolfo guardaba recuerdos de ellos dos. Matías le confiesa a Eva que Rebeca le gusta mucho y desea estar con ella. Pilar se asusta de ver a Javier en su consultorio. Carola le pide a Emilio que investigue a Rosa para así saber los verdaderos nombres de Adolfo y Leonardo. Pilar llega a su consultorio y lo encuentra destrozado. Matías llega a la casa Conde cuando Renato y Eva están hablando y le cuenta a Renato que Eva y él eran amantes. Emilio llega al cementerio y ve allá a Rosa. Emilio instala una cámara en el cuarto de la clínica donde está Gonzalo. Mabel llama a Eva y le recuerda una deuda del pasado. Rosa aconseja a Hilda vengarse de la familia Conde. Pablo, uno de los hombres contratados por Leonardo, incendia uno de los hoteles de los Conde. Matías descubre que Leonardo y Rosa robaron la caja fuerte de Los Conde. Leonardo desaparece misteriosamente sin dejar huella. Matías revela que Leonardo es un impostor y Adolfo está vivo. Ignacia está segura de que Adolfo viene a asesinarla. Pilar le dice a Gonzalo que acepta comenzar con él una nueva vida. Javier amenaza a Pilar con hacer lo que sea con tal de convertirla en una buena esposa. Ignacia sabe que Adolfo la quiere asesinar. Gonzalo y Pilar buscan dejar su pasado y vivir una vida juntos. Renato recibe una llamada del investigador quien le dice que el incendio fue intencional, luego sufre un infarto en su casa. Adolfo busca a Javier para cobrarle una deuda del pasado. Pilar decide abandonar el infierno que vive con su esposo. Adolfo visita a Carola y le confiesa que mató a Leonardo y comprueba que ella todavía lo ama. Renato Conde muere sin perdonar la traición de Eva. Emilio y Gonzalo encuentran a Carola desmayada en el departamento. Gonzalo trata de revivir a Carola quien se encuentra inconsciente por las drogas y el alcohol. La muerte de Renato marca un nuevo destino en la vida de la familia Conde. Javier recibe una carta de Renato en donde revela el testamento de su familia. Javier lee el testamento de Renato en donde nombra a Gonzalo Ibáñez como el único heredero de la fortuna Conde. Eva y Emilio no están de acuerdo y Gonzalo les dice que impugnen el testamento. Adolfo llega al cuarto de Ignacia. Adolfo regresa de la muerte para enfrentar a Ignacia. La herencia frustra los planes de Pilar de irse lejos junto a Gonzalo. Leonardo le pide a Hilda que le sirva de espía en la casa de los Conde. La familia Conde empieza a descubrir el misterio detrás de Igor Mora. Rebeca llega al departamento donde se esconde Renato. Renato pide a Rebeca convocar a una rueda de prensa para presentar a Gonzalo como el heredero universal de la familia Conde. El destino le cobra a Emilio las deudas de juego. Rosa le hace creer a Pilar que ella y Gonzalo son amantes. Carola es detenida. Adolfo está feliz porque ya los Conde están casi acabados. Carola no descansará hasta acabar con Adolfo y cobrar su venganza. Pilar duda de la personalidad de Gonzalo. Javier reúne a los abogados más prestigiosos de Miami y les habla muy mal de Gonzalo. Rebeca le informa a Gonzalo que los clientes más importantes se están retirando del bufete. El doctor confirma que Emilio perdió la vista. Gonzalo llega a la casa de Javier y se da cuenta que es él quién lo está desprestigiando. Hilda trata de envenenar a Igor pero no puede. Pilar le dice a Gonzalo que la relación de ellos no está funcionando. La extraña muerte de Rosa hace que el asesino desate su sed de venganza, Hilda queda muy nerviosa. Matías y Javier discuten cuando escuchan el grito de auxilio de Emilio. Matías pelea con Adolfo. Javier permite que Adolfo escape, pero Matías lo alcanza y lo entrega a la policía. Gonzalo encuentra a Javier y a Pilar durmiendo juntos. Adolfo sale de la cárcel. Javier amenaza a Matías y trata de secuestrarlo. Pilar busca a Gonzalo para aclarar las cosas pero Gonzalo no le permite hablar. Javier llega con una orden judicial para sacar a Igor de la casa de los Conde. Gonzalo le cuenta a la familia Conde que Adolfo está libre y el que quien lo ayuda es Javier. Rebeca le pide a Pilar que esté con ella pues el día de su boda con Matías. Matías llega a la casa Conde. Rebeca se preocupas porque Matías no llega. Gonzalo y Rebeca salen a buscar a Matías y encuentran las argollas botadas. La mente maestra del asesino muestra su rostro, Iñaki Mora es el cerebro de la venganza en contra de la familia Conde. Adolfo le dice a Gonzalo que él se olvidó de cómo era su mamá y se distraen en la conversación, Matías se logra soltar y los ataca, pero Gonzalo le dispara y Matías muere. La policía encuentra el cuerpo de Matías dentro del auto de Javier. Rebeca se despide por última vez del amor de Matías. Eva busca la manera de sacar a Javier Ruiz de la cárcel, le dice a Pilar que Javier es inocente y que lo mejor que puede hacer es rehacer su matrimonio. Renato va al velorio de Matías. Ignacia le propone a Javier que la ayude a conseguir un niño en adopción. Gonzalo seduce a Carola para que caiga en su trampa, pasan la noche juntos. Javier sale libre de todo cargo por la muerte de Matías. Eva y Javier siguen con el plan de quitarle a Gonzalo la herencia que le dejó Renato. Se descubre la mentira de la muerte de Renato Conde. Carola le confiesa a Ignacia, que ella y Gonzalo pasaron la noche juntos. Gonzalo se reconcilia con Pilar y a la vez decide volver con Ignacia. Ignacia y Pilar hablan de lo que está pasando entre Gonzalo y Carola. Eva sabe que Renato está vivo. Pilar decide volver a la casa junto a Javier. Ignacia vuelve a recibir a Gonzalo en la casa. Pilar le pide ayuda a Ignacia para poder olvidar a Gonzalo. Marisol quiere vengarse de Pilar por la muerte de su hermano Ricardo y le regala unos chocolates envenenados. Javier se desquita con Pilar al verse burlado por Renato Conde. Karen ve los chocolates y come una porción. Adolfo se deshace de Renato. Gonzalo le dispara a Adolfo con el arma que tenía las huellas de Carola. Gonzalo llama a la policía para avisarles lo ocurrido en la bodega. Un borracho encuentra el cuerpo de Renato Conde. Renato se libra de la muerte y vuelve con su familia. Renato lleva a la policía a la bodega de Adolfo para salvar a Igor Mora. Renato llega de nuevo a la casa Conde, Gonzalo está muy nervioso por la desaparición de Adolfo. Gonzalo habla con Mabel y le dice que él es Iñaki su hijo, pero Mabel niega haber tenido hijos y no lo quiere ayudar. Rebeca está muy destrozada por todo lo sucedido y Javier aprovecha esa oportunidad. Rebeca y Javier llegan buscando a Pilar en la casa de Ricardo Merino. Gonzalo entra al cuarto de Emilio y destruye el computador. Renato le pide a Gonzalo que haga los trámites para llevar a Igor Mora a vivir a la casa Conde. Marisol intenta asesinar a Pilar. Hilda se va de la casa Conde y abandona a Emilio. Carola es llevada a la cárcel de mujeres. Javier logra revocar la decisión del juez en el caso de Carola. Javier busca nuevamente a Rebeca y ella vuelve a caer. Ismael y Mabel sellan un pacto en contra de Iñaki. Omar le confiesa a Renato que Carola está enamorada de Gonzalo. Ignacia le pide a Gonzalo que le dé un hijo, pues ella quiere ser mamá. Diego desaparece extrañamente y las sospechas recaen sobre Adolfo. Renato empieza a desconfiar de Gonzalo y le pide que se aleje de su familia y en especial de Carola. Pilar le pide a Rebeca que la acompañe a la casa de Ricardo Merino. El asesino intenta matar a Omar pero falla con su plan, cuando misteriosamente Pilar encuentra a su hijo durmiendo en su casa. Pilar se desespera porque Diego no despierta. Gonzalo escucha cuando Ignacia le propone a Pablo que la deje embarazada. Pilar rechaza a Gonzalo. El asesino intenta impedir que Ignacia quede embarazada de Pablo. El asesino elimina a Pablo haciendo pensar a Ignacia que ella lo asesinó. Javier sigue buscando a Rebeca y ella decide seguir con él. Ignacia llama a Gonzalo y él la ayuda a salir del problema. Llegan mensajes para Pilar y para Ignacia. Adolfo regresa a cobrarle a sus enemigos una traición. Hilda está a punto de dar a luz lejos del amor de Emilio. Adolfo amenaza a Gonzalo y a Pilar y los deja encerrados en el ascensor del bufete. Diego no quiere volver al colegio pero Javier se burla de él, lo trata mal y lo obliga a ir. Carola sale de la cárcel y no habla con nadie. Rebeca se desmaya cuando Gonzalo y Javier discuten. Mabel le dice a Renato que su hijo mayor es hijo de él. Carola desapareció. Emilio llama a Eva y le dice que ya es padre de una hermosa niña y que recuperó la vista. Rebeca le confiesa a Pilar que Javier y ella han tenido una relación todo el tiempo. Carola le pide ayuda a Adolfo para vengarse de los Conde. Renato le dice a Javier que sus tres hijos son adoptados y que necesita que le ayude a localizar a los padres de Emilio. Rebeca descubre las pistas del libro de La Casa de al Lado, en donde dos familias se matan entre sí. Gonzalo escucha cuando Igor le revela a Ignacia que ella conoce a Iñaki. Hilda se niega a darle de comer a su hija. Rebeca le propone a Javier un trato, él retira la demanda contra Gonzalo y ella lo deja en paz con el tema del embarazo. Ignacia le ofrece más dinero a Nibaldo para que se robe la hija de Hilda. Rebeca sigue leyendo el libro. Gonzalo asesina a su propio padre para evitar que los descubran. Ricardo Merino regresa del pasado y confronta a Pilar. Pilar le hace creer a Javier que está de su lado. Nibaldo le ofrece a Karen la mitad del dinero, para robar la bebé. Igor Mora muere en brazos de Gonzalo. Yolanda enfrenta a Ignacia y le dice que lo sabe todo y le pide que no se acerque a la hija de Hilda porque se arrepentirá. Aparece la libreta de Teresa Sandoval. Renato le confiesa a Gonzalo que su hijo mayor se llama Iñaki Mora. Carola y Rebeca le siguen el rastro al asesino. Gonzalo está muy preocupado por el curso que ha tomado las cosas y jura vengarse de Adolfo. Gonzalo descubre que su verdadero padre es Renato, siente que es culpa de su madre que se haya casado con su propia hermana. Eva le pide a Javier que tramite el divorcio de Hilda y Emilio y a la vez quitarle todos los derechos de Hilda sobre la niña. Carola se deja llevar por la soledad y termina en los brazos de Omar. Pilar le dice a Yolanda que lo que Hilda tiene es una depresión post parto y le pide que no permita que Hilda firme ningún documento. Ismael e Iñaki se enfrentan en una lucha a muerte por su propia venganza. Ignacia encuentra a la bebé sola y se la lleva a dar un paseo, sin que nadie se dé cuenta en la casa. Pilar hace hasta lo imposible para hacer cambiar de opinión a Hilda. Renato le confiesa a los hermanos Conde que son adoptados y el destino de la familia cambiará para siempre. Pilar se encuentra con un antiguo novio suyo y queda muy impresionada. Adolfo falla en su intento de asesinar a Pilar para darle a su hermano donde más le duele. Javier recibe una llamada donde le informan de un nuevo incendio a los hoteles de Renato Conde, el hotel de Nueva York. Adolfo le hace llegar a Rebeca pruebas de lo que le dice de Gonzalo, ella no deja de pensar en las palabras de Adolfo y empieza creer que Gonzalo es el asesino de La Casa de al Lado. Renato está completamente arruinado. Javier muere de celos por tener a Sebastián rondando a su esposa, entre tanto el asesino elimina a otra víctima de su venganza. Renato le pide a Ignacia que se vaya de la casa antes de que se acabe la familia Conde. Javier despierta a merced de la venganza de Ricardo Merino, este lo tortura con la idea de que pasará la noche con su mujer. Pilar le dice a Gonzalo que se va del país y quiere que él la acompañe. Adolfo llama a Rebeca y le deja una prueba en la caja de seguridad del banco. Rebeca descubre que Gonzalo es el tercer hermano de los Mora, Iñaki el asesino de La Casa de al Lado. La policía rescata a Javier de la casa de Ricardo. Rebeca le deja saber a Gonzalo que sabe la verdad y cae en sus garras. Javier enfrenta a Pilar y a Gonzalo porque pensaban irse. Javier encierra a Pilar y Diego se le enfrenta, pues ya no le tiene miedo. Pilar conoce que Gonzalo fue el último en hablar con Rebeca. Pilar y Sebastián llegan al banco y piden ver el video de la caja de seguridad. Gonzalo se asusta mucho cuando Pilar le pregunta de quién era la llamada que recibió Rebeca. Pilar le hace muchas preguntas a Gonzalo que él no sabe cómo responder. Gonzalo asesina frente a Rebeca a la empleada que quería ayudar a encontrarla. Pilar demanda a Javier por violencia doméstica. Rebeca se logra desatar y cuando trata de escapar, Gonzalo le dispara por la espalda. Gonzalo le propone a Renato que busquen un testaferro para comprar la casa Conde. Diego logra comunicarse con Pilar y le dice dónde está. Episode 100 Capítulo 100 Pilar y Javier llegan con la policía a donde Ricardo tiene a Diego. Pilar asesina a Ricardo Merino para salvar la vida de su hijo Diego. Cuando Mabel y Gonzalo llegan a la subasta se enteran que la casa Conde ya fue vendida. Episode 101 Capítulo 101 Javier llega a la casa Conde y les avisa que él es el nuevo dueño y que necesita que le desocupen la casa. Javier disfruta de su nueva casa. Ignacia llega a casa de los Conde y le dice a Javier que se va a vivir con él en esa casa. Episode 102 Capítulo 102 Ignacia regresa a la casa Conde y le hace creer a Javier que está enamorada de él. Gonzalo está preocupado porque Rebeca cada vez está más débil. Adolfo amenaza a Ignacia y a Javier. Carola sigue a Gonzalo hasta donde él tiene secuestrada a Rebeca. Episode 103 Capítulo 103 Karen busca a Javier para avisarle que Diego se cortó las venas. Carola enfrenta a Gonzalo y le hace saber que sabe todo acerca de él, que es Iñaki Mora y es quién está detrás de toda la ruina de los Conde y de la desaparición de Rebeca. Episode 104 Capítulo 104 Sebastián logra que Pilar salga bajo fianza. Gonzalo llega la casa para matar a Rebeca pues cree que se está volviendo loco por las voces que escucha en su mente. Ignacia llega a donde Javier con el acta de su divorcio. Episode 105 Capítulo 105 Gonzalo empieza a escuchar nuevamente voces y Pilar queda muy extrañada del comportamiento de Gonzalo. Pilar le pide ayuda a Sebastián para que trate profesionalmente a Diego. Omar encuentra a Rebeca y la ayuda a escapar pero llega Gonzalo. Episode 106 Capítulo 106 Cuando Omar trata de quitarle el celular a Gonzalo, él se despierta y le dispara. Gonzalo se vuelve a llevar a Rebeca. Rebeca intenta salvar su vida de las garras del asesino. Episode 107 Capítulo 107 Javier le echa la culpa a Pilar por la homosexualidad de Diego. Carola le asegura a Pilar que Gonzalo es Iñaki Mora el asesino de La Casa de al Lado. Pilar les colabora a Carola y a Sebastián para atrapar a Gonzalo. Episode 108 Capítulo 108 Gonzalo le dice a Rebeca que tiene que escribirle una carta a Pilar pidiéndole perdón por todo lo que hizo. Emilio se prostituye para pagar el tratamiento de su hija. Gonzalo no le perdona la vida a Omar. Episode 109 Capítulo 109 Adolfo descubre presa a Rebeca en el apartamento de Gonzalo, cuando Emilio recibe su primer pago como acompañante sexual. Rebeca trata de comunicarse con el celular de Gonzalo. Adolfo llega a la casa de Gonzalo y encuentra allí a Rebeca. Episode 110 Capítulo 110 Rebeca es víctima de un accidente mortal por culpa de Adolfo. Gonzalo le quiere confesar la verdad a Pilar. Ignacia le pregunta a Javier por qué él tiene el libro La Casa de al Lado. Episode 111 Capítulo 111 Sebastián le dice a Carola que Omar murió tratando de salvarla a ella, de sacarla de su adicción a las drogas y al alcohol, igual que a su hermana Maribel. Al parecer Javier es culpable de la mentira del libro de La Casa de al Lado. Episode 112 Capítulo 112 Emilio le pide a Hilda que se case nuevamente con él y le regala un anillo. Adolfo ataca a Nibaldo y a Karen y luego desaparece. Adolfo planea secuestrar Andrea, pero termina en una confrontación a muerte. Episode 113 Capítulo 113 Javier le dice a Ignacia que no puede tener ese hijo, que él no quiere más hijos. Adolfo se enfrenta a muerte con Gonzalo y le hace pensar que se ha librado de él para siempre. Episode 114 Capítulo 114 Carola le pide a Pilar que se aleje de Gonzalo porque si sigue con él corre peligro. Hilda sigue a Emilio y se entera en donde es que está trabajando. Pilar confronta a Gonzalo y le dice que él es Iñaki Mora, el asesino de La Casa de al Lado. Episode 115 Capítulo 115 Adolfo se le presenta a Mabel y le cuenta cómo simuló su muerte. Javier saca del hospital a Rebeca, solo para vengarse de Pilar. Gonzalo le pone una trampa a Carola y es perseguida por tráfico de drogas. Empieza una historia alrededor del libro. Episode 116 Capítulo 116 Misteriosamente hay un cambio del libro de La Casa de al Lado por Condenados. Javier recibe un ejemplar del libro Condenados. Sebastián encuentra encima de su escritorio una fotografía de él y el escritor de Condenados. Episode 117 Capítulo 117 Un misterioso asesina al hombre de la librería. Episode 118 Capítulo 118 Mabel le pregunta a Gonzalo, qué hará cuando Pilar se entere que él es un asesino. Emilio coloca una cámara en la habitación de Rebeca. Ignacia le revela a su padre, que está embarazada. Episode 119 Capítulo 119 Pilar llama a Gonzalo y le dice que Rebeca trató de hablar. Ignacia piensa salir fuera de la ciudad para evitar que la maten. Gonzalo no puede evitar escapar de sus culpas, cuando Pilar le pide que sea su esposo. Episode 120 Capítulo 120 Javier reacciona violentamente al ver que Pilar lo está grabando. Javier busca seducir y aprovecharse de Hilda a como de lugar. Adolfo le piensa mandar la foto donde aparecen los tres hermanos Mora a Pilar. Episode 121 Capítulo 121 Gonzalo trata de matar a Rebeca, pero Diego lo impide. Javier y Gonzalo se enfrentan en una pelea a muerte en la fiesta de Andrea. Pilar le pregunta a Gonzalo para que fue a ver a Rebeca. Episode 122 Capítulo 122 Javier se volvió loco intenta violar a Hilda, pero Diego lo descubre. Javier le pide a Ignacia que no se vaya, que no lo abandone. Karen le cuenta a Pilar que le entregó el sobre a Gonzalo, y parecía que tenía una foto, que ella no debía ver. Episode 123 Capítulo 123 Javier le confiesa su amor a Ignacia y le pide que se quede a su lado, pero ella le dice que es tarde. Mabel le niega su afecto a Adolfo. Pilar cuestiona a Gonzalo sobre la foto que esconde. Episode 124 Capítulo 124 Adolfo secuestra a Nibaldo y lo elimina brutalmente. Se posterga el juicio contra Javier, cuando él no comparece. Pilar decide vivir con su enemigo, para vigilarlo y proteger a Rebeca. Episode 125 Capítulo 125 Don Renato y Eva se suman a la intriga de los libros de Chuncler. Ignacia se enfrenta con Pilar al regresar con Javier. Rebeca pronuncia el nombre de Pilar. Adolfo observa los preparativos de Hilda y Karen para una fiesta. Episode 126 Capítulo 126 Celebran el compromiso de Hilda y Emilio, en casa de Pilar y matan a Sebastián. Adolfo se lleva a Ignacia y a cambio de su vida, la obliga a que lo ayude a matar a Gonzalo. Ella acepta. Episode 127 Capítulo 127 Gonzalo descubre que Sebastián fue envenenado, exactamente como sale en el libro, “Condenados” y sospecha de Pilar. Emilio revisa el auto de su padre, y se encuentra con una sorpresa alarmante. Episode 128 Capítulo 128 Todos desean saber quien es el asesino de Sebastián. Adolfo hace que Gonzalo dude de Pilar. Hilda siente ternura por su hija aunque se resiste a reconocerlo. Episode 129 Capítulo 129 Gonzalo se desmorona al descubrir los manuscritos de los libros en manos de Pilar. Mientras, Pilar asume su defensa frente a Javier en el juicio, con el apoyo de Diego y consigue una sentencia ejemplar contra el. Episode 130 Capítulo 130 Carola se arriesga, para hablar con Pilar. Javier busca a Diego y le reprocha, por haber declarado en su contra. Adolfo presiona a Ignacia, para que lleve a Gonzalo, al lugar en que quedaron. Episode 131 Capítulo 131 Ignacia vive la realidad de su pesadilla al caer víctima de un disparo; Leonardo lo captura todo en vídeo. Javier pide la mano de la moribunda, Ignacia, a Renato y Eva. Episode 132 Capítulo 132 Gonzalo y Renato identifican el cuerpo de Ignacia en la morgue. Adolfo le dice a Mabel que alguien más quiere acabar con los Conde. Pilar enfrenta a Javier cuando no encuentra a Rebeca. Episode 133 Capítulo 133 Javier junto a la familia Conde sufre la muerte de Ignacia. Adolfo le cuenta a Gonzalo que tiene una grabación del crimen y le pide ayuda, para descubrir al asesino. Javier sospecha de Pilar. Episode 134 Capítulo 134 Enfrentamientos y dolor en el sepelio de Ignacia. Leonardo identifica al asesino de Ignacia y la placa del auto de los supuestos turistas. Gonzalo usa a Pilar de coartada. El asesino contacta a Renato. Episode 135 Capítulo 135 Renato recibe una llamada anónima. Javier cree ver a Pilar en su habitación. Carola y Emilio descubren que Ignacia pudo haber tenido un hijo. Renato exige justicia por la muerte de su hija. Episode 136 Capítulo 136 Carola se entera del hijo secreto de Ignacia. Leonardo descarga su ira asesinando a la pareja de turistas, pero no obtiene pistas. Gonzalo descubre una foto de Pilar empuñando el arma asesina. Episode 137 Capítulo 137 Gonzalo borra la fotografía, que compromete a Pilar con la muerte de Ignacia, y cree verla viva. Carola halla información, sobre el hijo de su hermana. Rebeca empieza a hablar y nombra a Iñaki. Episode 138 Capítulo 138 Leonardo le envía a Pilar una foto que la inculpa, ella confronta a Gonzalo quien le propone viajar con los niños a cambio de confesar su crimen. Pilar sostiene su inocencia y en secreto, amenaza a Renato. Episode 139 Capítulo 139 Pilar empuja a Renato al suicidio. Gonzalo y Javier creen que Ignacia fingió su muerte, pero esto es una trama de Pilar. Carola da con el paradero de Luis y su padre. Episode 140 Capítulo 140 Gonzalo elimina a su tía postiza y logra el arresto de Carola para ocultar su pasado. Javier desea internar a Pilar por demencia. Emilio está cerca de descubrir la verdad sobre Roberto Acosta. Episode 141 Capítulo 141 Pilar se atiborra de calmantes mientras Javier trama su internación. Gonzalo finge ayudar a Carola. La madre de Pilar es atacada. Carola escribe un diario. Episode 142 Capítulo 142 Cecilia advierte a Gonzalo, lo peligrosa que puede ser Pilar. Ella, escribe la verdad sobre Iñaki, un asesino serial y responsable de la muerte de su hermana. Episode 143 Capítulo 143 Pilar seduce a Javier como un acto de reinvindicación, causando el rencor de Gonzalo. Rebeca intenta denunciar a Gonzalo. Episode 144 Capítulo 144 Gonzalo pone fin a Carmen para siempre y saca de control a Carola con la noticia. Pilar se acerca a Renato para acabar con su vida. Leonardo amenaza a Javier por Carola. Cecilia enfrenta a Pilar. Episode 145 Capítulo 145 Renato no puede cumplir su sueño de estar con Ignacia y no es capaz de quitarse la vida. Pilar lo lamenta. Emilio informa que mataron a Carmen. Greta interrumpe la boda de Hilda y Emilio. Episode 146 Capítulo 146 Diego y Andrea se escapan de la reunión y se van a casa de Cecilia para que los ayude, pues no quieren seguir viviendo con Pilar. Greta le dice toda la verdad a Hilda de Emilio y le entrega las fotos de su trabajo. Episode 147 Capítulo 147 Javier discute con Gonzalo su deseo de internar a Pilar. Emilio ataca a Greta por haber arruinado su boda. Raquel cita a Renato en el taller de Ignacia. Episode 148 Capítulo 148 Pilar logra que Renato se suicide. Rebeca, como puede, le revela a Pilar que Gonzalo es Iñaki Mora. Pilar le confiesa a Gonzalo que mató a Ignacia. Adolfo secuestra a su hermano y lo golpea. Episode 149 Capítulo 149 Raquel revela a Pilar la historia completa de su pasado y los hechos que la convirtieron en una joven asesina; el odio hacia su hermana privilegiada a quien ella inculpo de sus crímenes. También confiesa ser la autora de los libros. Episode 150 Capítulo 150 La guardiana lleva la libreta a casa de Pilar pero no la encuentra y la deja con Diego. Adolfo le ofrece a Javier la vida de Gonzalo. Mabel e Ismael se declaran la guerra. Episode 151 Capítulo 151 Mabel y Leonardo se enfrentan y ella decide denunciarlo. Raquel le propone una asociación a Leonardo. La libreta de Carola cae en manos de la gemela perversa. Raquel finge ante Javier, ser secuestrada por Leonardo. Episode 152 Capítulo 152 El plan de Raquel avanza a la perfección. Raquel lleva a Leonardo donde tiene secuestrada a su hermana para obtener su apoyo. Raquel revela como nació la idea de los libros y quien será su próxima víctima. Episode 153 Capítulo 153 Raquel trama con Leonardo para deshacerse de Gonzalo cuando Javier y Mabel intenten rescatarlo. Javier tiene a Gonzalo pero Mabel intercede y termina por recibir un disparo mortal de Leonardo para proteger a Gonzalo. Episode 154 Capítulo 154 Gonzalo visita a Carola para romper su espíritu. Leonardo ayuda a escapar a Pilar. Cecilia le dice la verdad a Gonzalo. Javier descubre el asilo de terror donde esta Rebeca. Emilio e Hilda comienzan a reconciliarse. Episode 155 Capítulo 155 Pilar y Raquel se enfrentan, Raquel es herida pero logra escapar. Emilio hace público el vídeo que grabó en el asilo con Rebeca. Gonzalo va tras la guardia de Carola. Diego le entrega a Pilar la libreta de Carola. Episode 156 Capítulo 156 Pilar descubre con horror la verdad sobre el hombre que ama. Gonzalo intenta defender su amor pero ella lo rechaza. Gonzalo logra huir con la libreta de Carola. Episode 157 Capítulo 157 Gonzalo regresa para vengarse de quien ayudó a alejarlo de Pilar. Leonardo vuelca en Raquel su carencia de afecto. Emilio manda a Pilar como señuelo para atrapar a Gonzalo pero Javier por celos se opone. Episode 158 Capítulo 158 Pilar finge huir con Gonzalo y sus hijos para que confiese sus crímenes, pero Gonzalo descubre que Pilar lo está grabando. Para recuperar a Pilar, Javier le pide a Nibaldo rescatar a Rebeca. Episode 159 Capítulo 159 Pilar graba la confesión de Gonzalo pero él descubre su traición. Carola sale libre. Nibaldo salva a Rebeca del asilo. Javier es el héroe de la jornada. Para cumplir el plan de Raquel, Leonardo secuestra a Cecilia. Episode 160 Capítulo 160 Gonzalo deja mal herido a Javier. El espíritu de Ignacia lo revive. Carola frustra el secuestro de Cecilia. Raquel captura a Andrea haciéndose pasar por su hermana. Eva negocia el primer contrato de Nibaldo como cantante. Episode 161 Capítulo 161 Gonzalo busca salvar la vida de la joven con una tregua entre Andrea y Pilar. En un rapto de amor, se pone a merced de Pilar. Karen toma el lugar de Nibaldo en el show. Cecilia recibe un libro misterioso. Episode 162 Capítulo 162 Gonzalo logra ser herido por Pilar para ponerla a salvo. Leonardo cura a su hermano. Gonzalo intenta lograr que Raquel deje su venganza. Carola le pone una trampa a Leonardo. Carrera de Karen va bien. Episode 163 Capítulo 163 Raquel toma de rehén a Cecilia y escucha a Hilda y a Emilio cuando dicen que toda la familia está en la casa Conde. Carola tortura lentamente a Ismael y le cobra la desgracia de la familia Conde. Episode 164 Capítulo 164 Raquel busca acabar para siempre con su hermana y con los Conde. Pilar al defenderse de Raquel le entierra un cuchillo y Raquel muere. Adolfo toma de rehén a la hija de Emilio. Gonzalo toma como rehén a Diego. Episode 165 Capítulo 165 Los hermanos Mora perdieron su venganza contra la familia Conde. Eva compra una casa y Pilar es su nueva vecina. Javier se encuentra solo en la casa Conde con el fantasma de Ignacia, conoce a sus nuevos vecinos.

Parece o enredo do galveston,eu gostei muito desse filme.

En brazos de un asesino william levy

Excelente bellos paisajes de mi Ecuador los felicito. E muto lindo qué deus brille esa es trela linda. The script is not very well done. Some of the acting are too cheesy. The best part of the movie is the main casts are gorgeous. In as actually wanted to see the movie because I'm a big William Levy fan and a romance sucker. So I loved the idea of the storyline. It being in Spanish made it that much more awesome. William and Alicia played great chemistry between their characters even not long after they met each other in character you can see the chemistry "Victor" and "Sarai" gave off each other without words. And I felt the action was there in the movie. I'm hoping they continue the book series into movies.

1. Published by: Handsome Guys
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‹putlocker9› Free Watch En Brazos de un Asesino Rated 4.6 / 5 based on 95 reviews.

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Genres=Crime Mesfin Lamengo, Suin Zhi Hua-Hilton country=USA writer=Josh Safdie directed by=Benny Safdie release Date=2019. Άκοπο ΔιÎμάντin inglese. I love Adam Sandler so I was eager to see this movie.
It was as awful. The "F" bombs were too much. There is t anything about this moving I would recommend to others.
Sorry Adam. Looks like it could flop hard, but at least it's not a remake or reboot; thanks for a little creativity, Hollywood. Critics Consensus Uncut Gems reaffirms the Safdies as masters of anxiety-inducing cinema. and proves Adam Sandler remains a formidable dramatic actor when given the right material. 92% TOMATOMETER Total Count: 298 52% Audience Score Verified Ratings: 11, 844 Uncut Gems Ratings & Reviews Explanation Tickets & Showtimes The movie doesn't seem to be playing near you. Go back Enter your location to see showtimes near you. Uncut Gems Videos Photos Movie Info From acclaimed filmmakers Josh and Benny Safdie comes an electrifying crime thriller about Howard Ratner (Adam Sandler) a charismatic New York City jeweler always on the lookout for the next big score. When he makes a series of high-stakes bets that could lead to the windfall of a lifetime, Howard must perform a precarious high-wire act, balancing business, family, and encroaching adversaries on all sides, in his relentless pursuit of the ultimate win. Rating: R (for pervasive strong language, violence, some sexual content and brief drug use) Genre: Directed By: Written By: In Theaters: Dec 25, 2019 wide Runtime: 135 minutes Studio: A24 Cast News & Interviews for Uncut Gems Critic Reviews for Uncut Gems Audience Reviews for Uncut Gems Uncut Gems Quotes News & Features.

Άκοπο διαμάντι (2019.
Άκοπο ΔιÎμάντin francese.
Άκοπο ΔιÎμάντin a new window.

Άκοπο διαμάντι imdb. Ακοπο διαμαντι ταινια. Fascinating.

 

Ακοπο διαμαντι. Why does she speak like thaaaAAAaAat. Uncut Gems ( uncutgems) • Instagram photos and videos. He said wt oof nooba. 11:20 Getting Margot Kidder vibes from her there. Lois is that you. Next episode: dicaprio and joaquin. Trailer 1: Weve mindfucked the audience Trailer 2: Hasnt happened yet. Άκοπο ΔιÎμάντi.p. Άκοπο διαμάντι / uncut gems (2019.

I don't know who's more badass, Adam Sandler for getting into a fight with The Weeknd, or The Weeknd for getting into a fight with Adam Sandler. The Weeknd was banging it out with Adam Sandler's girl though. Finally he does a serious film and people are actually liking it.

5 / 5 stars 5 out of 5 stars. Adam Sandler gives a terrific, career-best performance as a Manhattan jeweller with a perilous gambling habit in a rollicking, high-energy thriller Deranged, delusional cheerfulness … Adam Sandler in Uncut Gems. Photograph: AP T his sensationally good New York crime drama is rocket-fuelled with greed and crack-fumed with fear. It is directed by the Safdie brothers, Benny and Josh, who create something deliciously horrible, working with their longtime screenwriter-collaborator Ronald Bronstein. It conjures up the work of James Toback and John Cassavetes – and indeed early Martin Scorsese, who is an executive producer here. There is a consistency of purpose that their earlier film, Good Time, lacked. In its unforced, gripping, black-comic chaos, Uncut Gems resembles nothing so much as a super-violent, feature-length episode of Curb Your Enthusiasm. The Safdies have cast as their leading man Adam Sandler who gives a glorious, career-best turn as a fast-talking Manhattan diamond dealer called Howard Ratner (dare we hope for a cheeky reference to the British jeweller Gerald. sporting a black leather jacket, dark glasses, earrings and an ingratiating, unreliable grin. Sandler has been known for pretty crass comedies in the past, though polite broadsheet opinion traditionally makes an exception for his performance in Paul Thomas Andersons 2002 film Punch-Drunk Love. For me, that was a bit overblown, and in any case Sandler is far better here. Howard is semi-separated from his wife Dinah (played by Idina Menzel – the voice of Frozens Elsa) and kids, though still importantly embedded in the Jewish customs involved in her family dinners. He has now installed his sexy, vocal-fry-toned employee Julia (Julia Fox) in a cheesily decorated bachelor apartment in the city. His diamond shop is a heavily fortified, sweaty and airless emporium, protected by a castle-keep system of inner and outer toughened-glass doors opened with a nerve-jangling buzzer. Howards business is doing reasonably well, thanks to a middleman called Demany (great work from Lakeith Stanfield) who brings high net worth individuals from the world of music and sports into Howards store in return for a cut of the sale price; Howard takes his own commission for selling Demanys counterfeit Rolexes as certified genuine. Howard is looking to make a fat profit with an illegally imported black opal from Ethiopia, the equivalent of a “blood diamond” but a stone of mythical import and rarity that fascinates Howards biggest celeb customer: NBA megastar Kevin Garnett (playing himself) who is capriciously convinced that this is an anti-kryptonite rock that guarantees victory on the basketball court. Like vintage 70s horror, Uncut Gems begins with an eerie prologue showing this occult stone being discovered deep underground. Tall tale … Sandler and Lakeith Stanfield with NBA star Kevin Garnett, playing himself. Photograph: Wally McGrady/AP So things look good for Howard, but theres a problem. He is a compulsive gambling addict whose habit is raging out of control – though part of this movies 70s feel lies in the fact that he is never described as an “addict” and never recognises himself as such. He has a sideline in taking customers valuable pieces of jewellery for supposed repair (a kitsch figure of the crucified Michael Jackson being a case in point) but actually using them as collateral for huge mob loans that he will then bet on pro sports: usually basketball, with which he is obsessed. And he is borrowing against future assumed sales or sure-fire gambling wins to make other bets or pay off other creditors. Howard is in very deep with an intimidating player called Arno (Eric Bogosian) whose man-mountain goons make an unwelcome appearance at his store. Sandlers superb performance shows how Howard has what amounts to a superpower – his optimism, his toxic gift of the gab, his deranged delusional cheerfulness and his refusal to be fazed or scared by things that would reduce ordinary people to jelly. Theres an incredible sequence on the streets of Manhattan – which the Safdies and their cinematographer Darius Khondji shoot with rangy, loose-limbed exuberance – showing Howard getting punched in the throat by one of his debt collectors and then, after a moment of traumatic wheezing, he goes on walking, talking, attempting to bamboozle his assailant with ersatz charm. Taste test … Howard installs Julia (Julia Fox) in his cheesily decorated bachelor pad But Howard is robbing Peter to pay Paul, in such a way that Peter and Paul are eventually going to take turns holding him down while the other beats the daylight out of him. His whole life is a pyramid scheme of dishonesty, in which the victim is himself. And all the time the film is in a state of deafening cacophonous uproar: the white noise in poor Howards head is displaced into the streets, the clubs, the sports arenas where his terrible humiliation is to be played out. Its a cinema of pure energy and grungy voltage, and the Safdies make it look very easy. This will be the years most exciting film. You can take that to the bank. • Uncut Gems is released in the UK on 10 January and on Netflix on 31 January.

M4ufree Watch: Uncut Gems (2019) Uncut Gems (2019) Synopsis: A charismatic New York City jeweler always on the lookout for the next big score, makes a series of high-stakes bets that could lead to the windfall of a lifetime. Howard must perform a precarious high-wire act, balancing business, family, and encroaching adversaries on all sides, in his relentless pursuit of the ultimate win. Quality: HD Category: movies, Comedy, Crime, Drama, USA, HD 720p, 123movies, putlocker, movies 2019, m4ufree, Director: Benny Safdie If your connection is slow, please pause the movie for 1-3 minutes then continue, it will run smoothly without lagging/buffering. Link 1 Please switch all servers! Please email: email protected] if you can not watch this movie, We'll fix asap! Thank you! Storyline: A charismatic New York City jeweler always on the lookout for the next big score, makes a series of high-stakes bets that could lead to the windfall of a lifetime. Howard must perform a precarious high-wire act, balancing business, family, and encroaching adversaries on all sides, in his relentless pursuit of the ultimate win.

It's cool when Conan has real-life friends on the show.

Kevins reaction I guess im kevin I died lmao

You know he was going to kill him after the way he looked at him 5 minutes before prior as he was sitting down and looked up and smirked. I'm just here cause of XO. This one reminded me so much of Bergman's Persona.

 

I like seeing the whole interview in one video! Thank you. Oh man never thought the Sandpitt would manifest before my eyes. I never pictured these two actors interacting with each other publicly. it's pretty cool and awesome.

İzlenir. Not every idea should be made into a movie, some are better off as a 60 second sketch for instagram. Άκοπο ΔιÎμάντin a new. This is the speech LMAO.

Note to self: be yourself. wait, who is this then. Άκοπο ΔιÎμάντin english. He sweat the continents onto his shirt. LOVE that dude at end, don't-judge-book-by-its-cover guy, dude who basically saved Julia's hide; lovely character; very Zelmo, hahaha, of Minnie & Moskowitz.

YouTube. Fantastic Mr. Fox. Fantastic Julia Fox. Julia Fox you clever you. New York, 2012. Jeweler Howard Ratner gets himself into big trouble when he loans an uncut, extremely rare diamond from Ethiopia to celebrity NBA basketball player Kevin Garnett. His problems stack up like in a cliff-edge game of Jenga with himself, until he can see no way out. With absolutely everything at stake, he takes one last desperate gamble to avoid ruin. After Heaven Knows What and Good Time, brothers Josh and Benny Safdie return to their beloved New York City for a scintillating crime-thriller populated by remarkable characters. Adam Sandler plays the role of his life as Howard, reminding us why he is one of the best actors of our era. As independent American filmmakers, the dynamic Safdie duo follow in the footsteps of Cassavetes and Scorsese, here presenting a tour de force guaranteed to have you on the edge of your seat. Screenings Sat 25 Jan 16:30 - 18:45 de Doelen Grote Zaal Tickets Tue 28 Jan 21:30 - 23:45 Pathé 1 Wed 29 Jan 09:30 - 11:45 KINO 1 Filmmaker Benny Safdie, Josh Safdie Country USA Year 2019 Medium DCP Length 134 Language English Producer Sebastian Bear-McClard, Oscar Boyson, Scott Rudin, Eli Bush Production Company Elara Pictures, Scott Rudin Productions Sales A24 Writer Ronald Bronstein, Josh Safdie, Benny Safdie Cinematography Darius Khondji Editor Ronald Bronstein, Benny Safdie Production Design Sam Lisenco Music Daniel Lopatin Cast Adam Sandler, Lakeith Stanfield, Julia Fox, Idina Menzel, Judd Hirsch.

Bandes-annonces Casting Critiques spectateurs Critiques presse Photos VOD Blu-Ray, DVD Spectateurs 3, 8 234 notes dont 30 critiques noter: 0. 5 1 1. 5 2 2. 5 3 3. 5 4 4. 5 5 Envie de voir Rédiger ma critique Synopsis et détails Un propriétaire de bijouterie, au sein de Diamond District à New York, et revendeur à ses heures perdues, voit sa vie bouleversée lorsque sa marchandise est volée. Distributeur Netflix France Voir les infos techniques 2:17 Acteurs et actrices Casting complet et équipe technique Critique Presse CinemaTeaser Libération Cahiers du Cinéma Ecran Large Elle Le Nouvel Observateur Les Inrockuptibles La Septième Obsession Chaque magazine ou journal ayant son propre système de notation, toutes les notes attribuées sont remises au barême de AlloCiné, de 1 à 5 étoiles. Retrouvez plus d'infos sur notre page Revue de presse pour en savoir plus. 8 articles de presse Critiques Spectateurs Une baffe cosmique Après des films mélancoliques comme Daddy Longlegs ou Mad Love in New York, les frères Safdie avaient opéré un changement + violent avec Good Time en 2017. Avec Uncut Gems, les 2 réalisateurs citent Lumet, Altman, Cassavetes ou encore Scorsese pour aller encore plus loin, et le résultat est tout simplement sensationnel. On y suit donc Howard Ratner, un joaillier au tempérament d'électron libre, qui va faire... Lire plus On ny comprend rien mais ce nest pas grave, cest de la magouille en spectacle, de la magouille qui se met en scène et qui braille, qui saute dune bijouterie à une autre, qui parie des sommes astronomiques sur des matchs de basketball qui perdent aussitôt en art du sport ce quils gagnent en réceptacle des malversations financières. La caméra ne lâche pas le personnage dHoward Ratner, ici campé par un Adam Sandler... Découverts avec le thriller urbain original et novateur “Good Times », avec cette atmosphère nocturne new-yorkaise si bien rendue et son impression durgence perpétuelle, les frères Safdie reviennent avec une œuvre encore plus particulière mais qui semble être la récolte des graines semées avec leur précédent film. En plus extrême. Trop extrême. En effet, « Uncut Gems » dure deux heures et quinze minutes, mais elles sont... Je nai pas apprécié le film, trop de longueur, on sait que ça va mal tourner après chaque action de Howard même la fin on sy attend complètement soit il perd le pari soit il meurt mal grès tout cétait tout vu de plus je nai pas forcément trouvé les doses dhumour vraiment terribles... Voilà mon avis il est sûrement discutable mais cest ce que je pense à chaud après visionnage. 30 Critiques Spectateurs 13 Photos Dernières news 11 news sur ce film Si vous aimez ce film, vous pourriez aimer... Voir plus de films similaires Pour découvrir d'autres films: Les meilleurs films de l'année 2019, Les meilleurs films Thriller, Meilleurs films Thriller en 2019. Commentaires.

Άκοπο διαμάντι ταινία. Άκοπο διαμάντι. Ksisisiks. Looks like cave themes of nintendo 64 games. Uncut Gems is a great addicting claustrophobic film that Sandler plays his performance more potential and more believable than having him as a suck up bad comedy flicks from the recent years; however, this was by far the best one even playing a piece of shit who sells and make bad deals for lending money who dealing the wrong side can be a tense experience. Too bad that he didnt get nominated this year and I dont know why the Academy didnt like the Safdie bros of their own filmmaking decisions because they hate weird and fast paste movies? That's a let down for the Academy. You suck white rich dudes! Go do your white dancing like Honest Trailer make fun of you.

My number 1 surprise awesomeness is Fighting With My Family. That's still in my top 3 of the year.

Seen the movie last night and he dies at the end

Is the blood that splattered onto the glass and floor cleaned up?😂.

 

 

 

Uncut Gems - by Mason Kim, February 10, 2020

9.7/ 10stars

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Rating 2892 Vote 169minutes directed by Anil Ravipudi Creator Anil Ravipudi, Anil Ravipudi Stars Rashmika Mandanna. Bokka antha overaction 🙏🙏🙏. It Looks like Rowdy baby(maari 2) Song setup. Okay. I admit. I am here after tiktok 🙄🙄🙄🙄. Ha baba baba baba Abbai yentha muddhu gunnade. Muddhu gunnade muddhu gunnade. Akasam andhutanda yentha yentha yetthu gunnade. Yetthu gunnade... yetthu gunnade. Allavdin deepam nunchi vachadanukunta. Alladinchade oora kanta. Pilladu bugga Simla apple anukunta. Dorakale kani koriki tinta. Chupullo dachinade yedo tuta. Nannita kalchinade Tha tha tha tha He is so cute. He is so sweet. He is soo handsome. He is so cool. He is soo hot. He is just awesome. Kodinitta,thannukelle,gaddalle. Chepanitta ethukelle kongalle. Sothumita kollagotte dongalle. Dogilinchi vennela docheyale. Vedi pakkanute chaalu nanne chusi Aadajathi kallaninda full jealousy Maatallo dachinade atom bomb moota Naa kompa kulchinade Tha tha tha tha He is so cute. He is so sweet. He is so hand some. He is so cool. He is so hot. He is just awesome. Vere vere gummadi pandu... vere mogudevade. Buggalu rendu jamapandu pandu laga unna vede. Poddunoste muddhu coffee isthale. Lunchkosthe hug meals pedatha le. Rathrikosthe bed meeda. Idhicoo ammai. Abba bread jam dinner thinipisthale. Cheeralodhu nagalu vaddhu amma naku. Vedi pillalaki ammanu avvaledu. Magavadi andam meda lede okka pata. Vedi mundu andam kuda. Tha tha tha tha. He is so cute. He is so sweet... He is so handsome... He is so cool... He is so hot. He is just awesome. He is so cute. He is so sweet... He is so handsome. He is so cool. He is so hot. He is just awesome. 😊😊.

లేడి సూపర్ స్టార్ స్పీచ్ అద్భుతం. No one can beet U Devi U R Awesome. Milk boy and milk beauty superb dance vesaru Milk🍼 couple dance nachina vallu like escondi 😍😍😍 👍👍👍. Ultra beautiful song full of extra emotions. ❤. మహేష్ అన్నయ ని ఎలా చూస్తుంటే ఇంకో 40 ఇయర్స్ ఎలనే వుంటారు love u Mahesh అన్నయ, 😍😍😍😍😍. Exllent music by dsp nd lyrics super.

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story=British trenches somewhere in France. World war has been going on for the third year, heroic illusions have dissipated; general mood - boredom and fatigue. Stuff the belly, sleep, return home to Christmas Eve. On another quiet day, when nothing happens, two young soldiers, Blake and Schofield, are summoned to the general, who instructs them to send an important message to Colonel MacKenzie in the Second Devonshire Battalion, whose telephone connection was cut off by the enemy

Duration=119 Min

Average ratings=9 of 10 Stars

country=Spain

Sam Mendes

 

I dont get why people say the characterisations are not strong enough. I was on an emotional ride. And i watched it twice. ~weqr554645. British imperialism fighting for democracy🤔🤔🤔🤔😂😂😂😂😂. I didn't know Gordon Ramsey was in the military 🤔. 1917 full movie مترجم. I just have returned from watching this in IMAX. Just wanted to say what an amazing film. It kept me riveted all the way through. I would highly recommend.

What you guys commented are true. Its like Star Wars Stormtroopers haha. Great movie. Loved it. Now off to listen to Dan Carlins Blueprint to Armageddon. again, again, and again. 1917 full movie free online 2019 putlocker. 1917 full movie hd. 1917 full movie youtube free. 1917 full movie free. ΔΩΡΕΑΝ ΠΑΡΑΔΟΣΗ Προσθήκη στο Καλάθι Εξατομικευμένη χάραξη + 13  + 3  + 4  Μέγεθος μη διαθέσιμο (out of stock) Θα ήθελες να σ' ενημερώσουμε όταν θα είναι και πάλι διαθέσιμο αυτό το μέγεθος; Αρκεί να μας δώσεις το email και τον αριθμό τηλεφώνου σου. Μόλις το έχουμε ξανά σε stock, θα σε ενημερώσουμε άμεσα! Λυπούμαστε που το μαθαίνουμε Πες μας ποιο είναι το μέγεθος που επιθυμείς ώστε να βελτιωθούμε στο μέλλον. Δωρεάν αποστολή για αυτό το προϊόν πολιτική επιστροφής 365 ημερών (ανεξαρτήτως λόγου) Σχέδιο με λιοντάρι που βρυχάται Σώμα δαχτυλιδιού από ατόφιο ασήμι Περιλαμβάνεται κομψό πουγκάκι κοσμήματος ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΦΗ / ΜΕΓΕΘΟΣ Κριτικές Πελατών (1) Πώς μπορώ να μάθω το μέγεθος του δαχτυλιδιού μου; Πώς μπορώ να μάθω το μέγεθος του δαχτυλιδιού μου; Κριτικές Πελατών (1) Νιώσε δυνατός και γενναίος φορώντας το σύμβολο με το λιοντάρι που βρυχάται! Το σώμα του δαχτυλιδιού του είναι από ασήμι 925 βαθμών και έχει ορθογώνια πρόσοψη με ένα εντυπωσιακό κεφάλι λιονταριού, το απόλυτο σύμβολο δύναμης και θάρρους... Το συγκεκριμένο δαχτυλίδι είναι από ατόφιο ασήμι και αποτελεί το τέλειο δώρο για όποιον αγαπάει τα σχέδια με άγρια ζώα. Αποστέλλεται σε ένα κομψό πουγκάκι κοσμήματος με την υπογραφή της Northern Jewlery! ID: 10683 Ασήμι 925 βαθμών Συνολική πρόσοψη: 1, 5 x 1 εκ. Το δαχτυλίδι είναι 4 χιλ. στο στενότερο σημείο του Προϊόντα από την ίδια κατηγορία Προτεινόμενα για σένα Περιγραφή Νιώσε δυνατός και γενναίος φορώντας το σύμβολο με το λιοντάρι που βρυχάται! Το σώμα του δαχτυλιδιού του είναι από ασήμι 925 βαθμών και έχει ορθογώνια πρόσοψη με ένα εντυπωσιακό κεφάλι λιονταριού, το απόλυτο σύμβολο δύναμης και θάρρους... ID: 10683 Υλικό Ασήμι 925 βαθμών Διαστάσεις Συνολική πρόσοψη: 1, 5 x 1 εκ. Το δαχτυλίδι είναι 4 χιλ. στο στενότερο σημείο του Κριτικές Πελατών Δες μεταφρασμένες κριτικές από Google Translate (1) από αγοραστές του εξωτερικού Προβολή περισσότερων Βρες το σωστό μέγεθος δαχτυλιδιού Η δοκιμή του σπάγγου Κόψε ένα μικρό κομμάτι κορδόνι ή κορδελίτσα Για ακριβή μέτρηση, τύλιξέ το γύρω από το δάχτυλό σου Μη τυλίξεις πολύ σφιχτά, αλλά τόσο ώστε να το νιώθεις άνετα Εκεί που το κορδόνι ολοκληρώνει τον κύκλο, σημείωσέ το με ένα μαρκαδόρο ή μολύβι Μέτρησε την απόσταση μεταξύ της αρχής και του σημείου που μάρκαρες ώστε να βρεις τη περιφέρεια του δαχτύλου σου (EU μέγεθος) Αγόρασε το δαχτυλίδι που επιθυμείς: Κάνε κλικ εδώ για να δεις ή να εκτυπώσεις τον οδηγό μέτρησης δαχτυλιδιού.

1917 full movie free download. 1917 (2019) FULL MOVIE. Γράμμα από το Δουβλίνο. Αναμνήσεις από τη Βέροια. Οι βρύσες της πόλης μου. Του Παντελή Γουλάρα    Όταν ήμασταν πιτσιρικάδες, όλη μας η δραστηριότητα έξω από το σπίτι, στα παιχνίδια μας αλλά και στις ώρες της ξεκούρασης, ήταν γύρω από μια δημόσια βρύση. Οι δημόσιες βρύσες είναι ένα από τα χαρακτηριστικά της Βέροιας. Έρχονται από πολύ παλιά, όταν τρεχούμενο νερό δεν υπήρχε μέσα στα σπίτια. Οι κάτοικοι κάθε γειτονιάς τροφοδοτούνταν με νερό απ' αυτές τις δημόσιες βρύσες. Το νερό έρχονταν από τις δυο βασικές πηγές του Βερμίου που τροφοδοτούσαν την πόλη, το Ακ-σου ή Άξιο όπως το έλεγαν μερικοί ή Ασπρονέρι και το Καρά-σου ή Μαυρονέρι. Έρεε ελεύθερα και γέμιζε τις στέρνες μπροστά στις βρύσες. Γύρω απ' αυτές τις στέρνες συνήθως στήναμε τις παρέες μας.    Στα παιδικά μου χρόνια, θυμάμαι ακόμα κάποια, ελάχιστα, από τα σπίτια της γειτονιάς που δεν είχαν δικό τους τρεχούμενο νερό και χρησιμοποιούσαν το νερό της δημόσιας βρύσης. Έτσι κι αλλιώς η χρέωση γινόταν από το Δήμο με ένα σταθερό ποσό για κάθε νοικοκυριό. Όταν ο Δήμος υποχρέωσε όλους να βάλουν μετρητές τότε εγκαταστάθηκαν και παροχές στα ελάχιστα σπίτια που είχαν απομείνει. Αργότερα άρχισαν να μπαίνουν και κάνουλες σε κάποιες από τις βρύσες κι έτσι σταμάτησε η ελεύθερη ροή του νερού. Γράμμα από το Δουβλίνο. Στενοχώρησα τον Ελύτη μας... Θεσσαλονίκη. Νοέμβρης δεκαεπτά του χίλια εννιακόσια ογδόντα ένα. Ένα μήνα μετά τις εκλογές που έδωσαν την συντριπτική νίκη στο ΠΑΣΟΚ και στον Ανδρέα Παπανδρέου. Βράδυ. Στην πλατεία Αγίας Σοφίας μια από τις μαζικότερες συγκεντρώσεις για την επέτειο του Πολυτεχνείου. Ίσως η μαζικότερη. Την ίδια ώρα, στην Εγνατία, μέσα σ ένα αστικό της γραμμής 8 (ή 31; κατευθύνομαι προς το Λιμάνι. Όλη η πόλη διαδηλώνει κι εγώ παρουσιάζομαι στο στρατό.    Τόπος παρουσίασης, το Κέντρο Διερχομένων Θεσσαλονίκης, στο Λιμάνι. Δεν είναι η πρώτη φορά που πάω στο στρατό. Για πρώτη φορά πήγα τον Αύγουστο του 1979 μετά τη διακοπή της φοιτητικής αναβολής. Εξ αιτίας όμως κάποιου παλιού προβλήματος υγείας, μια δεύτερη αναβολή για δυο χρόνια μ έφερε την μέρα αυτή 17/11/1981 να ξαναντύνομαι στο χακί.    Λίγες μέρες στο κέντρο διερχομένων και στις 25 του Νοέμβρη στο Κιλκίς για εκπαίδευση στο στρατόπεδο «Καμπάνη». Μόνος ανάμεσα στους φαντάρους της προηγούμενης σειράς, γιατί η δική μου σειρά θα κατατάσσονταν σε καμιά βδομάδα. Μετά μάλιστα από δυο-τρεις μέρες (όταν όλοι πήγαν στις μονάδες τους) έμεινα εντελώς μόνος να τριγυρνάω άσκοπα στο άδειο κτίριο του λόχου περιμένοντας τους φαντάρους της σειράς μου. Γράμμα από την Κύπρο. Κείνη την "παραπανήσια αγάπη. Χριστουγεννιάτικο Διήγημα Του Βασίλη Χαραλάμπους - Αυτό το παιδί αλλιώτικο έγινε Στάθη. Να φεύγει μόλις αρχινίσουν οι διαφημίσεις στα παιδικά προγράμματα; Μα γιατί να φεύγει; Είναι ν απορείς Δέσπω. Μονάχα παιχνίδια διαφημίζουν, τίποτα άλλο. Ακριβώς. Δεν καταλαβαίνω. Να, που μονάχα παιχνίδια διαφημίζουν. Δεν σε καταλαβαίνω Στάθη. Περίεργο μου φαίνεται Δέσπω, για τούτο συλλογιέμαι… Δηλαδή; Μήπως η ευαίσθητη ψυχή του άλλα συλλογίστηκε; Τι; Να, ξέρω; Λες αιτία νάναι τα φτωχοπαίδια που τόσες φορές αναρωτήθηκε γιατί να διαφημίζουν τόσα παιχνίδια; «Δεν λυπούνται τα φτωχοπαίδια έλεγε και ξανάλεγε». Λες; Δεν αποκλείεται. Γράμμα από την Κύπρο. Παραπανήσια Έγνοια. Ποίημα Ακόμη στ ακρόγιαλο οι δυό γεροψαράδες ιχθύες αγρεύουν. Στα σχοινοδίκτυα τρύπες πάμπολλες τις έγνοιες δεν κρατούνε αρμοί ' ναι που μαζεύουνε τους λιγοστούς ιχθύες. (Ψαράδες - Πίνακας του Βάσου Γερμενή) Γράμμα από την Κύπρο. Το έρμο τούτο πλήθος. Ποίημα Αλήθεια πόσο περίτεχνα κάποτε στην πολύβουη πολιτεία το καθημερινό συναπάντημα αλλιώτικα πάθια ξεσκεπάζει. Δημηγόροι πάθια αλλότρια διαλαλώντας περίεργα τα πλήθη σαγηνεύουν. (Ο Περικλής αγορεύων στην Πνύκα - πίνακας του Philipp von Foltz) Γράμμα από την Κύπρο. Μηδέ απορούντες. Ποίημα Ετούτος ο λαός συλλαβίζει ακόμη στη χλαλοή των λεωφόρων «φεύγε πολέμιον δανειστήν» φεύγε εξ εσπερίας άφιλον δανειστήν. Τόσες φορές τοπε τούτο ο Πλούταρχος με κείνη τη σιγουριά για τ απογεννίδια. Letter from Dublin. Washing hands (Ordinary Things) By Pantelis Goularas    Common things, daily things. Things I use to do every day. The daily morning hygiene. What made me decide, when washing my hands, start to examine them? Staring at them like I never see them before. Like I see them for first time, today. Like they were not my useful tools, all this time till now. Strange things.    When did all these veins appear on the back of the hands? Swelling distinctively on each hand, with a little green, a little blue color. On my left hand they are like a real whole tree. With the tree trunk, that covers till the middle of the hand and the branches, branching out, right and left and each of them, separately, form each particular finger. On my right hand the veins are different and they are not so simple like the left ones. They are like a bush with complex branches. I don't know from where they start and where they end. But, one thing is absolutely sure. For a total of sixty two years they continue to transfer my blood from the fingers to the heart, participating this way, in the miracle of life. (From the) Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Ιστορίες από το Κακοσούλι. Μπάλα Του Ανδρέα Μαρολαχάκη    Μπάλα!    Ίσως η μοναδική λέξη που ασκούσε μια μαγεία και μια απίστευτη έλξη, σε όλους τους πιτσιρικάδες της γειτονιάς, τότε λίγο πριν τελειώσουμε το δημοτικό σχολείο. Παρ όλο που δεν είχαμε πολλές παραστάσεις, από επίσημα παιχνίδια ποδοσφαίρου, γιατί ήταν ελάχιστες οι φορές είχαμε παρακολουθήσει αγώνες πρωταθλήματος. Εμείς γοητευόμασταν, από τους τότε, σχεδόν μυθικούς στα μάτια μας, ήρωες των γηπέδων. Η μόνη μας επαφή με αυτούς, ήταν οι φωτογραφίες τους, που βρίσκαμε σε περιτυλίγματα με καραμέλες και που αν συμπληρώναμε με αύξοντα αριθμό τις φωτογραφίες τους, κερδίζαμε μια μπάλα. Σαν σε όνειρο, θυμάμαι πως η πιο δυσεύρετη, ήταν το νο 15 που απεικόνιζε τον Δομάζο του Παναθηναϊκού, η οποία, είχε και την σφραγίδα εγκυρότητας, του παιχνιδιού. Ενώ αντιθέτως αυτή που έβρισκες συνήθως, ήταν του Καλιοτζή, παίκτη του Άρη και συνήθως δεν είχε καμία αξία, στις μεταξύ μας συναλλαγές. Υπήρχαν τότε πολλά παιδιά, που είχαν συμπληρωμένες δύο και τρεις συλλογές, των παικτών, χωρίς όμως να έχουν στην κατοχή τους, το νο 15 που θα τους έδινε το βραβείο. Το έπαθλο ήταν μια μπάλα ποδοσφαίρου, αρκετά καλοφτιαγμένη, με δυνατότητα να την φουσκώνουμε όποτε θέλαμε, με μια βελόνα σύριγγας. Σήμερα φαντάζομαι, πως κανένα παιδί, δεν θα έδινε σημασία, σε ένα τέτοιο τρόπαιο, αλλά για μας, εκείνη την εποχή, ήταν άπιαστο όνειρο. Έτσι στην προσπάθεια μας, να κερδίσουμε στον διαγωνισμό ξοδεύαμε όλο μας σχεδόν το χαρτζιλίκι, αγοράζοντας αυτού του είδους τις καραμέλες. Αν και δεν είχαμε ακούσει ποτέ, κάποιος γνωστός μας, να έχει κερδίσει και να συμπληρώσει όλο τον αριθμό των παικτών, εμείς ελπίζαμε, ο καθένας για τον εαυτό του, ότι θα μας ευνοούσε η τύχη και θα είχαμε την δυνατότητα να κερδίσουμε τον διαγωνισμό. Γράμμα από την Κύπρο. Ασάλευτος από κείνη την χλεύη - Η άλλη μεγαλωσύνη Ασάλευτος από κείνη την χλεύη. Μη φοβηθείς ανασηκώσου κοίταξε όσο μακριά μπορείς κι αν τόσο περίεργο φαντάζει. Όσο μακρύτερα μπορείς ν΄αγναντεύεις πείσμα νικητήριον θαναι για το προχώρεμα. να΄σαι από κείνη την χλεύη ασάλευτος από κείνη την καταφρόνια από κείνη την ανώφελη δόξα. Γράμμα από τη Θεσσαλονίκη. Ο κύριος Οικονόμου Της Ελένης Δημητριάδου    Ψηλός, εύσωμος, ελαφρά κυρτωμένος, βλοσυρός, με πλατύ μέτωπο, γαμψή μύτη, και μια κρεατοελιά. Το αντίπαλο δέος της κυρίας Γιόλας. Μπήκε στην τάξη μας μόλις φύγαμε από τη «στοργική» της αγκαλιά και γέμισε με τη φυσική του παρουσία και το ταπεραμέντο του το χώρο. Μας άντεξε για δύο συνεχόμενες χρονιές, την Τετάρτη και Πέμπτη του 1 ου Δημοτικού Σχολείου Βέροιας.    Από την αρχή κατάλαβα ότι όχι μόνο δε θα με είχε στα όπα-όπα όπως η κυρία Γιόλα, αλλά αντίθετα ότι καθόλου καλά δεν θα τα πηγαίναμε οι δυο μας. Και σαν να μην έφταναν αυτά, ανακαλύπτω ότι είναι συμπατριώτης της μαμάς. Από τον Άγιο Πρόδρομο της Χαλκιδικής αυτός, από τον Πολύγυρο η μαμά. Που σημαίνει: «Πρόσεχε μικρή, σε έχω υπό στενή παρακολούθηση. Αλίμονο σου αν δω κάτι που δε μου αρέσει». Εγώ έτσι τουλάχιστον εξέλαβα αυτή τη σχέση με την οικογένειά μου. Η δαμόκλειος σπάθη που κρεμόταν καθ εκάστην πάνω από το εφησυχασμένο μέχρι τότε κεφαλάκι μου.    Βέβαια είναι γεγονός πως όταν «ελευθερώθηκα» από το άγρυπνο και γεμάτο εμμονική συμπάθεια και εύνοια βλέμμα της κυρίας Γιόλας, χαλάρωσα η φουκαριάρα και είπα να βγάλω το σκανταλιάρικο εαυτό μου. Τι πειράγματα στα άλλα παιδιά, τι χαζόγελα μέσα στην τάξη, τι «εξυπνάδες» αμολούσα ήταν άλλο πράγμα. Ασυγκράτητη σου λέω. Ουφ! Φτου ξελευτεριά! Ετούτος εδώ δε φαίνεται να με συμπαθεί ιδιαίτερα, οπότε μάλλον θα με αφήσει στην ησυχία μου να κάνω κι εγώ τις σκανταλιές που στερήθηκα ένα χρόνο πριν, εγκλωβισμένη στο ρόλο του καλού κοριτσιού. Δηλαδή τι σκανταλιές; Μικρο-πταίσματα μπροστά σ αυτά που έκαναν άλλοι, και κυρίως τ αγόρια. Γράμμα από την Κύπρο. Ninapenda (Ποίημα) φωτογραφία Βασίλη Χαραλάμπους) Κι αναρρωτιέμαι ακόμη από κείνη την περιδιάβαση Τανζανία με τ΄αβάσταχτο λιοπύρι πότε αλήθεια πέρασα τη λίμνη Βικτώρια το αψηλό Κιλιμάντζαρο κείνο τ΄ αγροκάλυβο πλάι στο ποτάμι από την Ταγκανίκα. Γράμμα από το Δουβλίνο. Πλένοντας τα χέρια (Συνηθισμένα πράγματα)    Συνηθισμένα πράγματα. Ό, τι κάνω κάθε μέρα. Η καθημερινή πρωινή υγιεινή. Τι μ' έπιασε σήμερα κι άρχισα, την ώρα που τα έπλενα, να περιεργάζομαι τα χέρια μου; Τα κοιτάζω σαν να μην τα έχω δει ποτέ πριν. Σαν να τα βλέπω πρώτη φορά σήμερα. Σαν να μην ήταν τα καθημερινά μου εργαλεία όλον αυτόν το καιρό. Παράξενα πράγματα.    Πότε εμφανίστηκαν τόσες πολλές φλέβες στην πλάτη τους; Φουσκώνουν και ξεχωρίζουν σε κάθε χέρι, μ' ένα χρώμα λίγο πρασινωπό, λίγο γαλάζιο. Στο αριστερό χέρι σχηματίζουν ένα ολόκληρο κανονικό δέντρο. Με τον κορμό του, που φτάνει μέχρι τη μέση του χεριού και τα κλαδιά του που διακλαδίζονται δεξιά κι αριστερά για να χωριστούν στη συνέχεια και το καθένα του να σχηματίσει ξεχωριστά το κάθε δάχτυλο. Αντίθετα στο δεξί χέρι δεν έχουν την απλότητα του αριστερού. Ένας θάμνος με κλαδιά μπλεγμένα είναι. Δεν ξέρω από πού αρχίζουν και πού τελειώνουν. Ένα πράγμα είναι σίγουρο. Για εξήντα δύο ολόκληρα χρόνια συνεχίζουν να μεταφέρουν το αίμα από τα ακροδάχτυλα πίσω στην καρδιά συμμετέχοντας έτσι με τον τρόπο τους στο θαύμα της ζωής. Γράμμα από το Δουβλίνο. Τα τσογλάνια, οι αλήτες. Μια μαρτυρία. Τα τσογλάνια! Οι αλήτες! Τους στέλνουν οι γονείς να σπουδάσουν κι αυτοί μου κάνουν καταλήψεις! Ρε μέσα όλοι!    Κοιτάω αυτόν που μιλάει. Γνωστή φάτσα τον βλέπω κάθε μέρα στο μαγαζάκι του Χάρη και της Αθηνάς, ένα παντοπωλείο-γαλακτοζαχαροπλαστείο, που βρίσκεται στη οδό Αρμενοπούλου, στην καρδιά της φοιτητογειτονιάς που ορίζεται γύρω – γύρω από την Εγνατία, την Πανεπιστημίου, την Αγίου Δημητρίου και την Αποστόλου Παύλου, και περιλαμβάνει μέσα της, την Καμάρα και τη Ροτόντα. Γνωστή φάτσα, τον βλέπω κάθε μέρα να κάθεται εκεί μέσα και να κουτσοπίνει τσίπουρο ή ρετσίνα, συνήθως τύφλα στο μεθύσι, να μιλάει μπερδεύοντας τα λόγια του.    Σήμερα όμως είναι σχεδόν νηφάλιος. Τα μάτια του πετάνε φωτιές, δεν μασάει τα λόγια του. Δείχνει ξεκάθαρα ποιος είναι. Γιατί, όλοι ξέρουν ποιος είναι ο Χρήστος. Απότακτος χωροφύλακας, ένα ρεμάλι και μισό, συστηματικός μπεκρής, μα πάνω απ' όλα με συμμετοχή στα γεγονότα της δολοφονίας του Λαμπράκη, για την οποία καμαρώνει και δεν χάνει ευκαιρία, εθνικόφρονας αυτός, να κοκορεύεται πώς “τα έδωσε να καταλάβουν τα κομμούνια”.    Αρπάχτηκα. “Τι είν' αυτά που λες;” του φώναξα. “Τους γνωρίζεις; Γνωρίζεις γιατί παλεύουν; Ποια είναι τα αιτήματά τους;” Σηκώθηκε αγριεμένος. “Δεν θα μου πεις εμένα αν τους ξέρω” μου απάντησε. Τόσα χρόνια στη χωροφυλακή τους έμαθα”. “Κι άλλα τόσα χαφιές! ” ήταν η δική μου αντίδραση.    Το πράγμα χόντρυνε. Ο Κώστας από δίπλα με τράβηξε για να μην έχουμε άλλα. Φύγαμε, για την κατάληψη. Γράμμα από τη Θεσσαλονίκη. Οι γιαγιάδες του κέντρου    Οι γιαγιάδες αποτελούν μια πολύ ενδιαφέρουσα και συμπαθή ομάδα ανάμεσα στους κατοίκους του κέντρου της Θεσσαλονίκης. Αυτές οι γηραιές κυρίες έχουν μάθει να συμβιώνουν με επιτυχία ανάμεσα σε φοιτητές και οικονομικούς μετανάστες του πρώην ανατολικού μπλοκ, και δίνουν μια νότα ζεστασιάς, μια τελευταία αίσθηση της γειτονιάς στο κέντρο της πόλης μας, που αν και πολύβουο και πυκνοδομημένο, εξακολουθεί να παραμένει κατοικήσιμο και ελκυστικό για επισκέπτες και κατοίκους.    Συνήθως ζουν μόνες τους, συμμετέχουν στην καθημερινότητα της πόλης, πηγαίνουν στην εκκλησία τις Κυριακές, ψωνίζουν στο σούπερ μάρκετ, στο μανάβικο και στο φαρμακείο της γειτονιάς, και εισπράττουν τη σύνταξή τους στο υποκατάστημα της τράπεζας που είναι σχεδόν δίπλα στο σπίτι τους. Επισκέπτονται τακτικά τους γιατρούς τους στα κοντινά τους ιατρεία και κάνουν ανελλιπώς τα εμβόλια και τις εξετάσεις τους. Σπάνια έχουν συγγενείς ή φίλες που τις επισκέπτονται, περνούν ευχάριστα το πρωινό τους έξω από το σπίτι, πιάνουν κουβέντα με πωλήτριες και υπαλλήλους, προσπαθώντας απεγνωσμένα να επικοινωνήσουν, μιλούν πολύ εύκολα για την οικογένεια τους, παιδιά και εγγόνια, ή θυμούνται ιστορίες από το παρελθόν. Τα βράδια κλείνονται νωρίς μέσα με μοναδική συντροφιά την τηλεόραση. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Η ελιά και η «εληά» Της Άρτεμης Καλογήρου    Αγαπημένη καθημερινή μου απασχόληση είναι το μαγείρεμα. Κυρίαρχο συστατικό στην Παρασκευή του φαγητού είναι το ελαιόλαδο, βασικό στοιχείο της Μεσογειακής διατροφής. Η ελιά παρέχει στον οργανισμό φυτικές ίνες, μέταλλα και είναι πηγή βιταμίνης “Ε” που είναι φυσικό αντιοξειδωτικό. Το ελαιόλαδο πέρα από το φαγητό χρησιμοποιείται για θεραπευτικούς σκοπούς, αλλά και για προϊόντα καλλωπισμού.    Στην χώρα μας όπου κι αν ταξιδέψουμε και πλησιάσουμε στην θάλασσα, η ελιά, κυριαρχεί στο ελληνικό τοπίο. Ο ορίζοντας φωτίζεται μέρα και νύχτα από το χαρακτηριστικό ασημένιο γκριζοπράσινο χρώμα των φύλλων της. Από τις βόρειες περιοχές της χώρας μας και μέχρι τις πιο νότιες και τα νησιά μας, η ελαιοκαλλιέργεια είναι πηγή επιβίωσης. Τόσο οι βρώσιμες ελιές, όσο και το ελαιόλαδο είναι βασικό εξαγωγικό προϊόν, στην Ευρώπη και τα Βαλκάνια. Ειδικά την φετινή χρονιά οι συνθήκες που επικράτησαν τον τελευταίο χειμώνα, που το πολύ κρύο σκότωσε τα έντομα που καταστρέφουν την ελιά στο δένδρο, αλλά και οι βροχές, έδωσαν την δυνατότητα στο δένδρο να κάνει πολύ καρπό και αναμένεται να δώσει ανάσα στους παραγωγούς την σημερινή εποχή της οικονομικής κρίσης. Γράμμα από τη Θεσσαλονίκη. Οι κόρες των μαμάδων μας μαμάδες της γενιάς μου μας εγκαταλείπουν σιγά-σιγά, αφήνοντας πίσω τους κόρες και γιους, τη γενιά «σάντουιτς», που έπρεπε από το ένα μέρος να ανταποκριθούν στα αυστηρά συντηρητικά στερεότυπα που αυτές δημιούργησαν, και συγχρόνως να προσαρμοστούν στις δραματικά σύγχρονες απαιτήσεις της γενιάς των δικών τους παιδιών. παιδιά αυτών των λατρεμένων μαμάδων, και κυρίως στις καταπιεσμένες κόρες τους, αφιερώνω τα παρακάτω κείμενα. Το όνομα στο κουδούνι Letter from Dublin. Morning breeze (Awakening of the senses) By Pantelis Goularas    Every morning. Every. Single. Morning. I do the same walk. I use to follow the same direction. Walking from the Dun Laoghaire Harbor to Martello Tower. A distance more than two kilometers and so much on going back. Passing by or meeting names, that sound strange in my ear. East Pier, Scotchman Bay, Newtownsmith, Marine Parade, Glasthule, Sandycove, Sandycove Harbor, Forty Foot, Martello Tower. How different in the first hearing, from the familiar Greek names, that I used to hear during the previous sixty years. Strange names in the beginning, but now, after two years of stay in Ireland, I started to get used to them. They became part of my life too. (The Dun Laoghaire-Sandycove coastline. Place of my daily morning walk) Γράμμα από το Δουβλίνο. Πρωινό αεράκι (Το ξύπνημα των αισθήσεων)    Κάθε πρωί. Κάθε ένα. Ξεχωριστό. Πρωινό. Κάνω την ίδια βόλτα. Ακολουθώ την ίδια διαδρομή. Περπατώ από το λιμάνι του Νταν Λέρι μέχρι τον πύργο του Μαρτέλο. Μια διαδρομή περισσοτέρων των δυο χιλιομέτρων και άλλων τόσων στην επιστροφή. Περνώντας από ή συναντώντας ονόματα που ακούγονται παράξενα στο αυτί μου. Ιστ Πίερ, Σκότσμαν Μπέι, Νιουτάουνσμιθ, Μαρίν Παρέιντ, Γκλάστουλ, Σάντικοβ, Σάντικοβ Χάρμπορ, Φόρτι Φουτ, Μαρτέλο Τάουερ. Πόσο διαφορετικά από τα οικεία ελληνικά ονόματα που συνήθιζα να ακούω τα προηγούμενα εξήντα χρόνια. Μου ακούγονταν ξένα στην αρχή αλλά σήμερα δυο χρόνια μετά, έχω αρχίσει να τα συνηθίζω κι αυτά, να τα θεωρώ κομμάτια από τη ζωή μου. (Το παραλιακό μέτωπο του Dun Laoghaire-Sandycove. Ο τόπος του καθημερινού πρωινού περιπάτου) Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Βύρων    Τότε με τους βώλους, παίζαμε πάρα πολλά παιχνίδια, είχαμε γυάλινους βώλους που ήταν και οι πιο συνηθισμένοι, επίσης πορσελάνινους βώλους, ενώ οι πιο φθηνοί ήταν οι πήλινοι, που τους είχαν βαμμένους, σε διάφορα έντονα χρώματα με λαδομπογιά. Αυτοί οι τελευταίοι, είχαν πολύ μικρή αξία, στις μεταξύ μας συναλλαγές, καθώς με ένα απλό κτύπημα έσπαζαν και διαλύονταν. Τους πορσελάνινους τους χρησιμοποιούσαμε, σαν μάνα ή σαν αλαμάδες όπως λέγαμε τότε, γιατί ήταν αποκλειστικά μεσαίου μεγέθους. Τους γυάλινους από ότι θυμάμαι του βρίσκαμε σε τρία μεγέθη και ήταν οι πιο συνηθισμένοι.    Ένα από τα πιο δημοφιλή παιχνίδια, ήταν το τριγωνάκι ή το δέλτα, όπως το λέγαμε μερικές φορές. Το έπαιζαν με δύο τουλάχιστον παίκτες, χωρίς όμως να αποκλείονται και οι περισσότεροι. Σχηματίζαμε με μια αιχμηρή πέτρα, ένα ισοσκελές τρίγωνο στο έδαφος, με μήκος πλευράς περίπου τα δώδεκα εκατοστά. Μέσα σε αυτό, ο κάθε παίχτης έβαζε, αναλόγως της συμφωνίας δυο – τρεις μπίλιες. Μετά σε απόσταση δέκα μέτρων περίπου χαράζαμε μια ευθεία γραμμή που ήταν η αφετηρία μας. Από το ύψος του τριγώνου, όσοι από μας θα παίζανε, έριχναν τις μάνες τους ή τους αλαμάδες προς την γραμμή αφετηρίας. Όποιος κατάφερνε να ρίξει τον αλαμά του, πιο κοντά στην γραμμή, είχε το πλεονέκτημα και ξεκινούσε πρώτος. Έβαζε τον βώλο του, στην χούφτα, κοντά στον διπλωμένο δείκτη του και με τον αντίχειρα τον έσπρωχνε προς το τριγωνάκι. Αν έπεφτε μέσα στο σχήμα και κτυπούσε κάποιον από τους ήδη υπάρχοντες βώλους και κατάφερνε να τον βγάλει εκτός περιγράμματος, αυτός αποτελούσε το κέρδος του νικητή. Αν πάλι η μάνα έμενε μέσα στο δέλτα, αυτομάτως αποτελούσε, μέρος της λείας του παιγνιδιού. Καθώς ο επόμενος παίκτης, εφ όσον κτυπούσε, τον αλαμά του προηγούμενου, έπαιρνε αμέσως όλη την κερδισμένη λεία, του προηγουμένου. Αυτό γινόταν συνεχώς, μέχρι να εξαντληθούν οι βώλοι, που ήταν μέσα στο τριγωνάκι. Αν και κανόνες ήταν απλοί και κατανοητοί, δεν έλειπαν οι καυγάδες μεταξύ των παικτών, αλλά και των υποστηρικτών τους, ανάλογα με τις συμπάθειες του καθενός. Γράμμα από το Δουβλίνο. Ένας χρόνος “Στείλε μου γράμμα”    Η αγάπη για μια πόλη που άφηνα μετά από εξήντα χρόνια για να μεταναστεύσω σ' έναν ξένο τόπο, ήταν αυτή που με παρακίνησε να ξεκινήσω αυτό το ιστολόγιο. Η αγάπη για την Βέροια, την πόλη όπου μεγάλωσα, πήγα σχολείο, ερωτεύτηκα, έκανα οικογένεια, η αγάπη για τη Βέροια που θα αποχωριζόμουν, για τη γειτονιά που μεγάλωσα, για τα σχολεία που φοίτησα, ήταν το φιτίλι που άναψε την επιθυμία να εκδηλώσω γραπτά τις αναμνήσεις μου απ' αυτήν. Αγάπη που μετά από λίγο καιρό απουσίας έγινε νοσταλγία, που βοήθησε να ξεπηδήσουν κι άλλες αναμνήσεις, κι άλλες ιστορίες.    Στις 24 Οκτωβρίου το ιστολόγιο συμπληρώνει ένα χρόνο ζωής. Σ' αυτόν το χρόνο έγιναν πολλά. Πρώτα πρώτα η θεματολογία άνοιξε. Κι ήταν πολύ φυσικό, αφού από την πρώτη στιγμή δηλώθηκε ότι δεν θα περιοριστεί μόνο στα δικά μου κείμενα, μόνο στη δικές μου αναμνήσεις. Σ' αυτό το διάστημα του ενός χρόνο αναρτήθηκαν 71 δημοσιεύσεις (χωρίς τη σημερινή) σε Ελληνική και Αγγλική γλώσσα, από 12 συνεργάτες (πλέον του διαχειριστή. Συνήθως υπήρχαν δύο δημοσιεύσεις ανά εβδομάδα (Δευτέρα και Πέμπτη. Οι αναγνώσεις των δημοσιεύσεων (επισκέψεις στο ιστολόγιο) ήταν πάνω από 73. 000. Οι αναγνώστες δεν είναι μόνο από την Ελλάδα αλλά από πολλές και διαφορετικές χώρες, προφανώς Έλληνες που ζουν σ' αυτές ή και κάποιοι αγγλόφωνοι για τις ιστορίες που δημοσιεύτηκαν σε αγγλική γλώσσα. Για την ιστορία αναφέρουμε ότι είχαμε αναγνώστες από 5 χώρες της Αμερικής, 14 χώρες της Ασίας (συμπεριλαμβανομένης της Τουρκίας) 7 χώρες της Αφρικής, 19 χώρες της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (συμπεριλαμβανομένης της Ελλάδας και της Κύπρου αλλά όχι της Βρετανίας) 13 χώρες της υπόλοιπης Ευρώπης (συμπεριλαμβανομένης εδώ της Βρετανίας, της Νήσου Μαν και του Γιβραλτάρ) και από την Αυστραλία. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Ο Χιονάνθρωπος χειρότερη εποχή του χρόνου, για μας τους πιτσιρικάδες εκείνης της εποχής, ήταν ο χειμώνας. Δεν ξέρω αν κάνω λάθος, αλλά έχω την εντύπωση, πως τότε οι χειμώνες, ήταν πιο άγριοι και πιο κρύοι. Θυμάμαι μια περίπτωση, από το πολύ κρύο του χειμώνα, έκλεισαν τα σχολεία για μερικές ημέρες, πράγμα που δεν μας δυσαρέστησε καθόλου. Το χιόνι που έπεφτε, έκλεινε τους δρόμους, καθώς δεν υπήρχε μέριμνα για τον καθαρισμό τους και αυτό δυσκόλευε τις μετακινήσεις. Στους δρόμους έβλεπες λιγοστούς διαβάτες, να κυκλοφορούν και σίγουρα ακόμη πιο λίγα παιδιά. Οι γονείς σπανίως επέτρεπαν στα παιδιά τους, να βγουν από το σπίτι και αυτό μόνο όταν δεν υπήρχε εναλλακτική λύση. Η ποσότητα του χιονιού και το απίστευτο κρύο, μας ανάγκαζαν να κλεινόμαστε μέσα στο σπίτι, δίπλα στην ξυλόσομπα. Το μόνο που μπορούσαμε να κάνουμε, ήταν να παρακολουθούμε από τα παράθυρα, τις νιφάδες που έπεφταν ασταμάτητα, συσσωρεύοντας, στους δρόμους και στις στέγες, απίστευτα τεράστιους λευκούς όγκους. Από τα κεραμίδια των σπιτιών κρέμονταν μεγάλου μήκους κρύσταλλα, σαν τεράστιες λόγχες, δίνοντας μια ακόμη μεγαλύτερη αίσθηση κρύου, από ότι στην πραγματικότητα ήταν. (Άποψη της γειτονιάς σήμερα. Δεξιά το σπίτι της ιστορίας, τότε γκρεμισμένο από την πυρκαγιά του εμφυλίου, σήμερα όμορφο ανακατασκευασμένο αρχοντικό - φωτογραφία Sharon Shiedu) Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Ο Καραγκιόζης    Δίπλα από την εκκλησία του Αγ. Βλάση, εκεί που ενώνονται η οδός Περδίκα, με την Π. Ιωακείμ, είναι ένα μικρό κτίσμα, που ανήκει στην ιδιοκτησία της οικογένειας, του φίλου μας του Αντωνάκη. Είναι κτισμένο αποκλειστικά με πωρόλιθους, και εφάπτεται η δεξιά πλευρά του, με την εκκλησία και από την άλλη πλευρά με τον περίβολο, του σπιτιού Νικολαΐδη. Έχει δύο πόρτες σιδερένιες την μία στο δρόμο, ενώ η άλλη βγαίνει στην αυλή του σπιτιού. Οι δύο πόρτες είχαν στο πίσω μέρος τους, ένα σιδερένιο μάνταλο, που με αυτό όταν ασφάλιζαν, ήταν σχεδόν αδύνατον να μπει κανείς μέσα. Δίπλα στην εξωτερική πόρτα, έχει ένα τεράστιο παράθυρο, ξύλινο, επενδυμένο εξωτερικά με χοντρή λαμαρίνα. Αυτό το παράθυρο, έχει ένα εσωτερικό περβάζι, φάρδους περίπου ενάμισι μέτρου, κάτι σαν πάγκο, ξύλινο, πάνω στον τοίχο. Αυτό το κτίριο, κατά καιρούς είχε χρησιμοποιηθεί, σαν μπακάλικο, τσαγκάρικο και τέλος σαν μανάβικο. Ποτέ δεν κατάλαβα την χρησιμότητα αυτού του πάγκου και με ποια λογική το κατασκεύασαν. Λίγο μετά την χρήση του, σαν τσαγκάρικο και πριν από το μανάβικο το χρησιμοποιήσαμε και εμείς. Όταν λέω εμείς εννοώ, ο Αντωνάκης, εγώ και ο αδερφός μου ο Στέφανος, που ήμασταν βασικά μέλη μιας μικρής επιχείρησης θεάματος. Περιστασιακά όμως συνέπρατταν και άλλα παιδιά από την γειτονιά. Ο εμπνευστής και η ψυχή, του όλου εγχειρήματος ήταν ο Αντωνάκης, ο οποίος συνέλαβε την ιδέα να κάνουμε ένα θέατρο σκιών. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Το Μαγκάλι    Σε καμία φάση της παιδικής μου ηλικίας δεν μπορώ να ισχυριστώ πως ήμουν, αυτό που λένε “ήσυχο” παιδί. Το αντίθετο θα έλεγα… Γενικά αν όχι όλοι, οι περισσότεροι με χαρακτήριζαν άτακτο. Κάποιοι τότε με είχαν χαρακτηρίσει “απροσάρμοστο”, ένα επιθετικό προσδιορισμό, του οποίου εγώ δεν ήξερα την σημασία. Το γεγονός είναι, πως σε όλες τις φάσεις της παιδικής μου ηλικίας, ήμουν άτακτος και δεν “έμπαινα” στα καλούπια, που θα ήθελαν οι γονείς και οι διάφοροι συγγενείς. Σε πολύ μικρή ηλικία, μου συνέβη κάτι, που ίσως ήταν η αιτία να ενεργοποιηθεί πολύ νωρίς η μνήμη μου. Φυσικά κάποια γεγονότα, από αυτά που θα διηγηθώ, δεν τα θυμάμαι, από προσωπική εμπειρία, αλλά από διηγήσεις των μεγάλων, μερικά όμως έχουν μείνει ανεξίτηλα στην μνήμη μου.    Εκείνη την εποχή μέναμε σε ένα σπίτι που νοίκιαζε η οικογένεια μας, από την κα Σουλτάνα, απέναντι και διαγώνια από την εκκλησία του Αγ. Βλάση. Ήταν μια μονοκατοικία, με κεραμίδια και με βασικό υλικό κατασκευής το ξύλο και την πέτρα. Το σπίτι ήταν πάρα πολύ παλιό. Η κύρια είσοδος του, ήταν από ξερό ξύλο καστανιάς δίφυλλη, διακοσμημένη με πλατυκέφαλα καρφιά, αυτά που τότε τα λέγανε γύφτικα. Αμέσως μετά από την πόρτα, υπήρχε ένας διάδρομος στρωμένος με μεσαίου μεγέθους πέτρες, με μια αυλακιά στην μέση για να φεύγουν τα νερά. Στην αριστερή πλευρά υπήρχε το αχούρι, ο χώρος για να σταβλίζουν κάποιο ζώο, εκείνη την εποχή τα περισσότερα σπίτια είχαν ζώα, άλογα, γαϊδούρια κλπ. ) μόνο που η οικογένεια μου, δεν είχε κανενός είδους ζώο, οπότε ήταν άδειο. Στην απέναντι πλευρά είχε δύο δωμάτια που τα χρησιμοποιούσαμε σαν αποθήκες. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Το πατίνι εφευρετικότητα μας, όσο αφορούσε τα διάφορα παιγνίδια, δεν είχε τέλος. Σε κάθε περίπτωση προσαρμοζόμασταν, στα νέα δεδομένα και αρπάζαμε κάθε ευκαιρία για κάτι νέο. Πολλά παιγνίδια μας καθήλωναν και μας δημιουργούσαν μια περίεργη εξάρτηση, κολλούσαμε δηλαδή με αυτά χωρίς να υπάρχει κάποιος ιδιαίτερος λόγος. Ακόμη και τώρα που το σκέπτομαι δεν μπορώ να δώσω μια εξήγηση που να με ικανοποιεί. Ίσως να ακολουθούσαμε μια άτυπη μόδα, χωρίς να μας την επιβάλει κανείς και χωρίς καμία προβολή.    Θυμάμαι, πως για ένα διάστημα είχαμε κολλήσει με τις σβούρες. Σε όποιο σημείο της αλάνας και να κοίταζες, έβλεπες ομάδες παιδιών να διαγωνίζονται στο ρίξιμο της σβούρας. Η σβούρα ήτα μια ξύλινη κωνοειδής κατασκευή, θύμιζε πάρα πολύ το βαρίδιο που χρησίμευε, για να τεντώνει, το νήμα της στάθμης. Καλύτερα θα μπορούσαμε να την περιγράψουμε σαν κυλινδρική ξύλινη σφήνα, που το κάτω μέρος της, γινόταν αιχμηρό και είχε προσαρμοσμένη μια μεταλλική ακίδα, συνήθως ένα είδος πρόκας. Το επάνω της, τμήμα το πιο φαρδύ είχε στερεωμένο ένα μικρό χερούλι. Σε απόσταση τριών τετάρτων από το κάτω μέρος προς το πάνω είχε χαραγμένο ένα αυλάκι, ρηχό αλλά ορατό. Πολλές από τις σβούρες είχαν το φυσικό χρώμα του ξύλου, εμποτισμένες ίσως με κάποιο άχρωμο βερνίκι, άλλες πάλι ήταν βαμμένες σε διάφορα χρώματα, μονόχρωμες ή πολύχρωμες. Ακόμη υπήρχαν και οι πιο περίτεχνες, που είχαν πάνω τους ζωγραφισμένα διάφορα σχέδια ή μικροσκοπικές παραστάσεις. Αυτές τις τελευταίες, τις θεωρούσαμε πιο πολύτιμες, καθώς όταν στροβιλίζονταν τα σχέδια αλλοιωνόταν, ξεγελώντας την ικανότητα του ματιού να συλλάβει την πραγματικότητα και να τα βλέπουμε σαν απόκοσμες παραστάσεις. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Η σφεντόνα    Τα καλοκαίρια, αφού είχαν κλείσει τα σχολεία, μια από τις αγαπημένες μας ασχολίες, ήταν να παίζουμε με σφεντόνες. Το δύσκολο όμως, ήταν να αποκτήσουμε μια τέτοια ή στην καλύτερη περίπτωση να την κατασκευάσουμε οι ίδιοι. Οι περισσότεροι προσπαθούσαμε, να τις φτιάξουμε από τροποποιημένες φούρκες τελάρων. Στην αρχή της οδού Περδίκα, υπάρχει το οθωμανικό λουτρό, που τότε στέγαζε μια επιχείρηση επεξεργασίας ξύλου, μια κορδέλα όπως την λέγαμε. Το βασικό αντικείμενο εργασίας, αυτής της επιχείρησης, ήταν να κατασκευάζει τελάρα, για την συσκευασία μήλων και άλλων φρούτων. Αυτά τα τελάρα είχαν στις τέσσερις γωνίες, τις λεγόμενες φούρκες. Αυτές στην ουσία, ήταν τα εξαρτήματα του τελάρου, που πάνω τους εφάρμοζαν και τοποθετούσαν το επόμενο τελάρο. Οι φούρκες στο επάνω άκρο τους, είχαν σχήμα μυτερής οξείας γωνίας, που το έλεγαν αρσενικό, ενώ στο κάτω μέρος είχε μια εγκοπή, ακριβώς στο αντίθετο της γωνίας που το έλεγαν θύλακο. Έτσι όταν στοίβαζαν τα τελάρα το αρσενικό τμήμα του τελάρου εφάρμοζε πάνω στο θηλυκό και έτσι είχαν αρκετή σταθερότητα όταν τα ντάνιαζαν.    Εμείς προσπαθούσαμε να προμηθευτούμε μια τέτοια φούρκα, την οποία πριονίζαμε στο κάτω μέρος το θηλυκό, έτσι μεγαλώναμε την γωνία φτιάχνοντας μια υποφερτή διχάλα που ήταν απαραίτητη για την κατασκευή της σφεντόνας. Στην κορδέλα εργαζόταν ένας κύριος, που δεν θυμάμαι το όνομα του, ψηλός με ελαφρώς σγουρά μαλλιά και ένα λεπτό μουστάκι. Αυτός όταν τον πλησίασα και του εξήγησα τι θέλω, πήρε μια φούρκα, πήγε μέσα στην πριονοκορδέλα, την πριόνισε έτσι ώστε το σχήμα της γωνίας έγινε τετράγωνο. Επίσης προσεκτικά αφαίρεσε δύο πόντους ξύλου από τις δυο πλευρές της φούρκας, έτσι ώστε να χωράει εύκολα στην χούφτα μου. Μου την έδωσε και δεν πίστευα στην τύχη μου, αφού τον ευχαρίστησα, πήγα τρέχοντας στο σπίτι μου για να προχωρήσω στο επόμενο στάδιο. Γράμμα από τη Θεσσαλονίκη. Η ταράτσα μας που έβλεπε στον κάμπο της Βέροιας    Μεγάλη φαρδιά, δέσποζε στο κέντρο της Βέροιας στη Μητροπόλεως. Απέναντι ο κάμπος, να απλώνεται μακριά, μέχρι που φτάνει το μάτι σου. Πάνω από τα σπίτια, πάνω και από το «αρχοντικό» Τσικερδάνου.    Κάγκελα μπροστά να βλέπουν στη Μητροπόλεως, ένα υπερυψωμένο τοιχάκι να περιβάλλει τις υπόλοιπες πλευρές της, πίσω το πλυσταριό και οι αποθήκες, και στη μέση η γυάλινη σκεπή του φωταγωγού.    Το πλυσταριό είχε πολλαπλές χρήσεις. Πρώτα-πρώτα ήταν πλυντήριο. Ζεστό νερό στο καζάνι, πλύσιμο στις τσιμεντένιες γούρνες, τα ασπρόρουχα με λουλάκι να γίνουν τριζάτα. Η μαμά προτιμούσε να πλένει τα ρούχα στο σπίτι, αλλά το άπλωμα γινόταν πάντα στην ταράτσα. Κι εκείνα τα σχοινιά, ατέλειωτα σχοινιά, να διασταυρώνονται και να ανεβαίνει η μαμά με την μεγάλη τσίγκινη λεκάνη γεμάτη πεντακάθαρα ρούχα να τα απλώνει, κι εγώ να της δίνω τα μανταλάκια, στην αρχή μεταλλικά σαν φιογκάκια και μετά ξύλινα. Αυτή την τελευταία συνήθεια την κράτησε για πολλά χρόνια. Και όταν άρχισα κι εγώ με τη σειρά μου να απλώνω για να τη βοηθήσω, οι ρόλοι αντιστράφηκαν, και ήταν αυτή τότε που μου έδινε τα μανταλάκια. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Η Γερακίνα    Με το τέλος του χειμώνα, αφού τέλειωναν τα χιόνια και οι βροχές, λίγο πριν από την άνοιξη, δειλά δειλά βγαίναμε, πάλι στην αλάνα, στα καμένα. Φυσικά οι δραστηριότητες μας, ήταν περιορισμένες γιατί ακόμη ο καιρός ήταν σχετικά κρύος. Η εποχή βρισκόταν ανάμεσα στο τελείωμα του χειμώνα με την αρχή της άνοιξης και ήταν πολύ άστατος. Όλο τον χειμώνα ήμασταν κλεισμένοι στα σπίτια μας, και μας είχε λείψει το “έξω” και οι παρέες του Αγ. Υπήρχε τότε ένα έθιμο, λίγες βδομάδες πριν την καθαρά Δευτέρα, όλοι μας, ακόμη και οι λίγο μεγαλύτεροι να κατασκευάζουμε χαρταετούς. Το ίδιο έθιμο επικρατεί και σήμερα, αλλά όλοι τώρα, τους αγοράζουν έτοιμους. Δεν μπορώ να φανταστώ κάποιο σημερινό παιδί, ανάμεσα στα επτά και δώδεκα χρόνια να κατασκευάζει μόνο του τον χαρταετό.    Βλέπαμε τα άλλα, τα μεγαλύτερα παιδιά να έχουν ήδη κατασκευάσει, ο καθένας τον δικό χαρταετό, ενώ εμείς οι μικρότεροι, βρισκόμασταν σε αναβρασμό, γιατί κανείς από μας, δεν κατείχε την τεχνική κατασκευής. Με τον φίλο μου τον Μανώλη, κάναμε μια υπερπροσπάθεια, να φτιάξουμε μόνοι μας, τον χαρταετό που τόσο πολύ επιθυμούσαμε. Κάναμε μια εξόρμηση προς τους μπαξέδες, την περιοχή που ήταν περίπου στην παλιά γραμμή (τον σημερινό περιφερειακό δρόμο) για να βρούμε καλάμια, που ήταν απαραίτητα για τον σκελετό της κατασκευής μας. Γρήγορα βρήκαμε μια συστάδα, στην άκρη ενός χωραφιού, με αρκετά από αυτά και κόψαμε με αρκετή δυσκολία τρία. Ικανοποιημένοι γυρίσαμε στην γειτονιά κρατώντας τα στα χέρια μας και φροντίζοντας να τα επιδεικνύουμε σαν λάφυρα. Τα καλάμια ήταν ίσως το πιο βασικό υλικό, για να κατασκευάσουμε αυτό που τόσο πολύ επιθυμούσαμε. Γράμμα από τη Θεσσαλονίκη. «Εσκλεκοειδίτ» και άλλοι Πολυγυρινοί γλωσσοδέτες! οικογένειά μου συναντήθηκαν δύο πολιτισμοί: από την πλευρά του πατέρα μου ο μικρασιατικός των προσφύγων και από την πλευρά της πολυγυρινής μητέρας μου, της Δήμητρας Μανέ, αυτός των γηγενών Ελλήνων, και φυσικά μαζί τους και τα αντίστοιχα γλωσσικά ιδιώματα. Οι πρόσφυγες παππούδες μου, εγκατεστημένοι στην Κάτω Τούμπα της Θεσσαλονίκης, όταν δεν μιλούσαν μεταξύ τους τούρκικα – συνήθως για να μην τους καταλαβαίνουμε οι υπόλοιποι – χρησιμοποιούσαν τα ελληνικά, διανθισμένα όμως με έντονα στοιχεία αρχαΐζουσας καθαρεύουσας. Από το άλλο μέρος, στην πατρίδα της μητέρας μου μιλούσαν «χωριάτικα», πολυγυρινά.    Αυτά τα πολυγυρινά ήταν πολύ ιδιόμορφα και πολύ δύσκολο να τα μιλήσεις αν δεν τα είχες συνηθίσει από μωρό. Φαίνεται όμως ότι και το αντίστροφο ήταν μάλλον εξίσου δύσκολο, να μιλάς δηλαδή «καθαρευουσιάνικα» («σαλον(ι)κιά» όπως τα έλεγαν οι Πολυγυρινοί) ενώ έχεις γεννηθεί και μεγαλώσει στον Πολύγυρο. Η καημένη η μαμά πρέπει να δυσκολεύτηκε αρκετά να συνηθίσει να μιλάει όπως οι Θεσσαλονικείς, και ομολογώ ότι καμιά φορά της ξέφευγε και κανένα πολυγυρινό, με αποτέλεσμα να δέχεται τα τρυφερά πειράγματα όλης της οικογένειας. Και θα πρέπει να ένιωθε μεγάλη ανακούφιση όταν μπορούσε να μιλήσει με τους συγγενείς της στα πολυγυρινά εντελώς απενοχοποιημένη. Αυτή η νοσταλγία για το γλωσσικό ιδίωμα της πατρίδας τους πρέπει να ήταν κοινή σε όλους όσοι ζούσαν μακριά της. « Έλα μαρή Δήμητρα να πούμε κανένα πουλυγυρνό », θυμάμαι να την προτρέπει η θεία Τασούλα η «Τσικουλίνα», αδελφή του θείου Τζώρτζη του Τσίκουλα, που εδώ και πολλά χρόνια ζούσε στη Θεσσαλονίκη. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Το πρόβολο του Αγ. Βλάση    Ακριβώς απέναντι από την είσοδο του σπιτιού μου και λίγο δεξιά ήταν η διασταύρωση της οδού Περδίκα με την σημερινή οδό Ξενοπούλου. Αμυδρά θυμάμαι ότι η σκεπή του Αγ. Βλάση, είχε μια προέκταση (ένα είδος προβόλου) που ακουμπούσε, στο σπίτι του κου Σωτήρη Μπινιόλα. Το κάτω μέρος της προέκτασης, ήταν κατασκευασμένο από χοντρά δοκάρια καστανιάς και στο πάνω μέρος της είχε μια μονάραχη σκεπή, με κεραμίδια, ίδιας ποιότητας, που είχε και η στέγη της εκκλησίας. Από ο, τι θυμάμαι, στην πλευρά του τοίχου της εκκλησίας, υπήρχε το φύλλο μιας πόρτας, που δεν ήταν πλέον λειτουργική, καθώς ήταν σπασμένη σε πολλά σημεία και οι μεντεσέδες της κρεμόταν ξεχαρβαλωμένοι. Στο τοίχο της εκκλησίας, στο μεσαίο ζωνάρι, που ήταν και αυτό από ξύλο καστανιάς ήταν στερεωμένο, ένα σιδερένιο μάνταλο που ασφάλιζε την πόρτα. Το απέναντι φύλλο της πόρτας, που θα έπρεπε να είναι στερεωμένη στο σπίτι του κου Σωτήρη, αν εξαιρέσεις μερικές χοντρές σανίδες, δεν υπήρχε τίποτα άλλο. Από ο, τι μου είχαν πει οι μεγαλύτεροι, αυτή ήταν επί Τουρκοκρατίας, η μια είσοδος της χριστιανικής συνοικίας της Κυριώτισσας, που κάθε βράδυ την έκλειναν για ασφάλεια. Με την απελευθέρωση της πόλης μας, έπαψε να έχει χρησιμότητα και κανείς δεν μπήκε στον κόπο να την επιδιορθώσει, όταν χάλασε. Έτσι σταδιακά είχε κυριολεκτικά ρημάξει. Εγώ τότε ήμουν μικρός, κάθε φορά όμως, που περνούσα κάτω από αυτό το πρόβολο και βλέποντας την ξεχαρβαλωμένη πόρτα, με την φαντασία μου την έβλεπα σαν πύλη ενός κάστρου που προστάτευε την χριστιανική γειτονιά. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Το Άδενδρο καλοκαίρι που είχα γίνει πλέον οχτώ χρόνων, είχε ιδιαίτερη σημασία για μένα. Ήταν τότε που θα έκανα για πρώτη φορά, ένα μακρινό για τότε ταξίδι. Από τις διακοπές του Πάσχα άκουγα για μια κουμπαριά που θα έκανε ο πατέρας μου, με τον γείτονα μας τον κύριο Νίκο. Όσες φορές ρωτούσα την μητέρα μου τι ακριβώς, είναι η κουμπαριά, λάμβανα αόριστες απαντήσεις του τύπου … είσαι μικρός, δεν θα καταλάβεις ή όταν μεγαλώσεις θα σου εξηγήσω. Έτσι στο μυαλό μου η “κουμπαριά” ήταν κάτι το ανεξήγητο και το ομιχλώδες. Στις προσπάθειες, που έκανα να μάθω την ερμηνεία της λέξης, δεν τα κατάφερα καθώς οι συνομήλικοι μου, είχαν την ίδια άγνοια με μένα. κάποιον, λίγο μεγαλύτερο μου, πληροφορήθηκα ότι είχε σχέση με τον γάμο κάποιου ζευγαριού, χωρίς στην ουσία κι αυτός να μπορέσει να με διαφωτίσει αρκετά. Ακούγοντας κάποια συζήτηση, του κυρίου Νίκου, με τους γονείς μου, άκουσα πως η τελετή θα γινόταν στο χωριό της νύφης το Άδενδρο. Από ο, τι κατάλαβα, οι καλεσμένοι του γαμπρού και του κουμπάρου, θα έπρεπε να ταξιδέψουν την ημέρα του γάμου, σε αυτό το χωριό. Εγώ ποτέ δεν είχα ξανακούσει, για χωριό με τέτοιο όνομα και στις ερωτήσεις που έκανα, δεν έπαιρνα ικανοποιητικές απαντήσεις. Κανείς δεν ήξερε να μου πει κάτι, ίσως γιατί κανείς, δεν το ήξερε. Αυτό όμως εμένα μου έγινε έμμονη ιδέα και προσπαθούσα με κάθε τρόπο να μάθω τα πάντα για αυτό. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Το ποδήλατο γειτονιά μας, στην αλάνα που παίζαμε, τα “καμένα” όπως τα έλεγαν, δεν ξέρω για ποιο λόγο) ίσως παλαιότερα να είχε καεί η περιοχή. Τα καμένα ήταν ένας ανοιχτός χώρος, που ξεκινούσε από την εκκλησία του Αγ. Βλάση και έφθανε μέχρι την εκκλησία της Κυριώτισσας ή τον Αγ. Σάββα όπως ήταν η δεύτερη ονομασία της. Σε αυτόν το χώρο, όταν έκλειναν τα σχολεία, μαζευόμασταν καθημερινά, πρωί και απόγευμα για να παίξουμε τα διάφορα παιχνίδια. Κάποια από αυτά, τα παίζαμε με τα κορίτσια της γειτονιάς και μερικά μόνο με αγόρια. Ήταν μια εποχή που εκτός από μία φτηνή μπάλα, που μπορούσαμε να έχουμε στην διάθεση μας, τίποτε άλλο δεν υπήρχε για να το χρησιμοποιήσουμε σαν βοηθητικό μέσο των παιχνιδιών μας. (Τα καμένα - φωτογραφία) Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Το Λιανοβρόχι παιδικά μας χρόνια, τα ζήσαμε σε μια εποχή που κανένα σπίτι στην γειτονιά δεν είχε τις ηλεκτρικές συσκευές και ευκολίες που υπάρχουν σήμερα. Τα περισσότερα νοικοκυριά μαγείρευαν, με εκείνες τις περίεργες γκαζιέρες, με το φαρδύ φιτίλι ή στην καλύτερη περίπτωση είχαν, την με καινούρια εφεύρεση της εποχής το πετρογκάζ. Εξ άλλου, μόλις πριν από λίγο είχαν βάλει στα σπίτια ηλεκτρικό ρεύμα, που το χρησιμοποιούσαν βασικά για τον φωτισμό των σπιτιών αν και ορισμένοι είχαν την πολυτέλεια να έχουν ραδιόφωνο. Ιδιαίτερες ηλεκτρικές συσκευές δεν θυμάμαι να είχε κανένα σπίτι της γειτονιάς. Τον χειμώνα τον ξεπερνούσαμε ανάβοντας τις ξύλινες σόμπες ή στην καλύτερη περίπτωση μερικά νοικοκυριά, ελάχιστα από ότι θυμάμαι είχαν σόμπες πετρελαίου. Το πρόβλημα το μεγάλο όμως ήταν το καλοκαίρι. Παρ όλο που σχεδόν όλα τα σπίτια ήταν κτισμένα με πέτρες και είχαν σαν βάση επενδύσεων το ξύλο, η ζέστη ήταν ανυπόφορη. Ειδικά όταν μας μάντρωναν, κυριολεκτικά το μεσημέρι για να κοιμηθούμε μια δυο ώρες. Εμείς οι μικροί επαναστατούσαμε και στην καλύτερη περίπτωση δυσανασχετούσαμε και γκρινιάζαμε. Πάντα προσπαθούσαμε να την κοπανίσουμε, από την υποχρεωτική αυτή ξεκούραση και να βγούμε λαθραία έξω από το σπίτι για να συναντήσουμε τους συνομηλίκους μας, που επίσης το είχαν σκάσει, για κάποιες μικρές περιπέτειες.    Ο πατέρας μου απηυδισμένος, με το συνεχές σκασιαρχείο από την μεσημεριανή ξεκούραση αποφάσισε να μας έχει και τους τρεις, μαζί του στο ίδιο δωμάτιο, για να μας προσέχει. Η κατάσταση όμως με την ζέστη γινόταν ακόμη πιο αφόρητη, οπότε μια μέρα τον είδαμε να φέρνει στο σπίτι μια παράξενη για μας ηλεκτρική συσκευή. Όταν την έβγαλε από το κουτί Γράμμα από την Κύπρο. Το "λυράκι. Διήγημα    Κι ο γέρο Νικολός, λυράρης από τους παλαιούς, ντυμένος ακόμη με την κρητική βράκα και το γελέκι κι ένα μακρύ φιλντισένιο κομπολόι. Μονάχος γυρνούσε στης Κρήτης το Καμηλάρι, πού ναι γαντζωμένο από τα χρόνια τα παλιά στους λεύτερους λόφους, του Γιούλα, του Αλευρωτά και του Εύγορα. Μονάχος καθόταν τις περισσότερες φορές στο καφενείο κι όταν καμιά φορά τον κερνούσαν τσικουδιά έπινε μονάχα ίσαμε να συντροφέψει την παρέα. Αν όμως επέμενε κάποιος να πιει  κι άλλη τσικουδιά με τη χοντρή φωνή του, που τόσο καιρό συνόδευε το λυράκι του, απαντούσε κουνώντας το κεφάλι του, «η παραπανίσια  τσικουδιά, το μυαλό θολώνει, κείνο πούναι για της παρέας το συντρόφεμα, τοχουμε πιει» κι έβγαζε το λυράκι του, το «συντροφάκι» καθώς το καλούσε κι αρχινούσε τις μαντινάδες. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Οι στρακαστρούκες    Είχα κλείσει πια τα δέκα τρία μου χρόνια, πήγαινα στην πρώτη γυμνασίου και τόσο τα ενδιαφέροντα μου, όσο και οι φίλοι είχαν αλλάξει κατά πολύ. Παρ όλο που το γυμνάσιο στεγαζόταν στο ίδιο κτίριο που βρισκόταν και το πρώτο δημοτικό σχολείο, που μέχρι τότε πήγαινα και το μόνο πού άλλαζε για μένα, ήταν το ωράριο και ο χώρος προαυλισμού, στην ουσία υπήρχαν βασικές και μεγάλες διαφορές.    Μέσα στο καλοκαίρι που μεσολάβησε από την αποφοίτηση μου, από το δημοτικό σχολείο και στην εγγραφή μου στο γυμνάσιο, ένιωσα ότι έχασα ένα κομμάτι από την παιδική μου ηλικία και αθωότητα, περνώντας πολύ γρήγορα στην εφηβεία. Με τρόμο σχεδόν, αντιλήφθηκα, πως οι υποχρεώσεις και τα μαθήματα του γυμνασίου, είχαν απαιτήσεις, που με ξεπερνούσαν. Αυτό με ανάγκαζε, να περιορίσω κατά πολύ τις παιδικές μου παρέες με τα παιγνίδια στην γειτονιά μας. Παράλληλα άλλαξαν και οι ενδυματολογικές μου προτιμήσεις, μου ήταν τελείως αδιανόητο, το κοντό παντελόνι, που συνήθως φορούσα, πριν από τρεις μήνες αλλάζοντας το με δύο μακριά παντελόνια, που βασικά τα διάλεξε η μάνα μου, αλλά είχε καταφέρει να με πείσει, ότι τα διάλεξα εγώ. Το ένα ήταν σκούρο γκρι με μαύρες καρό διαγραμμίσεις, ενώ το άλλο ήταν σκούρο μπεζ, σχεδόν καφετί με πιο σκούρα λεπτά σχέδια, κάτι σαν ψαροκόκαλο. Αυτό το δεύτερο παντελόνι το θεωρούσα το “καλό” μου παντελόνι και το φορούσα σε γιορτές ή ιδιαίτερες περιπτώσεις. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Οι Τσιγγάνες καλοκαίρια, τότε, λίγο πριν τελειώσουμε το δημοτικό σχολείο, είχαμε περισσότερο χρόνο ελεύθερο και σχεδόν όλο τον καταναλώναμε στην αλάνα, τα “καμμένα”) που ξεσαλώναμε παίζοντας διάφορα παιγνίδια. Επειδή στη γειτονιά μας, τα σπίτια ήταν το ένα πάνω στο άλλο και παντού υπήρχαν στενά δρομάκια, τα σοκάκια όπως τα λέγαμε τότε, η αλάνα μεταξύ της εκκλησίας του Αγ. Βλάση και της Κυριώτισσας, ήταν ο μόνος ανοιχτός χώρος που μας επέτρεπε να έχουμε μια υποφερτή άνεση στις δραστηριότητες μας.    Εκεί εκτός από εμάς τα παιδιά, χρησιμοποιούσαν τον χώρο, κάθε λογής πλανόδιοι σαλτιμπάγκοι, που μας παρουσίαζαν τις μικρές τους παραστάσεις. Συνήθως αυτοί ήταν τσιγγάνοι, που με τον ήχο ενός ντεφιού ανάγκαζαν κάποια εκπαιδευμένα ζώα, αρκούδες ή πίθηκους να χορεύουν και να κάνουν διάφορες μιμήσεις και ακροβατικά. Τότε δεν ξέραμε πως για να μάθουν αυτά τα ζώα να μας διασκεδάζουν, κατά την εκπαίδευση τους τα βασάνιζαν για να εκτελούν το νούμερο τους. (Φωτογραφία από το) Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Ο Γύρος του θανάτου καλοκαίρι, στην πλατεία της πόλης, ήρθε ένα είδους τσίρκου με πολλές ατραξιόν. Είχε ακροβάτες, ζογκλέρ, κούνιες, συγκρουόμενα αυτοκινητάκια, περίεργα ζώα, παλαιστές και πολλά άλλα, που σήμερα δεν τα θυμάμαι καλά. Εκείνο όμως, που μας εντυπωσίασε όλους, ήταν ο γύρος του θανάτου. Από τα μεγάφωνα, το διαφημίζανε συνεχώς και μας εξηγούσανε πόσο επικίνδυνο ακροβατικό ήταν. Όπως το βλέπαμε από έξω, θύμιζε ένα τεράστιο βαρέλι, καθισμένο όρθιο. Το εσωτερικό του ήταν κούφιο, στο πάνω μέρος υπήρχε ένα είδους εξέδρας. Πάνω σε αυτήν την εξέδρα, ερχόντουσαν και έμεναν όρθιοι οι θεατές. Στο εσωτερικό του βαρελιού υπήρχαν ένας ή δύο μοτοσικλετιστές που οδηγούσαν τις μηχανές τους με ταχύτητα. Στη αρχή έκαναν μια δυο φορές τον γύρο του βαρελιού οριζόντια προς το έδαφος. Μετά οδηγούσαν με ταχύτητα τις μηχανές στα πλαϊνά του βαρελιού, αλλάζοντας συνεχώς θέσεις. Γύριζαν σαν δαιμονισμένοι, σε όλη την επιφάνεια, στο εσωτερικό του βαρελιού, εντυπωσιάζοντας όλους τους θεατές. Όλος ο χώρος μύριζε βενζίνη ενώ ο θόρυβος που έκαναν οι μηχανές ήταν εντυπωσιακός. Όλους, μας είχε συνεπάρει το θέαμα, κοιτούσαμε τους μοτοσικλετιστές και δεν πιστεύαμε στα μάτια μας. Ήμασταν σίγουροι πως οι οδηγοί έκαναν κάτι το πολύ τολμηρό, κάτι που δεν θα μπορούσαν να το κάνουν συνηθισμένοι άνθρωποι. Το συζητούσαμε, μετά το τέλος της παράστασης, συμφωνώντας πως οι μοτοσικλετιστές, κινδύνευαν κάθε στιγμή την ζωή τους, οπότε δικαίως ονομαζόταν ο γύρος του θανάτου.  Κάποιοι μορφωμένοι προσπάθησαν να μας εξηγήσουν ότι ο νόμος της φυγόκεντρου δυνάμεως δεν τους άφηνε να πέσουν, αλλά εμείς τελείως δύσπιστοι δεν δεχόμασταν, καμία τέτοιου είδους εξήγηση. Στο μυαλό μας, αυτοί οι άνθρωποι διακινδύνευαν την ζωή τους, ανά πάσα στιγμή για να μας διασκεδάσουν. Στην φαντασία μας ήταν οι ήρωες που ξεπερνούσαν κατά πολύ τις ανθρώπινες δυνατότητες. Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Ο Αντωνάκης απέναντι και λίγο λοξά δεξιά, από το μπακάλικο που διατηρούσε ο πατέρας μου στην γειτονιά, έμενε η οικογένεια του Αντωνάκη. Η οικογένεια του Αντωνάκη είχε τέσσερα μέλη. Τον πατέρα του τον κύριο Θωμά, την μητέρα του την κα Ανδρονίκη και την αδερφή του την Μαίρη. Ο κύριος Θωμάς, από ότι αμυδρά θυμάμαι ήταν επαγγελματίας οδηγός, όμως σίγουρα είχε και κάποια κτήματα με οπωροφόρα δένδρα. Η Μαίρη ήταν αρκετά μεγαλύτερη μου, οπότε δεν ήταν δυνατόν να παίζει μαζί μου. Ο Αντωνάκης όμως με περνούσε τρία χρόνια, και φυσιολογικά παίζαμε και ερχόταν στην παρέα μας. Το παίζαμε είναι σχετικό, γιατί ο Αντωνάκης πολύ λίγο χρόνο είχε για παιγνίδια, καθώς τον περισσότερο χρόνο τον αφιέρωνε στο διάβασμα. Διάβαζε, όχι γιατί τον υποχρέωνε κάποιος, διάβαζε γιατί αγαπούσε το διάβασμα. Πολλές φορές που πήγα στην αυλή του σπιτιού του για να τον βρω, τον άκουγα να επαναλαμβάνει φωναχτά τα μαθήματα του σχολείου. ακόμη και στις διακοπές του σχολείου, ο Αντωνάκης διάβαζε. Αυτό εμένα μου φαινόταν πολύ παράξενο, σχεδόν αδιανόητο. (Η οδός Πατριάρχου Ιωακείμ στη δεκαετία του '70. Στο βάθος δίπλα στο αγροτικό αυτοκίνητο, η πόρτα της αυλής του Αντωνάκη. Πίσω της με μισάνοιχτο παράθυρο το σπίτι του. Στα χρόνια της ιστορίας ο δρόμος ήταν στρωμένος με καλντερίμι - Φωτ. Χρήστου Τσόπελα) Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Ο Γιάννης γειτονιά μας, όταν ήμουν περίπου οκτώ χρονών, ήρθε μια οικογένεια και νοίκιασε σπίτι, στην πάροδο Ιεραρχών. Η οικογένεια είχε τρία παιδιά, ένα κορίτσι που πήγαινε στις τελευταίες τάξεις του γυμνασίου, που όσο κι αν προσπάθησα, δεν μπόρεσα να θυμηθώ το όνομα της. Τα δύο αγόρια, ο Περικλής και ο Γιάννης ήταν μεγαλύτερα από μένα. Ο Περικλής, δεκαπέντε περίπου χρονών, και δούλευε στους μπαξέδες. Τον βλέπαμε, να περνάει από τη γειτονιά καβάλα σε ένα άλογο σαμαρωμένο. Δεξιά και αριστερά στο σαμάρι είχε κρεμασμένα δύο τεράστια κοφίνια. Όλη μέρα ο Περικλής γυρνούσε από γειτονιά σε γειτονιά, έψαχνε σπίτια που είχαν στάβλους και τα καθάριζε από την κοπριά. Τότε τα μισά και παραπάνω ίσως σπίτια είχαν ζώα, άλογα, γαϊδούρια, γελάδες, κατσίκες, πρόβατα κότες κλπ. Μάζευε την κοπριά στα κοφίνια και μετά την μετέφερε στον μπαξέ του αφεντικού του, την στοίβαζε, δημιουργώντας ένα μικρό βουναλάκι. Ο ήλιος την ξέραινε και μετά από μερικές μέρες την χρησιμοποιούσαν για να λιπάνουν τους μπαξέδες. Ο Γιάννης είχε τελειώσει το δημοτικό σχολείο και δούλευε περιστασιακά, όπου έβρισκε δουλειά. Συνήθως δούλευε στον φούρνο της γειτονιάς μας, κάνοντας τα μικροθελήματα του φούρναρη. Μια από τις βασικές υποχρεώσεις του ήταν να μετράει τα κουλούρια στους κουλουράδες και μετά να δίνει λογαριασμό στο αφεντικό του. (Η πάροδος Ιεραρχών όπως είναι σήμερα) Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Ο Αργυράκος. Βόλτα με το άλογο    Πριν από μερικές ημέρες, ήρθε και με βρήκε ο παιδικός μου φίλος, ο Αργυράκος. Αν και οι δύο είχαμε μπει στο εξηκοστό έτος της ηλικίας μας, για μένα παραμένει, ακόμη, ο Αργυράκος των παιδικών μου χρόνων. Είχαμε χαθεί για μεγάλο χρονικό διάστημα, ο χρόνος κύλισε και η ζωή μας απομάκρυνε, η παιδική παρέα που είχαμε δημιουργήσει στο Κακοσούλι, είχε σκορπίσει κάτω από την πίεση της ζωής. Ενώ πίναμε καφέ, αναρωτιόμουν τον λόγο της ευχάριστης μεν, αλλά τελείως ανεπάντεχης επίσκεψης του.    Δεν με άφησε και πολύ να αναρωτιέμαι, χωρίς περιστροφές ο Αργυράκος μου πρότεινε να κάνουμε κάτι για την παλιά μας γειτονιά το Κακοσούλι. Έτσι λεγόταν η παλιά μας γειτονιά, που ήταν ανάμεσα στην Μητρόπολη και στην εκκλησία της Κυριώτισσας, από την μια πλευρά και από τους Λαδόμυλους μέχρι το Οθωμανικό λουτρό από την άλλη. Πριν προλάβω, να τον ρωτήσω τι ακριβώς εννοούσε, άρχισε να μου εξιστορεί την ζωή μας τότε στη γειτονιά. Ήταν τόσο καλός στις περιγραφές, που για μια στιγμή έκλεισα τα μάτια μου και μεταφέρθηκα νοερά στην εποχή των παιδικών μας χρόνων. Μια ευφορία κυριάρχησε μέσα μου, μια νοσταλγία που δεν μπορούσα να την διαχειριστώ. Τον άκουγα να μιλάει, να μου αναπτύσσει τα σχέδια του, μα εγώ ήμουν αλλού, ήμουν εκεί που με καμία δύναμη στον κόσμο δε θα μπορούσα να ήμουν. Γράμμα από τη Θεσσαλονίκη. Άρωμα ροδάκινου Της Ανατολής Μελίδου (Συνέχεια της ιστορίας "ο Λεωνίδας και οι 304"    Εβδομήντα μπάνια. εβδομήντα ολόκληρα μπάνια... το πιο ωραίο μου καλοκαίρι. κάθε μέρα νωρίς το απόγευμα ξεκινούσαμε. πότε με το λεωφορείο, πότε με το αυτοκίνητο του Κώστα του γείτονα, που μας υπεραγαπούσε... Κάθε μέρα η ίδια ιεροτελεστία. ήμουν εκστατικά ευτυχισμένη. η μεγαλύτερη ευτυχία στον κόσμο. να βουτάω στην θάλασσα και να αφήνομαι. δεν ήθελα τίποτα άλλο. όλος ο κόσμος μου εκείνο το καλοκαίρι ήταν η θάλασσα. Η αγωνία μου μήπως και δεν προλάβω να δω  τα νεράκια να μαλώνουν. κάθε μεσημέρι γύρω στις 3 περίπου τα νερά άλλαζαν κατεύθυνση... περίμενα πώς και πώς να δω την αλλαγή στην φορά κίνησής τους. σαν να μαλώναν μεταξύ τους. μικρά κυματάκια δημιουργούνταν για μερικά λεπτά. μία μικρή μάχη. και μετά ησυχία. το αντίθετο ρεύμα είχε νικήσει. Μέχρι την επόμενη φορά... μερικές φορές ένοιωθα ότι θα σκάσω από  ευτυχία. ήταν όταν μέναμε στην θάλασσα μέχρι αργά και ξανάβλεπα την μικρή μάχη... Και όλα αυτά στον Ωρωπό. Γιατί τελικά στο Μαρκόπουλο Ωρωπού φτάσαμε. εκεί εγκατασταθήκαμε. εκεί βρέθηκε η δουλειά για τον μπαμπά μου. Επιστάτης σε ανθρακωρυχείο. δύσκολη δουλειά. και επικίνδυνη. Ωστόσο δεν υπήρχε άλλη εναλλακτική. Έπρεπε  να δουλέψει. 150 μέτρα βάθος και με υποδομές σχεδόν ανύπαρκτες. Μέσα στην γη. στο μαύρο σκοτάδι. Ο πιο δύσκολος χειμώνας. Και το πιο όμορφο καλοκαίρι. Και η απόφασή μου να γίνω ευτυχισμένη. Ο, τι και να γινόταν, ό, τι και αν μου τύχαινε έπρεπε να γίνω ευτυχισμένη. και έπρεπε  να παλέψω γι'αυτό. Στο σχολείο ήμουν το πιο κοινωνικό παιδί. Εννοείται πρώτη σε όλα. Και δεν θα δημιουργούσα ποτέ προβλήματα στο σπίτι. ήδη οι δικοί μου είχαν ένα σωρό στο κεφάλι τους. Ο, τι μου παρουσιαζόταν έπρεπε να το λύνω μόνη μου. Και όχι, δεν είχα κανένα πρόβλημα με τα άλλα παιδιά. Το μόνο μου πρόβλημα, το μεγάλο μου πρόβλημα ήταν ο δάσκαλος... Γράμμα από τη Θεσσαλονίκη. Το χρονικό της επιστροφής στη Βέροια    Έβρεχε βεροιώτικα, μελαγχολία και ερημιά στους δρόμους, μεσημέρι Παρασκευής. Κατηφορίζω τη Μητροπόλεως μόνη κάτω από μια ομπρέλα. Βρέχει και βρέχονται τα μάτια μου, κλαίω αλλά κανείς δεν το καταλαβαίνει. Τι ωραία δικαιολογία η βροχή η βεροιώτικη! Τα βρεγμένα μάτια κοιτάζουν αχόρταγα να κατασπαράξουν όλα όσα ονειρευόμουν, όλα όσα έζησα. Πάω κι έρχομαι στη γειτονιά μου. Η Μητρόπολη, το σπίτι του Δεσπότη, ο ναός. Πόσο μικρός μου φαίνεται τώρα! Να το σπίτι «μας». Η πολυκατοικία «μας». Μητροπόλεως 34. Υπάρχει ακόμη το κατάστημα ηλεκτρικών ειδών «Χατζηκοκόλη» του ιδιοκτήτη. Θα ανέβω. Η πόρτα ανοιχτή. Κάτι διαφημιστικά πλακάτ ασχημαίνουν το πλατύσκαλο. Επάνω κρέμεται ακόμη το φωτιστικό - κινέζικο φαναράκι που ήταν της μόδας στη δεκαετία του 60. Η κουπαστή της σκάλας ξύλινη στρογγυλεμένη όπως τότε. (Η είσοδος της πολυκατοικίας και του διαμερίσματός μας) Γράμμα από τη Βέροια. Αναμνήσεις από τα θερινά μαθήματα στην Αγγλία.    Στην ζωή μου έχω κάνει πολλά ταξίδια, στην Ελλάδα, την Ευρώπη, την κοντινή Ασία και την Βόρειο και Νότιο Αμερική, όμως το ταξίδι στην Αγγλία με τους φίλους από τα Αγγλικά και την καθηγήτριά μας, το 1969, σε ηλικία δεκατεσσάρων χρόνων, μου έχει μείνει αξέχαστο. Ήταν μεγάλη τύχη για μένα, ένα παιδί της πολυκατοικίας, που δεν έπαιξα στην αλάνα, δεν πήγα ούτε μια μέρα στους προσκόπους, να έχω μια υπερδόση περιπέτειας διάρκειας πέντε εβδομάδων.    Κατακαλόκαιρα ξεκινήσαμε πέντε παιδιά από την Βέροια μαζί με την καθηγήτριά μας, από τον σταθμό των τραίνων της Θεσσαλονίκης, με ντιζελοκίνητο τραίνο και μετά από δύο περίπου εικοσιτετράωρα, διασχίσαμε την τότε Γιουγκοσλαβία, την Αυστρία και περάσαμε στην Γερμανία. Στον σταθμό της Κολωνίας αλλάξαμε τραίνο. Ο νέος μας προορισμός ήταν το λιμάνι της Οστάνδης στο Βέλγιο. Εκεί μετά από περίπου 20 ώρες επιβιβαστήκαμε στο πλοίο, ένα πλοίο πολύ μεγάλο, που μέσα σε μια νύχτα διασχίσαμε την θάλασσα της Μάγχης. Μολονότι καλοκαίρι στο κατάστρωμα είχε τόσο πολύ κρύο, που δεν βγήκαμε καθόλου έξω. Τα ξημερώματα είδαμε τις Λευκές απότομες πλαγιές από κιμωλία του Ντόβερ. Από το Ντόβερ με τραίνο φτάσαμε στο Μάργκεϊτ, θερινό παραθαλάσσιο παραθεριστικό προορισμό της νότιας ανατολικής Αγγλίας. Αίσθηση μου έκανε που ανέπνεα το Βρετανικό θαλάσσιο αεράκι. Γράμμα απ' το Στρατό. Φαντάρος προς φαντάρο πραγματικό γράμμα περιλαμβάνει η σημερινή δημοσίευση. Ένα γράμμα που στάλθηκε και παραλήφθηκε 35 χρόνια πριν. Αποστολέας εγώ, που υπηρετούσα τότε τη στρατιωτική μου θητεία, σε μονάδα της Θεσσαλονίκης. Παραλήπτης ο φίλος Κρέων που υπηρετούσε σε μονάδα της Αττικής.    Με τον Κρέοντα ξεκινήσαμε μαζί τη θητεία μας στο κέντρο κατάταξης, στο Κιλκίς, το Νοέμβρη του 1981. Από την αρχή σχεδόν διαπιστώσαμε ότι είχαμε κοινές απόψεις και ιδέες, τα ίδια γούστα στη μουσική και την τέχνη γενικά, και αντιμετωπίζαμε με τον ίδιο τρόπο τα θέματα του στρατού. Φυσικό ήταν να κάνουμε και παρέα καθημερινά, που εξελίχθηκε σε μια δυνατή φιλία. Το Γενάρη του 1982 πήραμε μετάθεση για διαφορετικές μονάδες και για μικρό διάστημα δεν είχαμε επικοινωνία. Μέχρι το Μάρτη όταν δέχθηκα ένα τηλεφώνημα από τον Κρέοντα.    Το γράμμα στάλθηκε λίγο μετά. Δυστυχώς από κει και μετά χάσαμε ο ένας τα ίχνη του άλλου. Μέχρι το 2015 όταν χάρις στο Facebook και σ' έναν κοινό φίλο, ξαναβρεθήκαμε. Φανταστείτε την έκπληξή μου όταν διαπίστωσα ότι ο Κρέων είχε κρατήσει στο αρχείο του εκείνο το γράμμα. Αυτό το ίδιο που δημοσιεύεται σήμερα. Είναι ακριβώς το ίδιο, μόνο που έχει εκσυγχρονιστεί η ορθογραφία, έχουν μπει αντί ονομάτων τα αρχικά, όταν γίνεται αναφορά σε κάποια πρόσωπα (για ευνόητους λόγους) και έχουν απαλυνθεί δυο εκφράσεις στα πλαίσια μιας κάποιας πολιτικής ορθότητας που υπάρχει σήμερα και δεν υπήρχε τότε. Γράμμα από την Αθήνα. Η συλλογή των κουμπιών μου Της Έφης Χασιακού    Ήμουν δεν ήμουν 8 χρονών, όταν ο κύριος Ιωσήφ συνταξιοδοτήθηκε και έκλεισε το κουμπάδικο – είδη ραπτικής, που είχε κάπου στην Οσία Ξένη στην Νίκαια. Ό, τι εμπόρευμα είχε απομείνει, από αυτό το παραμυθένιο μαγαζί, το μετέφερε σε ένα μικρό δωματιάκι, κάτι σαν πλυσταριό, στην ταράτσα του σπιτιού που μέναμε. παιδική μου περιέργεια και φαντασία δεν με άφηναν να ησυχάσω.    - Τι να έχει άραγε μέσα στο δωματιάκι; Να έχει πραγματάκια που θα με ενδιαφέρουν ή θα είναι για τους μεγάλους; Θα βρω κάτι και για μένα;    Έτσι δειλά δειλά άρχισα να ανεβαίνω στην ταράτσα, χωρίς όμως να τολμώ να μπω μέσα στο γεμάτο μυστήριο δωμάτιο, μόνο έριχνα φευγαλέες ματιές από τα τζάμια των μικρών παραθύρων.    Ώσπου μια μέρα που έλειπε από το σπίτι ο κύριος Ιωσήφ ανέβηκα στην ταράτσα αποφασισμένη να εξερευνήσω τα άδυτα του μικρού πλυσταριού.    Έμεινα έκθαμβη! Letter from Thessaloniki. Memories from the school years in Veria. Mrs Yola By Eleni Dimitriadou    Mrs Yola was the teacher of the 3 rd Class of the 1 st Primary School of Veria, during the school year 1963-64. Single - “a 39 years old maiden” according to the title of the old Greek movie, medium height, with an air of nobility, seamlessly brushed and always elegantly dressed.    Our classroom, was the only one, that was housed in a storage shed at the school yard corner, isolated from the enormous and imposing main building, where nowadays, the Town Hall is located. I remember water dropping from the roof in the rainy days, and we the students, having the duty to collect the water in basins. The irony is, that our teacher, had turned this booth, to a branch of her brother's political office, or at least this is what it seems in my child eyes. Her brother was a member of the Greek Parliament representing the Imathia prefecture. Ordinary women, facing their problems, asking for assistance, would visit her. And she used to ask them to sit close to her desk, to hear carefully to what they had to say, and then, she was talking and talking and talking. She was a teacher in the political marketing too. At the end they would leave the room relieved, with hope in their eyes.

Survived a dogfight, crashed and is very much alive, conscious and with all limbs attached... “We should put him out of his misery” Dafuq? His assessment of the pilot was pretty awful - either hes dumb, full of adrenaline therefore not thinking correctly, or both. Edit: I have since seen this movie. It was good! Oh and theres spoilers in this thread.

1986- You can ride my tail anytime. 2020- You can G-Force my tail sideways anytime... 😂. 1917 full movie watch online free. YouTube. If you failed it will be a massacre Me : I don't care, we live in 21th century. 1917 full movie mp4. 1917 Full movie database.

Brilliant, can't wait.

Man it's like I already watched all the good parts. 1917 full movie reddit. Never appease the SJWs. They'll never be happy and operate at a net loss financially.

1917 full movie 123 movies english. 1917 full movie torrent. Não é possível vai ter guerra mesmo isso é um sinal. Just a thought i think would cool. Bring in WW1 historians and have them set up/run barracks or basic training for the actors for the 6 months leading up to filming and have everyone in the movie dig out the trenches they use. Genre: Drama, War Director: Sam Mendes Writer: Sam Mendes, Krysty Wilson-Cairns Stars: Dean-Charles Chapman, George MacKay, Daniel Mays, Colin Firth, Pip Carter Countries: United States, United Kingdom, India, Spain, Canada Plot: April 1917, the Western Front. Two British soldiers are sent to deliver an urgent message to an isolated regiment. If the message is not received in time the regiment will walk into a trap and be massacred. To get to the regiment they will need to cross through enemy territory. Time is of the essence and the journey will be fraught with danger. Also Known As: Χίλια Εννιακόσια Δεκαεπτά, Taistelulähetit - 1917, 1917: Speranță și moarte, 1917 命をかけた伝令, 1917, 1917 New.

21:9 Format Trailer on uhhhhhh. 1917 Full movies. THE ENERGY CHARTER TREATY Preamble THE CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THIS TREATY, Having regard to the Charter of Paris for a New Europe signed on 21 November 1990, Having regard to the European Energy Charter adopted in the Concluding Document of the Hague Conference on the European Energy Charter signed at The Hague on 17 December 1991, Recalling that all signatories to the Concluding Document of the Hague Conference undertook to pursue the objectives and principles of the European Energy Charter and implement and broaden their cooperation as soon as possible by negotiating in good faith an Energy Charter Treaty and Protocols, and desiring to place the commitments contained in that Charter on a secure and binding international legal basis; Desiring also to establish the structural framework required to implement the principles enunciated in the European Energy Charter; Wishing to implement the basic concept of the European Energy Charter initiative which is to catalyse economic growth by means of measures to liberalize investment and trade in energy; Affirming that Contracting Parties attach the utmost importance to the effective implementation of full national treatment and most favoured nation treatment, and that these commitments will be applied to the making of investments pursuant to a supplementary treaty, Having regard to the objective of progressive liberalization of international trade and to the principle of avoidance of discrimination in international trade as enunciated in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and its Related Instruments and as otherwise provided for in this Treaty; Determined progressively to remove technical, administrative and other barriers to trade in energy materials and products and related equipment, technologies and services; Looking to the eventual membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of those Contracting Parties which are not currently parties thereto and concerned to provide interim trade arrangements which will assist those Contracting Parties and not impede their preparation for such membership; Mindful of the rights and obligations of certain Contracting Parties which are also parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and its Related Instruments; Having regard to competition rules concerning mergers, monopolies, anti-competitive practices and abuse of dominant position, Having regard also to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Nuclear Suppliers Guidelines and other international nuclear non-proliferation obligations or understandings, Recognizing the necessity for the most efficient exploration, production, conversion, storage, transport, distribution and use of energy; Recalling the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution and its protocols, and other international environmental agreements with energy-related aspects; and Recognizing the increasingly urgent need for measures to protect the environment, including the decommissioning of energy installations and waste disposal, and for internationally-agreed objectives and criteria for these purposes, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: PART I DEFINITIONS AND PURPOSE Article 1 Definitions As used in this Treaty: 1. ‘Charter means the European Energy Charter adopted in the Concluding Document of the Hague Conference on the European Energy Charter signed at The Hague on 17 December 1991; signature of the Concluding Document is considered to be signature of the Charter. 2. ‘Contracting Party means a State or Regional Economic Integration Organization which has consented to be bound by this Treaty and for which the Treaty is in force. 3. ‘Regional Economic Integration Organization means an organization constituted by States to which they have transferred competence over certain matters a number of which are governed by this Treaty, including the authority to take decisions binding on them in respect of those matters. 4. ‘Energy materials and products, based on the Harmonized System of the Customs Cooperation Council and the combined nomenclature of the European Communities, means the items included in Annex EM. 5. ‘Economic activity in the energy sector means an economic activity concerning the exploration, extraction, refining, production, storage, land transport, transmission, distribution, trade, marketing, or sale of energy materials and products except those included in Annex NI, or concerning the distribution of heat to multiple premises. 6. ‘Investment means every kind of asset, owned or controlled directly or indirectly by an investor and includes: a) tangible and intangible, and movable and immovable, property, and any property rights such as leases, mortgages, liens, and pledges; b) a company or business enterprise, or shares, stock, or other forms of equity participation in a company or business enterprise, and bonds and other debt of a company or business enterprise; c) claims to money and claims to performance pursuant to contract having an economic value and associated with an investment; d) intellectual property; e) returns; f) any right conferred by law or contract or by virtue of any licences and permits granted pursuant to law to undertake any economic activity in the energy sector. A change in the form in which assets are invested does not affect their character as investments and the term ‘investment includes all investments, whether existing at or made after the later of the date of entry into force of this Treaty for the Contracting Party of the investor making the investment and that for the Contracting Party in the area of which the investment is made (hereinafter referred to as the ‘effective date) provided that the Treaty shall only apply to matters affecting such investments after the effective date. ‘Investment refers to any investment associated with an economic activity in the energy sector and to investments or classes of investments designated by a Contracting Party in its area as ‘Charter efficiency projects and so notified to the Secretariat. 7. ‘Investor means: with respect to a Contracting Party: i) a natural person having the citizenship or nationality of or who is permanently residing in that Contracting Party in accordance with its applicable law; ii) a company or other organization organized in accordance with the law applicable in that Contracting Party; with respect to a ‘third State, a natural person, company or other organization which fulfils, mutatis mutandis, the conditions specified in subparagraph (a) for a Contracting Party. 8. ‘Make investments or ‘making of investments means establishing new investments, acquiring all or part of existing investments or moving into different fields of investment activity. 9. ‘Returns means the amounts derived from or associated with an investment, irrespective of the form in which they are paid, including profits, dividends, interest, capital gains, royalty payments, management, technical assistance or other fees and payments in kind. 10. ‘Area means with respect to a State that is a Contracting Party: the territory under its sovereignty, it being understood that territory includes land, internal waters and the territorial sea; and subject to and in accordance with the international law of the sea: the sea, sea-bed and its subsoil with regard to which that Contracting Party exercises sovereign rights and jurisdiction. With respect to a Regional Economic Integration Organization which is a Contracting Party, area means the areas of the Member States of such Organization, under the provisions contained in the agreement establishing that Organization. 11. ‘GATT means ‘GATT 1947 or ‘GATT 1994, or both of them where both are applicable. ‘GATT 1947 means the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated 30 October 1947, annexed to the Final Act Adopted at the Conclusion of the Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, as subsequently rectified, amended or modified. ‘GATT 1994 means the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade as specified in Annex 1A of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, as subsequently rectified, amended or modified. A party to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization is considered to be a party to GATT 1994. ‘Related Instruments means, as appropriate: agreements, arrangements or other legal instruments, including decisions, declarations and understandings, concluded under the auspices of GATT 1947 as subsequently rectified, amended or modified; or the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization including its Annex 1 (except GATT 1994) its Annexes 2, 3 and 4, and the decisions, declarations and understandings related thereto, as subsequently rectified, amended or modified. 12. ‘Intellectual property includes copyrights and related rights, trademarks, geographical indications, industrial designs, patents, layout designs of integrated circuits and the protection of undisclosed information. 13. ‘Energy Charter Protocol or ‘Protocol means a treaty, the negotiation of which is authorized and the text of which is adopted by the Charter Conference, which is entered into by two or more Contracting Parties in order to complement, supplement, extend or amplify the provisions of this Treaty with respect to any specific sector or category of activity within the scope of this Treaty, or to areas of cooperation pursuant to Title III of the Charter. ‘Energy Charter Declaration or ‘Declaration means a non-binding instrument, the negotiation of which is authorized and the text of which is approved by the Charter Conference, which is entered into by two or more Contracting Parties to complement or supplement the provisions of this Treaty. 14. ‘Freely convertible currency means a currency which is widely traded in international foreign exchange markets and widely used in international transactions. Article 2 Purpose of the Treaty This Treaty establishes a legal framework in order to promote long-term cooperation in the energy field, based on complementarities and mutual benefits, in accordance with the objectives and principles of the Charter. PART II COMMERCE Article 3 International markets The Contracting Parties shall work to promote access to international markets on commercial terms, and generally to develop an open and competitive market, for energy materials and products. Article 4 Non-derogation from GATT and Related Instruments Nothing in this Treaty shall derogate, as between particular Contracting Parties which are parties to the GATT, from the provisions of the GATT and Related Instruments as they are applied between those Contracting Parties. Article 5 Trade-related investment measures 1.   A Contracting Party shall not apply any trade-related investment measure that is inconsistent with the provisions of Article III or XI of the GATT; this shall be without prejudice to the Contracting Party's rights and obligations under the GATT and Related Instruments and Article 29. 2.   Such measures include any investment measure which is mandatory or enforceable under domestic law or under any administrative ruling, or compliance with which is necessary to obtain an advantage, and which requires: the purchase or use by an enterprise of products of domestic origin or from any domestic source, whether specified in terms of particular products, in terms of volume or value of products, or in terms of a proportion of volume or value of its local production; or that an enterprise's purchase or use of imported products be limited to an amount related to the volume or value of local products that it exports; or which restricts: the importation by an enterprise of products used in or related to its local production, generally or to an amount related to the volume or value of local production that it exports; the importation by an enterprise of products used in or related to its local production by restricting its access to foreign exchange to an amount related to the foreign exchange inflows attributable to the enterprise; or the exportation or sale for export by an enterprise of products, whether specified in terms of particular products, in terms of volume or value of products, or in terms of a proportion of volume or value of its local production. 3.   Nothing in paragraph 1 shall be construed to prevent a Contracting Party from applying the trade-related investment measures described in subparagraphs 2 (a) and (c) as a condition of eligibility for export promotion, foreign aid, government procurement or preferential tariff or quota programmes. 4.   Notwithstanding paragraph 1, a Contracting Party may temporarily continue to maintain trade-related investment measures which were in effect more than 180 days before its signature of this Treaty, subject to the notification and phase-out provisions set out in Annex TRM. Article 6 Competition 1.   Each Contracting Party shall work to alleviate market distortions and barriers to competition in economic activity in the energy sector. 2.   Each Contracting Party shall ensure that within its jurisdiction it has and enforces such laws as are necessary and appropriate to address unilateral and concerted anti-competitive conduct in economic activity in the energy sector. 3.   Contracting Parties with experience in applying competition rules shall give full consideration to providing, upon request and within available resources, technical assistance on the development and implementation of competition rules to other Contracting Parties. 4.   Contracting Parties may cooperate in the enforcement of their competition rules by consulting and exchanging information. 5.   If a Contracting Party considers that any specified anti-competitive conduct carried out within the area of another Contracting Party is adversely affecting an important interest relevant to the purposes identified in this Article, the Contracting Party may notify the other Contracting Party and may request that its competition authorities initiate appropriate enforcement action. The notifying Contracting Party shall include in such notification sufficient information to permit the notified Contracting Party to identify the anti-competitive conduct that is the subject of the notification and shall include an offer of such further information and cooperation as the notifying Contracting Party is able to provide. The notified Contracting Party or, as the case may be, the relevant competition authorities may consult with the competition authorities of the notifying Contracting Party and shall accord full consideration to the request of the notifying Contracting Party in deciding whether or not to initiate enforcement action with respect to the alleged anti-competitive conduct identified in the notification. The notified Contracting Party shall inform the notifying Contracting Party of its decision or the decision of the relevant competition authorities and may if it wishes inform the notifying Contracting Party of the grounds for the decision. If enforcement action is initiated, the notified Contracting Party shall advise the notifying Contracting Party of its outcome and, to the extent possible, of any significant interim development. 6.   Nothing in this Article shall require the provision of information by a Contracting Party contrary to its laws regarding disclosure of information, confidentiality or business secrecy. 7.   The procedures set forth in paragraph 5 and Article 27 (1) shall be the exclusive means within this Treaty of resolving any disputes that may arise over the implementation or interpretation of this Article. Article 7 Transit 1.   Each Contracting Party shall take the necessary measures to facilitate the transit of energy materials and products consistent with the principle of freedom of transit and without distinction as to the origin, destination or ownership of such energy materials and products or discrimination as to pricing on the basis of such distinctions, and without imposing any unreasonable delays, restrictions or charges. 2.   Contracting Parties shall encourage relevant entities to cooperate in: modernizing energy transport facilities necessary to the transit of energy materials and products; the development and operation of energy transport facilities serving the areas of more than one Contracting Party; measures to mitigate the effects of interruptions in the supply of energy materials and products; facilitating the interconnection of energy transport facilities. 3.   Each Contracting Party undertakes that its provisions relating to transport of energy materials and products and the use of energy transport facilities shall treat energy materials and products in transit in no less favourable a manner than its provisions treat such materials and products originating in or destined for its own area, unless an existing international agreement provides otherwise. 4.   In the event that transit of energy materials and products cannot be achieved on commercial terms by means of energy transport facilities the Contracting Parties shall not place obstacles in the way of new capacity being established, except as may be otherwise provided in applicable legislation which is consistent with paragraph 1. 5.   A Contracting Party through whose area energy materials and products may transit shall not be obliged to permit the construction or modification of energy transport facilities; or permit new or additional transit through existing energy transport facilities, which it demonstrates to the other Contracting Parties concerned would endanger the security or efficiency of its energy systems, including the security of supply. Contracting Parties shall, subject to paragraphs 6 and 7, secure established flows of energy materials and products to, from or between the areas of other Contracting Parties. 6.   A Contracting Party through whose area energy materials and products transit shall not, in the event of a dispute over any matter arising from that transit, interrupt or reduce, permit any entity subject to its control to interrupt or reduce, or require any entity subject to its jurisdiction to interrupt or reduce the existing flow of energy materials and products prior to the conclusion of the dispute resolution procedures set out in paragraph 7, except where this is specifically provided for in a contract or other agreement governing such transit or permitted in accordance with the conciliator's decision. 7.   The following provisions shall apply to a dispute described in paragraph 6, but only following the exhaustion of all relevant contractual or other dispute resolution remedies previously agreed between the Contracting Parties party to the dispute or between any entity referred to in paragraph 6 and an entity of another Contracting Party party to the dispute: A Contracting Party party to the dispute may refer it to the Secretary-General by a notification summarizing the matters in dispute. The Secretary-General shall notify all Contracting Parties of any such referral. Within 30 days of receipt of such a notification, the Secretary-General, in consultation with the parties to the dispute and the other Contracting Parties concerned, shall appoint a conciliator. Such a conciliator shall have experience in the matters subject to dispute and shall not be a national or citizen of or permanently resident in a party to the dispute or one of the other Contracting Parties concerned. The conciliator shall seek the agreement of the parties to the dispute to a resolution thereof or upon a procedure to achieve such resolution. If within 90 days of his appointment he has failed to secure such agreement, he shall recommend a resolution to the dispute or a procedure to achieve such resolution and shall decide the interim tariffs and other terms and conditions to be observed for transit from a date which he shall specify until the dispute is resolved. The Contracting Parties undertake to observe and ensure that the entities under their control or jurisdiction observe any interim decision under subparagraph (c) on tariffs, terms and conditions for 12 months following the conciliator's decision or until resolution of the dispute, whichever is earlier. Notwithstanding subparagraph (b) the Secretary-General may elect not to appoint a conciliator if in his judgement the dispute concerns transit that is or has been the subject of the dispute resolution procedures set out in subpafagraphs (a) to (d) and those proceedings have not resulted in a resolution of the dispute. The Charter Conference shall adopt standard provisions concerning the conduct of conciliation and the compensation of conciliators. 8.   Nothing in this Article shall derogate from a Contracting Party's rights and obligations under international law including customary international law, existing bilateral or multilateral agreements, including rules concerning submarine cables and pipelines. 9.   This Article shall not be so interpreted as to oblige any Contracting Party which does not have a certain type of energy transport facilities used for transit to take any measure under this Article with respect to that type of energy transport facilities. Such a Contracting Party is, however, obliged to comply with paragraph 4. 10.   For the purposes of this Article: ‘Transit means: the carriage through the area of a Contracting Party, or to or from port facilities in its area for loading or unloading, of energy materials and products originating in the area of another State and destined for the area of a third State, so long as either the other State or the third State is a Contracting Party; or the carriage through the area of a Contracting Party of energy materials and products originating in the area of another Contracting Party and destined for the area of that other Contracting Party, unless the two Contracting Parties concerned decide otherwise and record their decision by a joint entry in Annex N. The two Contracting Parties may delete their listing in Annex N by delivering a joint written notification of their intentions to the Secretariat, which shall transmit that notification to all other Contracting Parties. The deletion shall take effect four weeks after such former notification. ‘Energy transport facilities consist of high-pressure gas transmission pipelines, high-voltage electricity transmission grids and lines, crude oil transmission pipelines, coal slurry pipelines, oil product pipelines, and other fixed facilities specifically for handling energy materials and products. Article 8 Transfer of technology 1.   The Contracting Parties agree to promote access to and transfer of energy technology on a commercial and non-discriminatory basis to assist effective trade in energy materials and products and investment and to implement the objectives of the Charter subject to their laws and regulations, and to the protection of intellectual property rights. 2.   Accordingly, to the extent necessary to give effect to paragraph 1 the Contracting Parties shall eliminate existing and create no new obstacles to the transfer of technology in the field of energy materials and products and related equipment and services, subject to non-proliferation and other international obligations. Article 9 Access to capital 1.   The Contracting Parties acknowledge the importance of open capital markets in encouraging the flow of capital to finance trade in energy materials and products and for the making of and assisting with regard to investments in economic activity in the energy sector in the areas of other Contracting Parties, particularly those with economies in transition. Each Contracting Party shall accordingly endeavour to promote conditions for access to its capital market by companies and nationals of other Contracting Parties, for the purpose of financing trade in energy materials and products and for the purpose of investment in economic activity in the energy sector in the areas of those other Contracting Parties, on a basis no less favourable than that which it accords in like circumstances to its own companies and nationals or companies and nationals of any other Contracting Party or any third State, whichever is the most favourable. 2.   A Contracting Party may adopt and maintain programmes providing for access to public loans, grants, guarantees or insurance for facilitating trade or investment abroad. It shall make such facilities available, consistent with the objectives, constraints and criteria of such programmes (including any objectives, constraints or criteria relating to the place of business of an applicant for any such facility or the place of delivery of goods or services supplied with the support of any such facility) for investments in the economic activity in the energy sector of other Contracting Parties or for financing trade in energy materials and products with other Contracting Parties. 3.   Contracting Parties shall, in implementing programmes in economic activity in the energy sector to improve the economic stability and investment climates of the Contracting Parties, seek as appropriate to encourage the operations and take advantage of the expertise of relevant international financial institutions. 4.   Nothing in this Article shall prevent: financial institutions from applying their own lending or underwriting practices based on market principles and prudential considerations; or a Contracting Party from taking measures: for prudential reasons, including the protection of investors, consumers, depositors, policy-holders or persons to whom a fiduciary duty is owed by a financial service supplier; or to ensure the integrity and stability of its financial system and capital markets. PART III INVESTMENT PROMOTION AND PROTECTION Article 10 Promotion, protection and treatment of investments 1.   Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty, encourage and create stable, equitable, favourable and transparent conditions for investors of other Contracting Parties to make investments in its area. Such conditions shall include a commitment to accord at all times to investments of investors of other Contracting Parties fair and equitable treatment. Such investments shall also enjoy the most constant protection and security and no Contracting Party shall in any way impair by unreasonable or discriminatory measures their management, maintenance, use, enjoyment or disposal. In no case shall such investments be accorded treatment less favourable than that required by international law, including treaty obligations. Each Contracting Party shall observe any obligations it has entered into with an investor or an investment of an investor of any other Contracting Party. 2.   Each Contracting Party shall endeavour to accord to investors of other Contracting Parties, as regards the making of investments in its area, the treatment described in paragraph 3. 3.   For the purposes of this Article, ‘treatment means treatment accorded by a Contracting Party which is no less favourable than that which it accords to its own investors or to investors of any other Contracting Party or any third State, whichever is the most favourable. 4.   A supplementary treaty shall, subject to conditions to be laid down therein, oblige each party thereto to accord to investors of other parties, as regards the making of investments in its area, the treatment described in paragraph 3. That treaty shall be open for signature by the States and Regional Economic Integration Organizations which have signed or acceded to this Treaty. Negotiations towards the supplementary treaty shall commence not later than 1 January 1995, with a view to concluding it by 1 January 1998. 5.   Each Contracting Party shall, as regards the making of investments in its area, endeavour to: limit to the minimum the exceptions to the Treatment described in paragraph 3; progressively remove existing restrictions affecting investors of other Contracting Parties. A Contracting Party may, as regards the making of investments in its area, at any time declare voluntarily to the Charter Conference, through the Secretariat, its intention not to introduce new exceptions to the treatment described in paragraph 3. A Contracting Party may, furthermore, at any time make a voluntary commitment to accord to investors of other Contracting Parties, as regards the making of investments in some or all economic activities in the energy sector in its area, the treatment described in paragraph 3. Such commitments shall be notified to the Secretariat and listed in Annex VC and shall be binding under this Treaty. 7.   Each Contracting Party shall accord to investments in its area of investors of other Contracting Parties, and their related activities including management, maintenance, use, enjoyment or disposal, treatment no less favourable than that which it accords to investments of its own investors or of the investors of any other Contracting Party or any third State and their related activities including management, maintenance, use, enjoyment or disposal, whichever is the most favourable. 8.   The modalities of application of paragraph 7 in relation to programmes under which a Contracting Party provides grants or other financial assistance, or enters into contracts, for energy technology research and development, shall be reserved for the supplementary treaty described in paragraph 4. Each Contracting Party shall through the Secretariat keep the Charter Conference informed of the modalities it applies to the programmes described in this paragraph. 9.   Each State or Regional Economic Integration Organization which signs or accedes to this Treaty shall, on the date it signs the Treaty or deposits its instrument of accession, submit to the Secretariat a report summarizing all laws, regulations or other measures relevant to: exceptions to paragraph 2; or the programmes referred to in paragraph 8. A Contracting Party shall keep its report up to date by promptly submitting amendments to the Secretariat. The Charter Conference shall review these reports periodically. In respect of subparagraph (a) the report may designate parts of the energy sector in which a Contracting Party accords to investors of other Contracting Parties the treatment described in paragraph 3. In respect of subparagraph (b) the review by the Charter Conference may consider the effects of such programmes on competition and investments. 10.   Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article, the treatment described in paragraphs 3 and 7 shall not apply to the protection of intellectual property; instead, the treatment shall be as specified in the corresponding provisions of the applicable international agreements for the protection of intellectual property rights to which the respective Contracting Parties are parties. 11.   For the purposes of Article 26, the application by a Contracting Party of a trade-related investment measure as described in Article 5 (1) and (2) to an investment of an investor of another Contracting Party existing at the time of such application shall, subject to Article 5 (3) and (4) be considered a breach of an obligation of the former Contracting Party under this part. 12.   Each Contracting Party shall ensure that its domestic law provides effective means for the assertion of claims and the enforcement of rights with respect to investments, investment agreements, and investment authorizations. Article 11 Key personnel 1.   A Contracting Party shall, subject to its laws and regulations relating to the entry, stay and work of natural persons, examine in good faith requests by investors of another Contracting Party, and key personnel who are employed by such investors or by investments of such investors, to enter and remain temporarily in its area to engage in activities connected with the making or the development, management, maintenance, use, enjoyment or disposal of relevant investments, including the provision of advice or key technical services. 2.   A Contracting Party shall permit investors of another Contracting Party which have investments in its area, and investments of such investors, to employ any key person of the investor's or the investment's choice regardless of nationality and citizenship provided that such key person has been permitted to enter, stay and work in the area of the former Contracting Party and that the employment concerned conforms to the terms, conditions and time limits of the permission granted to such key person. Article 12 Compensation for losses 1.   Except where Article 13 applies, an investor of any Contracting Party which suffers a loss with respect to any investment in the area of another Contracting Party owing to war or other armed conflict, state of national emergency, civil disturbance, or other similar event in that area, shall be accorded by the latter Contracting Party, as regards restitution, indemnification, compensation or other settlement, treatment which is the most favourable of that which that Contracting Party accords to any other investor, whether its own investor, the investor of any other Contracting Party, or the investor of any third State. 2.   Without prejudice to paragraph 1, an investor of a Contracting Party which, in any of the situations referred to in that paragraph, suffers a loss in the area of another Contracting Party resulting from: requisitioning of its investment or part thereof by the latter's forces or authorities; or destruction of its investment or part thereof by the latter's forces or authorities, which was not required by the necessity of the situation; shall be accorded restitution or compensation which in either case shall be prompt, adequate and effective. Article 13 Expropriation 1.   Investments of investors of a Contracting Party in the area of any other Contracting Party shall not be nationalized, expropriated or subjected to a measure or measures having effect equivalent to nationalization or expropriation (hereinafter referred to as ‘expropriation) except where such expropriation is: for a purpose which is in the public interest; not discriminatory; carried out under due process of law; and accompanied by the payment of prompt, adequate and effective compensation. Such compensation shall amount to the fair market value of the investment expropriated at the time immediately before the expropriation or impending expropriation became known in such a way as to affect the value of the investment (hereinafter referred to as the ‘valuation date. Such fair market value shall at the request of the investor be expressed in a freely convertible currency on the basis of the market rate of exchange existing for that currency on the valuation date. Compensation shall also include interest at a commercial rate established on a market basis from the date of expropriation until the date of payment. 2.   The investor affected shall have a right to prompt review, under the law of the Contracting Party making the expropriation, by a judicial or other competent and independent authority of that Contracting Party, of its case, of the valuation of its investment, and of the payment of compensation, in accordance with the principles set out in paragraph 1. 3.   For the avoidance of doubt, expropriation shall include situations where a Contracting Party expropriates the assets of a company or enterprise in its area in which an investor of any other Contracting Party has an investment, including through the ownership of shares. Article 14 Transfers related to investments 1.   Each Contracting Party shall with respect to investments in its area of investors of any other Contracting Party guarantee the freedom of transfer into and out of its area, including the transfer of: the initial capital plus any additional capital for the maintenance and development of an investment; payments under a contract, including amortization of principal and accrued interest payments pursuant to a loan agreement; unspent earnings and other remuneration of personnel engaged from abroad in connection with that investment; proceeds from the sale or liquidation of all or any part of an investment; payments arising out of the settlement of a dispute; g) payments of compensation pursuant to Articles 12 and 13. 2.   Transfers pursuant to paragraph 1 shall be effected without delay and (except in case of a return in kind) in a freely convertible currency. 3.   Transfers shall be made at the market rate of exchange existing on the date of transfer with respect to spot transactions in the currency to be transferred. In the absence of a market for foreign exchange, the rate to be used will be the most recent rate applied to inward investments or the most recent exchange rate for conversion of currencies into special drawing rights, whichever is more favourable to the investor. 4.   Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 to 3, a Contracting Party may protect the rights of creditors, or ensure compliance with laws on the issuing, trading and dealing in securities and the satisfaction of judgements in civil, administrative and criminal adjudicatory proceedings, through the equitable, non-discriminatory, and good faith application of its laws and regulations. 5.   Notwithstanding paragraph 2, Contracting Parties which are States that were constituent parts of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics may provide in agreements concluded between them that transfers of payments shall be made in the currencies of such Contracting Parties, provided that such agreements do not treat investments in their areas of investors of other Contracting Parties less favourably than either investments of investors of the Contracting Parties which have entered into such agreements or investments of investors of any third State. 6.   Notwithstanding subparagraph 1 (b) a Contracting Party may restrict the transfer of a return in kind in circumstances where the Contracting Party is permitted pursuant to Article 29 (2) a) or the GATT and Related Instruments to restrict or prohibit the exportation or the sale for export of the product constituting the return in kind; provided that a Contracting Party shall permit transfers of returns in kind to be effected as authorized or specified in an investment agreement, investment authorization, or other written agreement between the Contracting Party and either an investor of another Contracting Party or its investment. Article 15 Subrogation 1.   If a Contracting Party or its designated agency (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Indemnifying Party) makes a payment under an indemnity or guarantee given in respect of an investment of an investor (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Party Indemnified) in the area of another Contracting Party (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Host Party) the Host Party shall recognize: the assignment to the Indemnifying Party of all the rights and claims in respect of such investment; and the right of the Indemnifying Party to exercise all such rights and enforce such claims by virtue of subrogation. 2.   The Indemnifying Party shall be entitled in all circumstances to: the same treatment in respect of the rights and claims acquired by it by virtue of the assignment referred to in paragraph 1; and the same payments due pursuant to those rights and claims, as the Party Indemnified was entitled to receive by virtue of this Treaty in respect of the investment concerned. 3.   In any proceeding pursuant to Article 26, a Contracting Party shall not assert as a defence, counterclaim, right of set-off or for any other reason, that indemnification or other compensation for all or part of the alleged damages has been received or will be received pursuant to an insurance or guarantee contract. Article 16 Relation to other agreements Where two or more Contracting Parties have entered into a prior international agreement, or enter into a subsequent international agreement, whose terms in either case concern the subject matter of Part III or V of this Treaty; nothing in Part III or V of this Treaty shall be construed to derogate from any provision of such terms of the other agreement or from any right to dispute resolution with respect thereto under that agreement; and nothing in such terms of the other agreement shall be construed to derogate from any provision of Part III or V of this Treaty or from any right to dispute resolution with respect thereto under this Treaty; where any such provision is more favourable to the investor or investment. Article 17 Non-application of Part III in certain circumstances Each Contracting Party reserves the right to deny the advantages of this part to: a legal entity if citizens or nationals of a third State own or control such entity and if that entity has no substantial business activities in the area of the Contracting Party in which it is organized; or an investment, if the denying Contracting Party establishes that such investment is an investment of an investor of a third State with or as to which the denying Contracting Party: does not maintain a diplomatic relationship; or adopts or maintains measures that: prohibit transactions with investors of that State; or would be violated or circumvented if the benefits of this part were accorded to investors of that State or to their investments. PART IV MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Article 18 Sovereignty over energy resources 1.   The Contracting Parties recognize State sovereignty and sovereign rights over energy resources. They reaffirm that these must be exercised in accordance with and subject to the rules of international law. 2.   Without affecting the objectives of promoting access to energy resources, and exploration and development thereof on a commercial basis, the Treaty shall in no way prejudice the rules in Contracting Parties governing the system of property ownership of energy resources. 3.   Each State continues to hold in particular the rights to decide the geographical areas within its area to be made available for exploration and development of its energy resources, the optimalization of their recovery and the rate at which they may be depleted or otherwise exploited, to specify and enjoy any taxes, royalties or other financial payments payable by virtue of such exploration and exploitation, and to regulate the environmental and safety aspects of such exploration, development and reclamation within its area, and to participate in such exploration and exploitation, inter alia, through direct participation by the government or through State enterprises. 4.   The Contracting Parties undertake to facilitate access to energy resources, inter alia, by allocating in a non-discriminatory manner on the basis of published criteria authorizations, licences, concessions and contracts to prospect and explore for or to exploit or extract energy resources. Article 19 Environmental aspects 1.   In pursuit of sustainable development and taking into account its obligations under those international agreements concerning the environment to which it is party, each Contracting Party shall strive to minimize in an economically efficient manner harmful environmental impacts occurring either within or outside its area from all operations within the energy cycle in its area, taking proper account of safety. In doing so each Contracting Party shall act in a cost-effective manner. In its policies and actions each Contracting Party shall strive to take precautionary measures to prevent or minimize environmental degradation. The Contracting Parties agree that the polluter in the areas of Contracting Parties, should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution, including trans-boundary pollution, with due regard to the public interest and without distorting investment in the energy cycle or international trade. Contracting Parties shall accordingly: take account of environmental considerations throughout the formulation and implementation of their energy policies; promote market-oriented price formation and a fuller reflection of environmental costs and benefits throughout the energy cycle; having regard to Article 34 (4) encourage cooperation in the attainment of the environmental objectives of the Charter and cooperation in the field of international environmental standards for the energy cycle, taking into account differences in adverse effects and abatement costs between Contracting Parties; have particular regard to improving energy efficiency, to developing and using renewable energy sources, to promoting the use of cleaner fuels and to employing technologies and technological means that reduce pollution; promote the collection and sharing among Contracting Parties of information on environmentally sound and economically efficient energy policies and cost-effective practices and technologies; promote public awareness of the environmental impacts of energy systems, of the scope for the prevention or abatement of their adverse environmental impacts, and of the costs associated with various prevention or abatement measures; promote and cooperate in the research, development and application of energy efficient and environmentally sound technologies, practices and processes which will minimize harmful environmental impacts of all aspects of the energy cycle in an economically efficient manner; h) encourage favourable conditions for the transfer and dissemination of such technologies consistent with the adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights; promote the transparent assessment at an early stage and prior to decision, and subsequent monitoring, of environmental impacts of environmentally significant energy investment projects; j) promote international awareness and information exchange on Contracting Parties' relevant environmental programmes and standards and on the implementation of those programmes and standards; k) participate, upon request, and within their available resources, in the development and implementation of appropriate environmental programmes in the Contracting Parties. 2.   At the request of one or more Contracting Parties, disputes concerning the application or interpretation of provisions of this Article shall, to the extent that arrangements for the consideration of such disputes do not exist in other appropriate international fora, be reviewed by the Charter Conference aiming at a solution. 3.   For the purposes of this Article: ‘energy cycle means the entire energy chain, including activities related to prospecting for, exploration, production, conversion, storage, transport, distribution and consumption of the various forms of energy, and the treatment and disposal of wastes, as well as the decommissioning, cessation or closure of these activities, minimizing harmful environmental impacts; ‘environmental impact means any effect caused by a given activity on the environment, including human health and safety, flora, fauna, soil, air, water, climate, landscape and historical monuments or other physical structures or the interactions among these factors; it also includes effects on cultural heritage or socio-economic conditions resulting from alterations to those factors; ‘improving energy efficiency means acting to maintain the same unit of output (of a good or service) without reducing the quality or performance of the output, while reducing the amount of energy required to produce that output; ‘cost-effective means to achieve a defined objective at the lowest cost or to achieve the greatest benefit at a given cost. Article 20 Transparency 1.   Laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application which affect trade in energy materials and products are, in accordance with Article 29 (2) a) among the measures subject to the transparency disciplines of the GATT and relevant Related Instruments. 2.   Laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application made effective by any Contracting Party, and agreements in force between Contracting Parties, which affect other matters covered by this Treaty shall also be published promptly in such a manner as to enable Contracting Parties and investors to become acquainted with them. The provisions of this paragraph shall not require any Contracting Party to disclose confidential information which would impede law enforcement or otherwise be contrary to the public interest or would prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of any investor. 3.   Each Contracting Party shall designate one or more enquiry points to which requests for information about the abovementioned laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings may be addressed and shall communicate promptly such designation to the Secretariat which shall make it available on request. Article 21 Taxation 1.   Except as otherwise provided in this Article, nothing in this Treaty shall create rights or impose obligations with respect to taxation measures of the Contracting Parties. In the event of any inconsistency between this Article and any other provision of the Treaty, this Article shall prevail to the extent of the inconsistency. 2.   Article 7 (3) shall apply to taxation measures other than those on income or on capital, except that such provision shall not apply to: an advantage accorded by a Contracting Party pursuant to the tax provisions of any convention, agreement or arrangement described in subparagraph (7) a) ii) or any taxation measure aimed at ensuring the effective collection of taxes, except where the measure of a Contracting Party arbitrarily discriminates against energy materials and products originating in, or destined for the area of another Contracting Party or arbitrarily restricts benefits accorded pursuant to Article 7 (3. 3.   Article 10 (2) and (7) shall apply to taxation measures of the Contracting Parties other than those on income or on capital, except that such provisions shall not apply to: impose most favoured nation obligations with respect to advantages accorded by a Contracting Party pursuant to the tax provisions of any convention, agreement or arrangement described in subparagraph (7) a) ii) or resulting from membership of any Regional Economic Integration Organization; or any taxation measure aimed at ensuring the effective collection of taxes, except where the measure arbitrarily discriminates against an investor of another Contracting Party or arbitrarily restricts benefits accorded under the investment provisions of this Treaty. 4.   Article 29 (2) to (6) shall apply to taxation measures other than those on income or on capital. Article 13 shall apply to taxes. Whenever an issue arises pursuant to Article 13, to the extent it pertains to whether a tax constitutes an expropriation or whether a tax alleged to constitute an expropriation is discriminatory, the following provisions shall apply: the investor or the Contracting Party alleging expropriation shall refer the issue of whether the tax is an expropriation or whether the tax is discriminatory to the relevant competent tax authority. Failing such referral by the investor or the Contracting Party, bodies called upon to settle disputes pursuant to Article 26 (2) c) or 27 (2) shall make a referral to the relevant competent tax authorities; the competent tax authorities shall, within a period of six months of such referral, strive to resolve the issues so referred. Where non-discrimination issues are concerned, the competent tax authorities shall apply the non-discrimination provisions of the relevant tax convention or, if there is no non-discrimination provision in the relevant tax convention applicable to the tax or no such tax convention is in force between the Contracting Parties concerned, they shall apply the non-discrimination principles pursuant to the Model Tax Convention on Income and Capital of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; iii) bodies called upon to settle disputes pursuant to Article 26 (2) c) or 27 (2) may take into account any conclusions arrived at by the competent tax authorities regarding whether the tax is an expropriation. Such bodies shall take into account any conclusions arrived at within the six-month period prescribed in subparagraph (b) ii) by the competent tax authorities regarding whether the tax is discriminatory. Such bodies may also take into account any conclusions arrived at by the competent tax authorities after the expiry of the six-month period; iv) under no circumstances shall involvement of the competent tax authorities, beyond the end of the six-month period referred to in subparagraph (b) ii) lead to a delay of proceedings pursuant to Articles 26 and 27. 6.   For the avoidance of doubt, Article 14 shall not limit the right of a Contracting Party to impose or collect a tax by withholding or other means. 7.   For the purposes of this Article: The term ‘taxation measure includes: any provision relating to taxes of the domestic law of the Contracting Party or of a political subdivision thereof or a local authority therein; and any provision relating to taxes of any convention for the avoidance of double taxation or of any other international agreement or arrangement by which the Contracting Party is bound. There shall be regarded as taxes on income or on capital all taxes imposed on total income, on total capital or on elements of income or of capital, including taxes on gains from the alienation of property, taxes on estates, inheritances and gifts, or substantially similar taxes, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation. A ‘competent tax authority means the competent authority pursuant to a double taxation agreement in force between the Contracting Parties or, when no such agreement is in force, the minister or ministry responsible for taxes or their authorized representatives. For the avoidance of doubt, the terms ‘tax provisions and ‘taxes do not include customs duties. Article 22 State and privileged enterprises 1.   Each Contracting Party shall ensure that any State enterprise which it maintains or establishes shall conduct its activities in relation to the sale or provision of goods and services in its area in a manner consistent with the Contracting Party's obligations pursuant to Part III of this Treaty. 2.   No Contracting Party shall encourage or require such a State enterprise to conduct its activities in its area in a manner inconsistent with the Contracting Party's obligations pursuant to other provisions of this Treaty. 3.   Each Contracting Party shall ensure that if it establishes or maintains an entity and entrusts the entity with regulatory, administrative or other governmental authority, such entity shall exercise that authority in a manner consistent with the Contracting Party's obligations pursuant to this Treaty. 4.   No Contracting Party shall encourage or require any entity to which it grants exclusive or special privileges to conduct its activities in its area in a manner inconsistent with the Contracting Party's obligations pursuant to this Treaty. 5.   For the purposes of this Article, ‘entity includes any enterprise, agency or other organization or individual. Article 23 Observance by sub-national authorities 1.   Each Contracting Party is fully responsible pursuant to this Treaty for the observance of all provisions of the Treaty, and shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to it to ensure such observance by regional and local governments and authorities within its area. 2.   The dispute settlement provisions in Parts II, IV and V of this Treaty may be invoked in respect of measures affecting the observance of the Treaty by a Contracting Party which have been taken by regional or local governments or authorities within the area of the Contracting Party. Article 24 Exceptions 1.   This Article shall not apply to Articles 12, 13 and 29. 2.   The provisions of this Treaty other than: those referred to in paragraph 1; and with respect to subparagraph (i) Part III of the Treaty; shall not preclude any Contracting Party from adopting or enforcing any measure: necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health; essential to the acquisition or distribution of energy materials and products in conditions of short supply arising from causes outside the control of that Contracting Party, provided that any such measure shall be consistent with the principles that; A) all other Contracting Parties are entitled to an equitable share of the international supply of such energy materials and products; and (B) any such measure that is inconsistent with this Treaty shall be discontinued as soon as the conditions giving rise to it have ceased to exist; or designed to benefit investors who are aboriginal people or socially or economically disadvantaged individuals or groups or their investments and notified to the Secretariat as such, provided that such measure: has no significant impact on that Contracting Party's economy; and does not discriminate between investors of any other Contracting Party and investors of that Contracting Party not included among those for whom the measure is intended; provided that no such measure shall constitute a disguised restriction on economic activity in the energy sector, or arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between Contracting Parties or between investors or other interested persons of Contracting Parties. Such measures shall be duly motivated and shall not nullify or impair any benefit one or more other Contracting Parties may reasonably expect pursuant to this Treaty to an extent greater than is strictly necessary to the stated end. 3.   The provisions of this Treaty other than those referred to in paragraph 1 shall not be construed to prevent any Contracting Party from taking any measure which it considers necessary: for the protection of its essential security interests including those: relating to the supply of energy materials and products to a military establishment; or taken in time of war, armed conflict or other emergency in international relations; relating to the implementation of national policies respecting the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or needed to fulfil its obligations pursuant to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Nuclear Suppliers Guidelines, and other international nuclear non-proliferation obligations or understandings; or for the maintenance of public order. Such measure shall not constitute a disguised restriction on transit. 4.   The provisions of this Treaty which accord most favoured nation treatment shall not oblige any Contracting Party to extend to the investors of any other Contracting Party any preferential treatment: resulting from its membership of a free-trade area or customs union; or which is accorded by a bilateral or multilateral agreement concerning economic cooperation between States that were constituent parts of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics pending the establishment of their mutual economic relations on a definitive basis. Article 25 Economic Integration Agreements 1.   The provisions of this Treaty shall not be so construed as to oblige a Contracting Party which is party to an Economic Integration Agreement (hereinafter referred to as‘EIA) to extend, by means of most favoured nation treatment, to another Contracting Party which is not a party to that EIA, any preferential treatment applicable between the parties to that EIA as a result of their being parties thereto. 2.   For the purposes of paragraph 1, ‘EIA means an agreement substantially liberalizing, inter alia, trade and investment, by providing for the absence or elimination of substantially all discrimination between or among parties thereto through the elimination of existing discriminatory measures and/or the prohibition of new or more discriminatory measures, either at the entry into force of that agreement or on the basis of a reasonable time frame. 3.   This Article shall not affect the application of the GATT and Related Instruments according to Article 29. PART V DISPUTE SETTLEMENT Article 26 Settlement of disputes between an investor and a Contracting Party 1.   Disputes between a Contracting Party and an investor of another Contracting Party relating to an investment of the latter in the area of the former, which concern an alleged breach of an obligation of the former under Part III shall, if possible, be settled amicably. 2.   If such disputes can not be settled according to the provisions of paragraph 1 within a period of three months from the date on which either party to the dispute requested amicable settlement, the investor party to the dispute may choose to submit it for resolution: to the courts or administrative tribunals of the Contracting Party party to the dispute; in accordance with any applicable, previously agreed dispute settlement procedure; or in accordance with the following paragraphs of this Article. Subject only to subparagraphs (b) and (c) each Contracting Party hereby gives its unconditional consent to the submission of a dispute to international arbitration or conciliation in accordance with the provisions of this Article. The Contracting Parties listed in Annex ID do not give such unconditional consent where the investor has previously submitted the dispute under subparagraph (2) a) or (b. For the sake of transparency, each Contracting Party that is listed in Annex ID shall provide a written statement of its policies, practices and conditions in this regard to the Secretariat no later than the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval in accordance with Article 39 or the deposit of its instrument of accession in accordance with Article 41. A Contracting Party listed in Annex IA does not give such unconditional consent with respect to a dispute arising under the last sentence of Article 10(1. 4.   In the event that an investor chooses to submit the dispute for resolution under subparagraph (2) c) the investor shall further provide its consent in writing for the dispute to be submitted to: the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, established pursuant to the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States opened for signature at Washington, 18 March 1965 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Icsid Convention) if the Contracting Party of the investor and the Contracting Party party to the dispute are both parties to the Icsid Convention; or the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, established pursuant to the Convention referred to in subparagraph (a) i) under the rules governing the Additional Facility for the Administration of Proceedings by the Secretariat of the Centre (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Additional Facility Rules) if the Contracting Party of the investor or the Contracting Party party to the dispute, but not both, is a party to the Icsid Convention; a sole arbitrator or ad hoc arbitration tribunal established under the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (hereinafter referred to as ‘Uncitral) or an arbitral proceeding under the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce. The consent given in paragraph 3 together with the written consent of the investor given pursuant to paragraph 4 shall be considered to satisfy the requirement for: written consent of the parties to a dispute for purposes of Chapter II of the Icsid Convention and for purposes of the Additional Facility Rules; an ‘agreement in writing for purposes of Article II of the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, done at New York, 10 June 1958 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘New York Convention) and ‘the parties to a contract (to) have agreed in writing for the purposes of Article 1 of the Uncitral Arbitration Rules. Any arbitration pursuant to this Article shall at the request of any party to the dispute be held in a State that is a party to the New York Convention. Claims submitted to arbitration hereunder shall be considered to arise out of a commercial relationship or transaction for the purposes of Article I of that Convention. 6.   A tribunal established pursuant to paragraph 4 shall decide the issues in dispute in accordance with this Treaty and applicable rules and principles of international law. 7.   An investor other than a natural person which has the nationality of a Contracting Party party to the dispute on the date of the consent in writing referred to in paragraph 4 and which, before a dispute between it and that Contracting Party arises, is controlled by investors of another Contracting Party, shall for the purpose of Article 25 (2) b) of the Icsid Convention be treated as a ‘national of another Contracting State and shall for the purpose of Article 1 (6) of the Additional Facility Rules be treated as a ‘national of another State. 8.   The awards of arbitration, which may include an award of interest, shall be final and binding upon the parties to the dispute. An award of arbitration concerning a measure of a sub-national government or authority of the disputing Contracting Party shall provide that the Contracting Party may pay monetary damages in lieu of any other remedy granted. Each Contracting Party shall carry out without delay any such award and shall make provision for the effective enforcement in its area of such awards. Article 27 Settlement of disputes between Contracting Parties 1.   Contracting Parties shall endeavour to settle disputes concerning the application or interpretation of this Treaty through diplomatic channels. 2.   If a dispute has not been settled in accordance with paragraph 1 within a reasonable period of time, either party thereto may, except as otherwise provided in this Treaty or agreed in writing by the Contracting Parties, and except as concerns the application or interpretation of Article 6 or Article 19 or, for Contracting Parties listed in Annex LA, the last sentence of Article 10 (1) upon written notice to the other party to the dispute submit the matter to an ad hoc tribunal pursuant to this Article. 3.   Such an ad hoc arbitral tribunal shall be constituted as follows: The Contracting Party instituting the proceedings shall appoint one member of the tribunal and inform the other Contracting Party to the dispute of its appointment within 30 days of receipt of the notice referred to in paragraph 2 by the other Contracting Party. Within 60 days of the receipt of the written notice referred to in paragraph 2, the other Contracting Party party to the dispute shall appoint one member. If the appointment is not made within the time limit prescribed, the Contracting Party having instituted the proceedings may, within 90 days of the receipt of the written notice referred to in paragraph 2, request that the appointment be made in accordance with subparagraph (d. A third member, who may not be a national or citizen of a Contracting Party party to the dispute, shall be appointed by the Contracting Parties parties to the dispute. That member shall be the President of the tribunal. If, within 150 days of the receipt of the notice referred to in paragraph 2, the Contracting Parties are unable to agree on the appointment of a third member, that appointment shall be made, in accordance with subparagraph (d) at the request of either Contracting Party submitted within 180 days of the receipt of that notice. Appointments requested to be made in accordance with this paragraph shall be made by the Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of International Arbitration within 30 days of the receipt of a request to do so. If the Secretary-General is prevented from discharging this task, the appointments shall be made by the First Secretary of the Bureau. If the latter, in turn, is prevented from discharging this task, the appointments shall be made by the most senior deputy. Appointments made in accordance with subparagraphs (a) to (d) shall be made with regard to the qualifications and experience, particularly in matters covered by this Treaty, of the members to be appointed. In the absence of an agreement to the contrary between the Contracting Parties, the Arbitration Rules of Uncitral shall govern, except to the extent modified by the Contracting Parties parties to the dispute or by the arbitrators. The tribunal shall take its decisions by a majority vote of its members. The tribunal shall decide the dispute in accordance with this Treaty and applicable rules and principles of international law. The arbitral award shall be final and binding upon the Contracting Parties parties to the dispute. Where, in making an award, a tribunal finds that a measure of a regional or local government or authority within the area of a Contracting Party listed in Part I of Annex P is not in conformity with this Treaty, either party to the dispute may invoke the provisions of Part II of Annex P. The expenses of the tribunal, including the remuneration of its members, shall be borne in equal shares by the Contracting Parties parties to the dispute. The tribunal may, however, at its discretion direct that a higher proportion of the costs be paid by one of the Contracting Parties parties to the dispute. Unless the Contracting Parties parties to the dispute agree otherwise, the tribunal shall sit in The Hague, and use the premises and facilities of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. (l) A copy of the award shall be deposited with the Secretariat which shall make it generally available. Article 28 Non-application of Article 27 to certain disputes A dispute between Contracting Parties with respect to the application or interpretation of Article 5 or 29 shall not be settled pursuant to Article 27 unless the Contracting Parties parties to the dispute so agree. PART VI TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS Article 29 Interim provisions on trade-related matters 1.   The provisions of this Article shall apply to trade in energy materials and products while any Contracting Party is not a party to the GATT and Related Instruments. Trade in energy materials and products between Contracting Parties at least one of which is not a party to the GATT or a relevant Related Instrument shall be governed, subject to subparagraphs (b) and (c) and to the exceptions and rules provided for in Annex G, by the provisions of GATT 1947 and Related Instruments, as applied on 1 March 1994 and practised with regard to energy materials and products by parties to GATT 1947 among themselves, as if all Contracting Parties were parties to GATT 1947 and Related Instruments. Such trade of a Contracting Party which is a State that was a constituent part of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics may instead be governed, subject to the provisions of Annex TFU, by an agreement between two or more such States, until 1 December 1999 or the admission of that Contracting Party to the GATT, whichever is the earlier. As concerns trade between any two parties to the GATT, subparagraph (a) shall not apply if either of those parties is not a party to GATT 1947. 3.   Each signatory to this Treaty, and each State or Regional Economic Integration Organization acceding to this Treaty, shall on the date of its signature or of its deposit of its instrument of accession provide to the Secretariat a list of all tariff rates and other charges levied on energy materials and products at the time of importation or exportation, notifying the level of such rates and charges applied on such date of signature or deposit. Any changes to such rates or other charges shall be notified to the Secretariat, which shall inform the Contracting Parties of such changes. 4.   Each Contracting Party shall endeavour not to increase any tariff rate or other charge levied at the time of importation or exportation: in the case of the importation of energy materials and products described in Part I of the schedule relating to the Contracting Party referred to in Article II of the GATT, above the level set forth in that schedule, if the Contracting Party is a party to the GATT; in the case of the exportation of energy materials and products, and that of their importation if the Contracting Party is not a party to the GATT, above the level most recently notified to the Secretariat, except as permitted by the provisions made applicable by subparagraph 2 (a. 5.   A Contracting Party may increase such tariff rate or other charge above the level referred to in paragraph 4 only if: in the case of a rate or other charge levied at the time of importation, such action is not inconsistent with the applicable provisions of the GATT other than those provisions of GATT 1947 and Related Instruments listed in Annex G and the corresponding provisions of GATT 1994 and Related Instruments; or it has, to the fullest extent practicable under its legislative procedures, notified the Secretariat of its proposal for such an increase, given other interested Contracting Parties reasonable opportunity for consultation with respect to its proposal, and accorded consideration to any representations from such Contracting Parties. 6.   Signatories undertake to commence negotiations not later than 1 January 1995 with a view to concluding by 1 January 1998, as appropriate in the light of any developments in the world trading system, a text of an amendment to this Treaty which shall, subject to conditions to be laid down therein, commit each Contracting Party not to increase such tariffs or charges beyond the level prescribed under that amendment. 7.   Annex D shall apply to disputes regarding compliance with provisions applicable to trade pursuant to this Article and, unless both Contracting Parties agree otherwise, to disputes regarding compliance with Article 5 between Contracting Parties at least one of which is not a party to the GATT, except that Annex D shall not apply to any dispute between Contracting Parties, the substance of which arises under an agreement that: has been notified in accordance with and meets the other requirements of subparagraph 2 (b) and Annex TFU; or establishes a free-trade area or a customs union as described in Article XXIV of the GATT. Article 30 Developments in international trading arrangements Contracting Parties undertake that in the light of the results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations embodied principally in the Final Act thereof done at Marrakesh, 15 April 1994, they will commence consideration not later than 1 July 1995 or the entry into force of this Treaty, whichever is the later, of appropriate amendments to this Treaty with a view to the adoption of any such amendments by the Charter Conference. Article 31 Energy-related equipment The provisional Charter Conference shall at its first meeting commence examination of the inclusion of energy-related equipment in the trade provisions of this Treaty. Article 32 Transitional arrangements 1.   In recognition of the need for time to adapt to the requirements of a market economy, a Contracting Party listed in Annex T may temporarily suspend full compliance with its obligations under one or more of the following provisions of this Treaty, subject to the conditions in paragraphs 3 to 6: Article 6 (2) and (5) Article 7 (4) Article 9 (1) Article 10 (7) — specific measures Article 14 (1) d) — related only to transfer of unspent earnings Article 20 (3) Article 22 (1) and (3) 2.   Other Contracting Parties shall assist any Contracting Party which has suspended full compliance pursuant to paragraph 1 to achieve the conditions under which such suspension can be terminated. This assistance may be given in whatever form the other Contracting Parties consider most effective to respond to the needs notified pursuant to subparagraph 4 (c) including, where appropriate, through bilateral or multilateral arrangements. 3.   The applicable provisions, the stages towards full implementation of each, the measures to be taken and the date or, exceptionally, contingent event, by which each stage shall be completed and measure taken are listed in Annex T for each Contracting Party claiming transitional arrangements. Each such Contracting Party shall take the measure listed by the date indicated for the relevant provision and stage as set out in Annex T. Contracting Parties which have temporarily suspended full compliance pursuant to paragraph 1 undertake to comply fully with the relevant obligations by 1 July 2001. Should a Contracting Party find it necessary, due to exceptional circumstances, to request that the period of such temporary suspension be extended or that any further temporary suspension not previously listed in Annex T be introduced, the decision on a request to amend Annex T shall be made by the Charter Conference. 4.   A Contracting Party which has invoked transitional arrangements shall notify the Secretariat no less often than once every 12 months: of the implementation of any measures listed in its Annex T and of its general progress to full compliance; of the progress it expects to make during the next 12 months towards full compliance with its obligations, of any problem it foresees and of its proposals for dealing with that problem; of the need for technical assistance to facilitate completion of the stages set out in Annex T as necessary for the full implementation of this Treaty, or to deal with any problem notified pursuant to subparagraph (b) as well as to promote other necessary market-oriented reforms and modernization of its energy sector; of any possible need to make a request of the kind referred to in paragraph 3. 5.   The Secretariat shall: circulate to all Contracting Parties the notifications referred to in paragraph 4; circulate and actively promote, relying where appropriate on arrangements existing within other international organizations, the matching of needs for and offers of technical assistance referred to in paragraph 2 and subparagraph 4 (c) circulate to all Contracting Parties at the end of each six-month period a summary of any notifications made pursuant to subparagraph 4 (a) or (d. 6.   The Charter Conference shall annually review the progress by Contracting Parties towards implementation of the provisions of this Article and the matching of needs and offers of technical assistance referred to in paragraph 2 and subparagraph 4 (c. In the course of that review it may decide to take appropriate action. PART VII STRUCTURE AND INSTITUTIONS Article 33 Energy Charter Protocols and Declarations 1.   The Charter Conference may authorize the negotiation of a number of Energy Charter Protocols or Declarations in order to pursue the objectives and principles of the Charter. 2.   Any signatory to the Charter may participate in such negotiation. 3.   A State or Regional Economic Integration Organization shall not become a party to a Protocol or Declaration unless it is, or becomes at the same time, a signatory to the Charter and a Contracting Party to this Treaty. 4.   Subject to paragraph 3 and subparagraph 6 (a) final provisions applying to a Protocol shall be defined in that Protocol. 5.   A Protocol shall apply only to the Contracting Parties which consent to be bound by it, and shall not derogate from the rights and obligations of those Contracting Parties not party to the Protocol. A Protocol may assign duties to the Charter Conference and functions to the Secretariat, provided that no such assignment may be made by an amendment to a Protocol unless that amendment is approved by the Charter Conference, whose approval shall not be subject to any provisions of the Protocol which are authorized by subparagraph (b. A Protocol which provides for decisions thereunder to be taken by the Charter Conference may, subject to subparagraph (a) provide with respect to such decisions: for voting rules other than those contained in Article 36; that only parties to the Protocol shall be considered to be Contracting Parties for the purposes of Article 36 or eligible to vote under the rules provided for in the Protocol. Article 34 Energy Charter Conference 1.   The Contracting Parties shall meet periodically in the Energy Charter Conference (referred to herein as the ‘Charter Conference) at which each Contracting Party shall be entitled to have one representative. Ordinary meetings shall be held at intervals determined by the Charter Conference. 2.   Extraordinary meetings of the Charter Conference may be held at such times as may be determined by the Charter Conference, or at the written request of any Contracting Party, provided that, within six weeks of the request being communicated to the Contracting Parties by the Secretariat, it is supported by at least one-third of the Contracting Parties. 3.   The functions of the Charter Conference shall be to: carry out the duties assigned to it by this Treaty and any Protocols; keep under review and facilitate the implementation of the principles of the Charter and of the provisions of this Treaty and the Protocols; facilitate in accordance with this Treaty and the Protocols the coordination of appropriate general measures to carry out the principles of the Charter; consider and adopt programmes of work to be carried out by the Secretariat; consider and approve the annual accounts and budget of the Secretariat; consider and approve or adopt the terms of any headquarters or other agreement, including privileges and immunities considered necessary for the Charter Conference and the Secretariat; encourage cooperative efforts aimed at facilitating and promoting market-oriented reforms and modernization of energy sectors in those countries of central and eastern Europe and the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics undergoing economic transition; authorize and approve the terms of reference for the negotiation of Protocols, and consider and adopt the texts thereof and of amendments thereto; authorize the negotiation of declarations, and approve their issuance; decide on accessions to this Treaty; authorize the negotiation of and consider and approve or adopt association agreements; consider and adopt texts of amendments to this Treaty; m) consider and approve modifications of and technical changes to the Annexes to this Treaty; n) appoint the Secretary-General and take all decisions necessary for the establishment and functioning of the Secretariat including the structure, staff levels and standard terms of employment of officials and employees. 4.   In the performance of its duties, the Charter Conference, through the Secretariat, shall cooperate with and make as full a use as possible, consistently with economy and efficiency, of the services and programmes of other institutions and organizations with established competence in matters related to the objectives of this Treaty. 5.   The Charter Conference may establish such subsidiary bodies as it considers appropriate for the performance of its duties. 6.   The Charter Conference shall consider and adopt rules of procedure and financial rules. 7.   In 1999 and thereafter at intervals (of not more than five years) to be determined by the Charter Conference, the Charter Conference shall thoroughly review the functions provided for in this Treaty in the light of the extent to which the provisions of the Treaty and Protocols have been implemented. At the conclusion of each review the Charter Conference may amend or abolish the functions specified in paragraph 3 and may discharge the Secretariat. Article 35 Secretariat 1.   In carrying out its duties, the Charter Conference shall have a Secretariat which shall be composed of a Secretary-General and such staff as are the minimum consistent with efficient performance. 2.   The Secretary-General shall be appointed by the Charter Conference. The first such appointment shall be for a maximum period of five years. 3.   In the performance of its duties the Secretariat shall be responsible to and report to the Charter Conference. 4.   The Secretariat shall provide the Charter Conference with all necessary assistance for the performance of its duties and shall carry out the functions assigned to it in this Treaty or in any Protocol and any other functions assigned to it by the Charter Conference. 5.   The Secretariat may enter into such administrative and contractual arrangements as may be required for the effective discharge of its functions. Article 36 Voting 1.   Unanimity of the Contracting Parties present and voting at the meeting of the Charter Conference where such matters fall to be decided shall be required for decisions by the Charter Conference to: adopt amendments to this Treaty other than amendments to Articles 34 and 35 and Annex T; approve accessions to this Treaty pursuant to Article 41 by States or Regional Economic Integration Organizations which were not signatories to the Charter as of 16 June 1995; authorize the negotiation of and approve or adopt the text of association agreements; approve modifications to Annexes EM, NI, G and B; approve technical changes to the Annexes to this Treaty; and approve the Secretary-General's nominations of panelists pursuant to Annex D, paragraph 7. The Contracting Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement by consensus on any other matter requiring their decision pursuant to this Treaty. If agreement cannot be reached by consensus, paragraphs 2 to 5 shall apply. 2.   Decisions on budgetary matters referred to in Article 34 (3) e) shall be taken by a qualified majority of Contracting Parties whose assessed contributions as specified in Annex B represent, in combination, at least three-fourths of the total assessed contributions specified therein. 3.   Decisions on matters referred to in Article 34 (7) shall be taken by a three-fourths majority of the Contracting Parties. 4.   Except in cases specified in subparagraphs 1 (a) to (f) paragraphs 2 and 3, and subject to paragraph 6, decisions provided for in this Treaty shall be taken by a three-fourths majority of the Contracting Parties present and voting at the meeting of the Charter Conference at which such matters fall to be decided. 5.   For purposes of this Article, ‘Contracting Parties present and voting means Contracting Parties present and casting affirmative or negative votes, provided that the Charter Conference may decide upon rules of procedure to enable such decisions to be taken by Contracting Parties by correspondence. 6.   Except as provided in paragraph 2, no decision referred to in this Article shall be valid unless it has the support of a simple majority of the Contracting Parties. 7.   A Regional Economic Integration Organization shall, when voting, have a number of votes equal to the number of its Member States which are Contracting Parties to this Treaty; provided that such an Organization shall not exercise its right to vote if its Member States exercise theirs, and vice versa. 8.   In the event of persistent arrears in a Contracting Party's discharge of financial obligations pursuant to this Treaty, the Charter Conference may suspend that Contracting Party's voting rights in whole or in part. Article 37 Funding principles 1.   Each Contracting Party shall bear its own costs of representation at meetings of the Charter Conference and any subsidiary bodies. 2.   The cost of meetings of the Charter Conference and any subsidiary bodies shall be regarded as a cost of the Secretariat. 3.   The costs of the Secretariat shall be met by the Contracting Parties assessed according to their capacity to pay, determined as specified in Annex B, the provisions of which may be modified in accordance with Article 36 (1) d. 4.   A Protocol shall contain provisions to assure that any costs of the Secretariat arising from that Protocol are borne by the parties thereto. 5.   The Charter Conference may in addition accept voluntary contributions from one or more Contracting Parties or from other sources. Costs met from such contributions shall not be considered costs of the Secretariat for the purposes of paragraph 3. PART VIII FINAL PROVISIONS Article 38 Signature This Treaty shall be open for signature at Lisbon from 17 December 1994 to 16 June 1995 by the States and Regional Economic Integration Organizations which have signed the Charter. Article 39 Ratification, acceptance or approval This Treaty shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by signatories. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Depositary. Article 40 Application to territories 1.   Any State or Regional Economic Integration Organization may at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, by a declaration deposited with the Depositary, declare that the Treaty shall be binding upon it with respect to all the territories for the international relations of which it is responsible, or to one or more of them. Such declaration shall take effect at the time the Treaty enters into force for that Contracting Party. 2.   Any Contracting Party may at a later date, by a declaration deposited with the Depositary, bind itself under this Treaty with respect to other territory specified in the declaration. In respect of such territory the Treaty shall enter into force on the 90th day following the receipt by the Depositary of such declaration. 3.   Any declaration made under the two preceding paragraphs may, in respect of any territory specified in such declaration, be withdrawn by a notification to the Depositary. The withdrawal shall, subject to the applicability of Article 47 (3) become effective upon the expiry of one year after the date of receipt of such notification by the Depositary. 4.   The definition of ‘area in Article 1 (10) shall be construed having regard to any declaration deposited pursuant to this Article. Article 41 Accession This Treaty shall be open for accession, from the date on which the Treaty is closed for signature, by States and Regional Economic Integration Organizations which have signed the Charter, on terms to be approved by the Charter Conference. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Depositary. Article 42 Amendments 1.   Any Contracting Party may propose amendments to this Treaty. 2.   The text of any proposed amendment to this Treaty shall be communicated to the Contracting Parties by the Secretariat at least three months before the date on which it is proposed for adoption by the Charter Conference. 3.   Amendments to this Treaty, texts of which have been adopted by the Charter Conference, shall be communicated by the Secretariat to the Depositary which shall submit them to all Contracting Parties for ratification, acceptance or approval. 4.   Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of amendments to this Treaty shall be deposited with the Depositary. Amendments shall enter into force between Contracting Parties having ratified, accepted or approved them on the 90th day after deposit with the Depositary of instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval by at least three-fourths of the Contracting Parties. Thereafter the amendments shall enter into force for any other Contracting Party on the 90th day after that Contracting Party deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the amendments. Article 43 Association agreements 1.   The Charter Conference may authorize the negotiation of association agreements with States or Regional Economic Integration Organizations, or with international organizations, in order to pursue the objectives and principles of the Charter and the provisions of this Treaty or one or more Protocols. 2.   The relationship established with and the rights enjoyed and obligations incurred by an associating State, Regional Economic Integration Organization, or international organization shall be appropriate to the particular circumstances of the association, and in each case shall be set out in the association agreement. Article 44 Entry into force 1.   This Treaty shall enter into force on the 90th day after the date of deposit of the 30th instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval thereof, or of accession thereto, by a State or Regional Economic Integration Organization which is a signatory to the Charter as of 16 June 1995. 2.   For each State or Regional Economic Integration Organization which ratifies, accepts or approves this Treaty or accedes thereto after the deposit of the 30th instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval, it shall enter into force on the 90th day after the date of deposit by such State or Regional Economic Integration Organization of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. 3.   For the purposes of paragraph 1, any instrument deposited by a Regional Economic Integration Organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by Member States of such Organization. Article 45 Provisional application 1.   Each signatory agrees to apply this Treaty provisionally pending its entry into force for such signatory in accordance with Article 44, to the extent that such provisional application is not inconsistent with its constitution, laws or regulations. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 any signatory may, when signing, deliver to the Depositary a declaration that it is not able to accept provisional application. The obligation contained in paragraph 1 shall not apply to a signatory making such a declaration. Any such signatory may at any time withdraw that declaration by written notification to the Depositary. Neither a signatory which makes a declaration in accordance with subparagraph (a) nor investors of that signatory may claim the benefits of provisional application pursuant to paragraph 1. Notwithstanding subparagraph (a) any signatory making a declaration referred to in subparagraph (a) shall apply Part VII provisionally pending the entry into force of the Treaty for such signatory in accordance with Article 44, to the extent that such provisional application is not inconsistent with its laws or regulations. Any signatory may terminate its provisional application of this Treaty by written notification to the Depositary of its intention not to become a Contracting Party to the Treaty. Termination of provisional application for any signatory shall take effect upon the expiration of 60 days from the date on which such signatory's written notification is received by the Depositary. In the event that a signatory terminates provisional application pursuant to subparagraph (a) the obligation of the signatory pursuant to paragraph 1 to apply Parts III and V with respect to any investments made in its area during such provisional application by investors of other signatories shall nevertheless remain in effect with respect to those investments for 20 years following the effective date of termination, except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (c. Subparagraph (b) shall not apply to any signatory listed in Annex PA. A signatory shall be removed from the list in Annex PA effective upon delivery to the Depositary of its request therefor. 4.   Pending the entry into force of this Treaty the signatories shall meet periodically in the provisional Charter Conference, the first meeting of which shall be convened by the provisional Secretariat referred to in paragraph 5 not later than 180 days after the opening date for signature of the Treaty as specified in Article 38. 5.   The functions of the Secretariat shall be carried out on an interim basis by a provisional Secretariat until the entry into force of this Treaty pursuant to Article 44 and the establishment of a Secretariat. 6.   The signatories shall, in accordance with and subject to the provisions of paragraph 1 or subparagraph 2 (c) as appropriate, contribute to the costs of the provisional Secretariat as if the signatories were Contracting Parties pursuant to Article 37 (3. Any modifications made to Annex B by the signatories shall terminate upon the entry into force of this Treaty. 7.   A State or Regional Economic Integration Organization which, prior to this Treaty's entry into force, accedes to the Treaty in accordance with Article 41 shall, pending the Treaty's entry into force, have the rights and assume the obligations of a signatory pursuant to this Article. Article 46 Reservations No reservations may be made to this Treaty. Article 47 Withdrawal 1.   At any time after five years from the date on which this Treaty has entered into force for a Contracting Party, that Contracting Party may give written notification to the Depositary of its withdrawal from the Treaty. 2.   Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon the expiry of one year after the date of the receipt of the notification by the Depositary, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of withdrawal. 3.   The provisions of this Treaty shall continue to apply to investments made in the area of a Contracting Party by investors of other Contracting Parties or in the area of other Contracting Parties by investors of that Contracting Party as of the date when that Contracting Party's withdrawal from the Treaty takes effect for a period of 20 years from such date. 4.   All Protocols to which a Contracting Party is party shall cease to be in force for that Contracting Party on the effective date of its withdrawal from this Treaty. Article 48 Status of Annexes and Decisions The Annexes to this Treaty and the Decisions set out in Annex 2 to the Final Act of the European Energy Charter Conference signed at Lisbon on 17 December 1994 are integral parts of the Treaty. Article 49 Depositary The Government of the Portuguese Republic shall be the Depositary of this Treaty. Article 50 Authentic texts In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Treaty in English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish, of which every text is equally authentic, in one original, which will be deposited with the Government of the Portuguese Republic. Done at Lisbon on the seventeenth day of December in the year one thousand nine hundred and ninety-four. Fait à Lisbonne, le dix-sept décembre mil neuf cent quatre-vingt-quatorze. Geschehen zu Lissabon am siebzehnten Dezember neunzehnhundertvierundneunzig. Fatto a Lisbona il diciassettesimo giorno del mese di dicembre dell'anno millenovecentonovanta-quattro. Hecho en Lisboa, el diecisiete de diciembre de mil novecientos noventa y cuatro. Udfærdiget i Lissabon, den syttende december nittenhundrede og fireoghalvfems. Έγινε στη Λισαβόνα, σπς δέκα επτά Δεκεμβρίου του έτους χίλια ενιακόσια ενενήντα τέσσερα. Gedaan te Lissabon, de zeventiende december negentienhonderd vierennegentig. Feito em Lisboa, aos dezassete de Dezembro de mil novecentos e noventa e quatro. Tehty Lissabonissa seitsemäntenätoista päivänä joulukuuta tuhatyhdeksänsataayhdeksänkymmentäneljä. Som skedde i Lissabon den sjuttonde december nittonhundranittiofyra. Për Republikën e Shqipërisë For Australia Für die Republik Österreich Pour le royaume de Belgique Voor het Koninkrijk België Für das Königreich Belgien Cette signature engage également la Communauté française de Belgique, la Communauté flamande, la Communauté germanophone de Belgique, la Région wallonne, la Région flamande et la région de Bruxelles-Capitale. Deze handtekening bindt eveneens de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, de Franse Gemeenschap van België, de Duitstalige Gemeenschap van België, het Waals Gewest en het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest. Diese Unterschrift bindet ebenso die Flämische Gemeinschaft, die Französische Gemeinschaft Belgiens, die Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft Belgiens, die Flämische Region, die Wallonische Region und die Region Brüssel-Hauptstadt. For Canada Pour le Canada za Republiku Hrvatsku For the Republic of Cyprus Za Českou Republiku For Kongeriget Danmark Eesti Vabariigi nimel Por las Comunidades Europeas For De Europæiske Fællesskaber Für die Europäischen Gemeinschaften Για τις Ευρωπαϊκές Κοινότητες For the European Communities Pour les Communautés européennes Per le Comunità europee Voor de Europese Gemeenschappen Pelas Comunidades Europeias Euroopan yhteisöjen puolesta På Europeiska gemenskapernas vägnar Suomen tasavallan puolesta Pour la République française Für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland Για την Ελληνική Δημοκρατία A Magyar Köztársaság nevében Fyrir hönd Lyòveldisins islands Thar cheann na hÉireann For Ireland Per la Repubblica italiana Latvijas Republikas varda Für das Fürstentum Liechtenstein Lietuvos Respublikos vardu Pour le grand-duché de Luxembourg For the Republic of Malta Pentru Republica Moldova Voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden For Kongeriket Norge Za Rzeczpospolitą Polską Pela República Portuguesa Pentru Rômania Za Slovenskú republiku Za Republiko Slovenijo Por el Reino de España För Konungariket Sverige Für die Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft Pour la Confédération suisse Per la Confederazione svizzera Türkiye Cumhuriyeti adina For the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland For the United States of America ANNEXES TO THE ENERGY CHARTER TREATY TABLE OF CONTENTS Annex EM Energy materials and products (In accordance with Article 1 (4) 67 Annex NI Non-applicable energy materials and products for definition of ‘economic activity in the energy sector (In accordance with Article 1 (5) 68 Annex TRM Notification and phase-out (TRIMs) In accordance with Article 5 (4) Annex N List of Contracting Parties requiring at least three separate areas to be involved in a transit (In accordance with Article 7 (10) a) 69 Annex VC List of Contracting Parties which have made voluntary binding commitments in respect of Article 10 (3) In accordance with Article 10 (6) Annex ID List of Contracting Parties not allowing an investor to resubmit the same dispute to international arbitration at a later stage pursuant to Article 26 (In accordance with Article 26 (3) b) i) 70 Annex IA List of Contracting Parties not allowing an investor or Contracting Party to submit a dispute concerning the last sentence of Article 10 (1) to international arbitration (In accordance with Articles 26 (3) c) and 27 (2) Annex P Special sub-national dispute procedure (In accordance with Article 27 (3) i) Annex G Exceptions and rules governing the application of the provisions of the GATT and Related Instruments (In accordance with Article 29 (2) a) 72 Annex TFU Provisions regarding trade agreements between States which were constituent parts of the Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (In accordance with Article 29 (2) b) 75 Annex D Interim provisions for trade dispute settlement (In accordance with Article 29 (7) 76 Annex B Formula for allocating charter costs (In accordance with Article 37 (3) 80 Annex PA List of signatories which do not accept the provisional application obligation of Article 45 (3) b) In accordance with Article 45 (3) c) Annex T Contracting Parties' transitional measures (In accordance with Article 32 (1) 81 1.    Annex EM ENERGY MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS Nuclear energy 2612 Uranium or thorium ores and concentrates. 2612 10 Uranium ores and concentrates. 2612 20 Thorium ores and concentrates. 2844 Radioactive chemical elements and radioactive isotopes (including the fissile or fertile chemical elements and isotopes) and their compounds; mixtures and residues containing these products. 2844 10 Natural uranium and its compounds. 2844 20 Uranium enriched in U235 and its compounds; plutonium and its compounds. 2844 30 Uranium depleted in U235 and its compounds; thorium and its compounds. 2844 40 Radioactive elements and isotopes and radioactive compounds other than 2844 10, 2844 20 or 2844 30. 284450 Spent (irradiated) fuel elements (cartridges) of nuclear reactors. 284510 Heavy water (deuterium oxide. Coal, natural gas, petroleum and petroleum products, electrical energy 2701 Coal, briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal. 2702 Lignite, whether or not agglomerated excluding jet. 2703 Peat (including peat litter) whether or not agglomerated. 2704 Coke and semi-coke of coal, of lignite or of peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon. 2705 Coal gas, water gas, producer gas and similar gases, other than petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons. 2706 Tar distilled from coal, from lignite or from peat, and other mineral tars, whether or not dehydrated or partially distilled, including reconstituted tars. 2707 Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; similar products in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the non-aromatic constituents (e. g., benzole, toluole, xylole, naphtalene, other aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures, phenols, creosote oils and others. 2708 Pitch and pitch coke, obtained from coal tar or from other mineral tars. 2709 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude. 2710 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, other than crude. 2711 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons Liquified: — natural gas, propane, butanes, ethylene, propylene, butylene and butadiene (2711 14) other. In gaseous state: 2713 Petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen and other residues of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals. 2714 Bitumen and asphalt, natural; bituminous or oil shale and tar sands; asphaltites and asphaltic rocks. 2715 Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch (e. g., bituminous mastics, cut-backs. 2716 Electrical energy. Other energy 4401 10 Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms. 4402 Charcoal (including charcoal from shells or nuts) whether or not agglomerated. 2.    Annex NI NON-APPLICABLE ENERGY MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS FOR DEFINITION OF ‘ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE ENERGY SECTOR 3.    Annex TRM NOTIFICATION AND PHASE-OUT (TRIMs) Each Contracting Party shall notify to the Secretariat all trade-related investment measures which it applies that are not in conformity with the provisions of Article 5, within: 90 days after the entry into force of this Treaty if the Contracting Party is a party to the GATT; or 12 months after the entry into force of this Treaty if the Contracting Party is not a party to the GATT. Such trade-related investment measures of general or specific application shall be notified along with their principal features. In the case of trade-related investment measures applied under discretionary authority, each specific application shall be notified. Information that would prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises need not be disclosed. Each Contracting Party shall eliminate all trade-related investment measures which are notified under paragraph 1 within: two years from the date of entry into force of this Treaty if the Contracting Party is a party to the GATT; or three years from the date of entry into force of this Treaty if the Contracting Party is not a party to the GATT. During the applicable period referred to in paragraph 3 a Contracting Party shall not modify the terms of any trade-related investment measure which it notifies pursuant to paragraph 1 from those prevailing at the date of entry into force of this Treaty so as to increase the degree of inconsistency with the provisions of Article 5 of this Treaty. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 4, a Contracting Party, in order not to disadvantage established enterprises which are subject to a trade-related investment measure notified pursuant to paragraph 1, may apply during the phase-out period the same trade-related investment measure to a new investment where: the products of such investment are like products to those of the established enterprises; and such application is necessary to avoid distorting the conditions of competition between the new investment and the established enterprises. Any trade-related investment measure so applied to a new investment shall be notified to the Secretariat. The terms of such a trade-related investment measure shall be equivalent in their competitive effect to those applicable to the established enterprises, and it shall be terminated at the same time. Where a State or Regional Economic Integration Organization accedes to this Treaty after the Treaty has entered into force: the notification referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be made by the later of the applicable date in paragraph 1 or the date of deposit of the instrument of accession; and the end of the phase-out period shall be the later of the applicable date in paragraph 3 or the date on which the Treaty enters into force for that State or Regional Economic Integration Organization. 4.    Annex N LIST OF CONTRACTING PARTIES REQUIRING AT LEAST THREE SEPARATE AREAS TO BE INVOLVED IN A TRANSIT Canada and United States of America 5.    Annex VC LIST OF CONTRACTING PARTIES WHICH HAVE MADE VOLUNTARY BINDING COMMITMENTS IN RESPECT OF ARTICLE 10 (3) 6.    Annex ID LIST OF CONTRACTING PARTIES NOT ALLOWING AN INVESTOR TO RESUBMIT THE SAME DISPUTE TO INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION AT A LATER STAGE PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 26 Australia Azerbaijan Bulgaria Canada Croatia Cyprus The Czech Republic European Communities Finland Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan 15. Kazakhstan 16. Norway 17. Poland 18. Portugal 19. Romania 20. The Russian Federation 21. Slovenia 22. Spain 23. Sweden 24. United States of America 7.    Annex IA LIST OF CONTRACTING PARTIES NOT ALLOWING AN INVESTOR OR CONTRACTING PARTY TO SUBMIT A DISPUTE CONCERNING THE LAST SENTENCE OF ARTICLE 10 (1) TO INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION 8.    Annex P SPECIAL SUB-NATIONAL DISPUTE PROCEDURE Where, in making an award, the tribunal finds that a measure of a regional or local government or authority of a Contracting Party (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Responsible Party) is not in conformity with a provision of this Treaty, the Responsible Party shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to it to ensure observance of the Treaty in respect of the measure. The Responsible Party shall, within 30 days from the date the award is made, provide to the Secretariat written notice of its intentions as to ensuring observance of the Treaty in respect of the measure. The Secretariat shall present the notification to the Charter Conference at the earliest practicable opportunity, and no later than the meeting of the Charter Conference following receipt of the notice. If it is impracticable to ensure observance immediately, the Responsible Party shall have a reasonable period of time in which to do so. The reasonable period of time shall be agreed by both parties to the dispute. In the event that such agreement is not reached, the Responsible Party shall propose a reasonable period for approval by the Charter Conference. Where the Responsible Party fails, within the reasonable period of time, to ensure observance in respect of the measure, it shall at the request of the other Contracting Party party to the dispute (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Injured Party) endeavour to agree with the Injured Party on appropriate compensation as a mutually satisfactory resolution of the dispute. If no satisfactory compensation has been agreed within 20 days of the request of the Injured Party, the Injured Party may with the authorization of the Charter Conference suspend such of its obligations to the Responsible Party under the Treaty as it considers equivalent to those denied by the measure in question, until such time as the Contracting Parties have reached agreement on a resolution of their dispute or the non-conforming measure has been brought into conformity with the Treaty. In considering what obligations to suspend, the Injured Party shall apply the following principles and procedures: The Injured Party should first seek to suspend obligations with respect to the same part of the Treaty as that in which the tribunal has found a violation. f the Injured Party considers that it is not practicable or effective to suspend obligations with respect to the same part of the Treaty, it may seek to suspend obligations in other parts of the Treaty. If the Injured Party decides to request authorization to suspend obligations under this subparagraph, it shall state the reasons therefor in its request to the Charter Conference for authorization. On written request of the Responsible Party, delivered to the Injured Party and to the President of the tribunal that rendered the award, the tribunal shall determine whether the level of obligations suspended by the Injured Party is excessive, and if so, to what extent. If the tribunal cannot be reconstituted, such determination shall be made by one or more arbitrators appointed by the Secretary-General. Determinations pursuant to this paragraph shall be completed within 60 days of the request to the tribunal or the appointment by the Secretary-General. Obligations shall not be suspended pending the determination, which shall be final and binding. In suspending any obligations to a Responsible Party, an Injured Party shall make every effort not to affect adversely the rights under the Treaty of any other Contracting Party. 9.    Annex G EXCEPTIONS AND RULES GOVERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE GATT AND RELATED INSTRUMENTS The following provisions of GATT 1947 and Related Instruments shall not be applicable under Article 29 (2) a) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade II Schedules of concessions (and the Schedules to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) IV Special provisions relating to cinematographic films XV Exchange arrangements XVIII Governmental assistance to economic development XXII Consultation XXIII Nullification or impairment XXV Joint action by the Contracting Parties XXVI Acceptance. Entry into force and registration XXVII Withholding or withdrawal of concessions XXVIII Modification of Schedules XXVIIIa Tariff negotiations XXIX The relation of this Agreement to the Havana Charter XXX XXXI XXXII Contracting Parties XXXIII XXXV Non-application of the Agreement between particular Contracting Parties XXXVI Principles and objectives XXXVII Commitments XXXVIII Joint action Annex H Relating to Article XXVI Annex I Notes and supplementary provisions (related to above GATT Articles) Safeguard action for development purposes Understanding regarding notification, consultation, dispute settlement and surveillance. Related Instruments Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (Standards Code) Preamble (paragraphs 1, 8, 9) 1. 3. General provisions 2. 6. 4. Preparation, adoption and application of technical regulations and standards by central government bodies 10. 6. Information about technical regulations, standards and certification systems Technical assistance to other Parties Special and differential treatment of developing countries The Committee on Technical Barriers to Trade Consultation and dispute settlement Final provisions (other than 15. 5 and 15. 13) Annex 2 Technical Expert Groups Annex 3 Panels Agreement on Government Procurement Agreement on Interpretation and Application of Articles VI, XVI and XXIII (Subsidies and Countervailing Measures) Export subsidies on certain primary products Consultations Conciliation, dispute settlement and authorized counter measures Developing countries Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Conciliation Dispute settlement 19. 2. Acceptance and accession 19. 4. 19. 5. (a) National legislation 19. 6. Review 19. 7. 19. 8. 19. 9. Non-application of this Agreement between particular signatories 19. 11. 19. 12. Deposit 19. 13. Registration Agreement on Implementation of Article VII (Customs Valuation) 1. 2. (b) iv) Transaction value 11. 1. Determination of customs value Application of Annexes (second sentence) Institutions (Committee on Customs Valuation) 25. 1. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Annex II Technical Committee on Customs Valuation Annex III Ad hoc panels Protocol to the Agreement on Implementation of Article VII (except I. 7 and I. 8; with necessary conforming introductory language) v) Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures 1. 4. General provisions (last sentence) 2. 2. Automatic import licensing (footnote 2) Institutions, consultation and dispute settlement Final provisions (except paragraph 2) vi) Agreement on Implementation of Article VI (Antidumping Code) Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices Consultation, conciliation and dispute settlement Final provisions (except paragraphs 1 and 3) vii) Arrangement regarding bovine meat (viii) International dairy arrangement (ix) Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft (x) Declaration on trade measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes. All other provisions in the GATT or Related Instruments which relate to: governmental assistance to economic development and the treatment of developing countries, except for paragraphs 1 to 4 of the Decision of 28 November 1979 (L/4903) on differential and more favourable treatment, reciprocity and fuller participation of developing countries; the establishment or operation of specialist committees and other subsidiary institutions; signature, accession, entry into force, withdrawal, deposit and registration. All agreements, arrangements, decisions, understandings or other joint action pursuant to the provisions listed in subparagraphs (a) to (c. Contracting Parties shall apply the provisions of the ‘Declaration on trade measures taken for balance-of-payments purposes to measures taken by those Contracting Parties which are not parties to the GATT, to the extent practicable in the context of the other provisions of this Treaty. With respect to notifications required by the provisions made applicable by Article 29 (2) a) Contracting Parties which are not parties to the GATT or a Related Instrument shall make their notifications to the Secretariat. The Secretariat shall circulate copies of the notifications to all Contracting Parties. Notifications to the Secretariat shall be in one of the authentic languages of this Treaty. The accompanying documents may be solely in the language of the Contracting Party; such requirements shall not apply to Contracting Parties to this Treaty which are also parties to the GATT and Related Instruments, which contain their own notification requirements. Trade in nuclear materials may be governed by agreements referred to in the declarations related to this paragraph contained in the Final Act of the European Energy Charter Conference. 10.    Annex TFU PROVISIONS REGARDING TRADE AGREEMENTS BETWEEN STATES WHICH WERE CONSTITUENT PARTS OF THE FORMER UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS Any agreement referred to in Article 29 (2) b) shall be notified in writing to the Secretariat by or on behalf of all of the parties to such agreement which sign or accede to this Treaty: in respect of an agreement in force as of a date three months after the date on which the first of such parties signs or deposits its instrument of accession to the Treaty, no later than six months after such date of signature or deposit; and in respect of an agreement which enters into force on a date subsequent to the date referred to in subparagraph (a) sufficiently in advance of its entry into force for other States or Regional Economic Integration Organizations which have signed or acceded to the Treaty (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Interested Parties) to have a reasonable opportunity to review the agreement and make representations concerning it to the parties thereto and to the Charter Conference prior to such entry into force. The notification shall include: copies of the original texts of the agreement in all languages in which it has been signed; a description, by reference to the items included in Annex EM, of the specific energy materials and products to which it applies; an explanation, separately for each relevant provision of the GATT and Related Instruments made applicable by Article 29 (2) a) of the circumstances which make it impossible or impracticable for the parties to the agreement to conform fully with that provision; the specific measures to be adopted by each party to the agreement to address the circumstances referred to in subparagraph (c) and a description of the parties' programmes for achieving a progressive reduction and ultimate elimination of the agreement's non-conforming provisions. Parties to an agreement notified in accordance with paragraph 1 shall afford to the Interested Parties a reasonable opportunity to consult with them with respect to such agreement, and shall accord consideration to their representations. Upon the request of any of the Interested Parties, the agreement shall be considered by the Charter Conference, which may adopt recommendations with respect thereto. The Charter Conference shall periodically review the implementation of agreements notified pursuant to paragraph 1 and the progress having been made towards the elimination of provisions thereof that do not conform with provisions of the GAIT and Related Instruments made applicable by Article 29 (2) a. Upon the request of any of the Interested Parties, the Charter Conference may adopt recommendations with respect to such an agreement. An agreement described in Article 29 (2) b) may in case of exceptional urgency be allowed to enter into force without the notification and consultation provided for in subparagraph 1 (b) paragraphs 2 and 3, provided that such notification takes place and the opportunity for such consultation is afforded promptly. In such a case the parties to the agreement shall nevertheless notify its text in accordance with subparagraph 2 (a) promptly upon its entry into force. Contracting Parties which are or become parties to an agreement described in Article 29 (2) b) undertake to limit the non-conformities thereof with the provisions of the GATT and Related Instruments made applicable by Article 29 (2) a) to those necessary to address the particular circumstances and to implement such an agreement so as least to deviate from those provisions. They shall make every effort to take remedial action in light of representations from the Interested Parties and of any recommendations of the Charter Conference. 11.    Annex D INTERIM PROVISIONS FOR TRADE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT In their relations with one another, Contracting Parties shall make every effort through cooperation and consultations to arrive at a mutually satisfactory resolution of any dispute about existing measures that might materially affect compliance with the provisions applicable to trade pursuant to Article 5 or 29. A Contracting Party may make a written request to any other Contracting Party for consultations regarding any existing measure of the other Contracting Party that it considers might affect materially compliance with provisions applicable to trade pursuant to Article 5 or 29. A Contracting Party which requests consultations shall to the fullest extent possible indicate the measure complained of and specify the provisions of Article 5 or 29 and of the GATT and Related Instruments that it considers relevant. Requests to consult pursuant to this paragraph shall be notified to the Secretariat, which shall periodically inform the Contracting Parties of pending consultations that have been notified. A Contracting Party shall treat any confidential or proprietary information identified as such and contained in or received in response to a written request, or received in the course of consultations, in the same manner in which it is treated by the Contracting Party providing the information. In seeking to resolve matters considered by a Contracting Party to affect compliance with provisions applicable to trade pursuant to Article 5 or 29 as between itself and another Contracting Party, the Contracting Parties participating in consultations or other dispute settlement shall make every effort to avoid a resolution that adversely affects the trade of any other Contracting Party. If, within 60 days from the receipt of the request for consultation referred to in subparagraph 1 (b) the Contracting Parties have not resolved their dispute or agreed to resolve it by conciliation, mediation, arbitration or other method, either Contracting Party may deliver to the Secretariat a written request for the establishment of a panel in accordance with subparagraphs (b) to (f. In its request the requesting Contracting Party shall state the substance of the dispute and indicate which provisions of Article 5 or 29 and of the GATT and Related Instruments are considered relevant. The Secretariat shall promptly deliver copies of the request to all Contracting Parties. The interests of other Contracting Parties shall be taken into account during the resolution of a dispute. Any other Contracting Party having a substantial interest in a matter shall have the right to be heard by the panel and to make written submissions to it, provided that both the disputing Contracting Parties and the Secretariat have received written notice of its interest no later than the date of establishment of the panel, as determined in accordance with subparagraph (c. A panel shall be deemed to be established 45 days after the receipt of the written request of a Contracting Party by the Secretariat pursuant to subparagraph (a. A panel shall be composed of three members who shall be chosen by the Secretary-General from the roster described in paragraph 7. Except where the disputing Contracting Parties agree otherwise, the members of a panel shall not be citizens of Contracting Parties which either are party to the dispute or have notified their interest in accordance with subparagraph (b) or citizens of States members of a Regional Economic Integration Organization which either is party to the dispute or has notified its interest in accordance with subparagraph (b. The disputing Contracting Parties shall respond within 10 working days to the nominations of panel members and shall not oppose nominations except for compelling reasons. Panel members shall serve in their individual capacities and shall neither seek nor take instruction from any government or other body. Each Contracting Party undertakes to respect these principles and not to seek to influence panel members in the performance of their tasks. Panel members shall be selected with a view to ensuring their independence, and that a sufficient diversity of backgrounds and breadth of experience are reflected in a panel. The Secretariat shall promptly notify all Contracting Parties that a panel has been constituted. The Charter Conference shall adopt rules of procedure for panel proceedings consistent with this Annex. Rules of procedure shall be as close as possible to those of the GATT and Related Instruments. A panel shall also have the right to adopt additional rules of procedure not inconsistent with the rules of procedure adopted by the Charter Conference or with this Annex. In a proceeding before a panel each disputing Contracting Party and any other Contracting Party which has notified its interest in accordance with subparagraph 2 (b) shall have the right to at least one hearing before the panel and to provide a written submission. Disputing Contracting Parties shall also have the right to provide a written rebuttal. A panel may grant a request by any other Contracting Party which has notified its interest in accordance with subparagraph 2 (b) for access to any written submission made to the panel, with the consent of the Contracting Party which has made it. The proceedings of a panel shall be confidential. A panel shall make an objective assessment of the matters before it, including the facts of the dispute and the compliance of measures with the provisions applicable to trade pursuant to Article 5 or 29. In exercising its functions, a panel shall consult with the disputing Contracting Parties and give them adequate opportunity to arrive at a mutually satisfactory solution. Unless otherwise agreed by the disputing Contracting Parties, a panel shall base its decision on the arguments and submissions of the disputing Contracting Parties. Panels shall be guided by the interpretations given to the GATT and Related Instruments within the framework of the GATT, and shall not question the compatibility with Article 5 or 29 of practices applied by any Contracting Party which is a party to the GATT to other parties to the GATT to which it applies the GATT and which have not been taken by those other parties to dispute resolution under the GATT. Unless otherwise agreed by the disputing Contracting Parties, all procedures involving a panel, including the issuance of its final report, should be completed within 180 days of the date of establishment of the panel; however, a failure to complete all procedures within this period shall not affect the validity of a final report. A panel shall determine its jurisdiction; such determination shall be final and binding. Any objection by a disputing Contracting Party that a dispute is not within the jurisdiction of the panel shall be considered by the panel, which shall decide whether to deal with the objection as a preliminary question or to join it to the merits of the dispute. In the event of two or more requests for establishment of a panel in relation to disputes that are substantively similar, the Secretary-General may with the consent of all the disputing Contracting Parties appoint a single panel. After having considered rebuttal arguments, a panel shall submit to the disputing Contracting Parties the descriptive sections of its draft written report, including a statement of the facts and a summary of the arguments made by the disputing Contracting Parties. The disputing Contracting Parties shall be afforded an opportunity to submit written comments on the descriptive sections within a period set by the panel. Following the date set for receipt of comments from the Contracting Parties, the panel shall issue to the disputing Contracting Parties an interim written report, including both the descriptive sections and the panel's proposed findings and conclusions. Within a period set by the panel a disputing Contracting Party may submit to the panel a written request that the panel review specific aspects of the interim report before issuing a final report. Before issuing a final report the panel may, in its discretion, meet with the disputing Contracting Parties to consider the issues raised in such a request. The final report shall include descriptive sections (including a statement of the facts and a summary of the arguments made by the disputing Contracting Parties) the panel's findings and conclusions, and a discussion of arguments made on specific aspects of the interim report at the stage of its review. The final report shall deal with every substantial issue raised before the panel and necessary to the resolution of the dispute and shall state the reasons for the panel's conclusions. A panel shall issue its final report by providing it promptly to the Secretariat and to the disputing Contracting Parties. The Secretariat shall at the earliest practicable opportunity distribute the final report, together with any written views that a disputing Contracting Party desires to have appended, to all Contracting Parties. Where a panel concludes that a measure introduced or maintained by a Contracting Party does not comply with a provision of Article 5 or 29 or with a provision of the GATT or a Related Instrument that applies pursuant to Article 29, the panel may recommend in its final report that the Contracting Party alter or abandon the measure or conduct so as to be in compliance with that provision. Panel reports shall be adopted by the Charter Conference. In order to provide sufficient time for the Charter Conference to consider panel reports, a report shall not be adopted by the Charter Conference until at least 30 days after it has been provided to all Contracting Parties by the Secretariat. Contracting Parties having objections to a panel report shall give written reasons for their objections to the Secretariat at least 10 days prior to the date on which the report is to be considered for adoption by the Charter Conference, and the Secretariat shall promptly provide them to all Contracting Parties. The disputing Contracting Parties and Contracting Parties which notified their interest in accordance with subparagraph 2 (b) shall have the right to participate fully in the consideration of the panel report on that dispute by the Charter Conference, and their views shall be fully recorded. In order to ensure effective resolution of disputes to the benefit of all Contracting Parties, prompt compliance with rulings and recommendations of a final panel report that has been adopted by the Charter Conference is essential. A Contracting Party which is subject to a ruling or recommendation of a final panel report that has been adopted by the Charter Conference shall inform the Charter Conference of its intentions regarding compliance with such ruling or recommendation. In the event that immediate compliance is impracticable, the Contracting Party concerned shall explain its reasons for non-compliance to the Charter Conference and, in light of this explanation, shall have a reasonable period of time to effect compliance. The aim of dispute resolution is the modification or removal of inconsistent measures. Where a Contracting Party has failed within a reasonable period of time to comply with a ruling or recommendation of a final panel report that has been adopted by the Charter Conference, a Contracting Party to the dispute injured by such non-compliance may deliver to the non-complying Contracting Party a written request that the non-complying Contracting Party enter into negotiations with a view to agreeing upon mutually acceptable compensation. If so requested the non-complying Contracting Party shall promptly enter into such negotiations. If the non-complying Contracting Party refuses to negotiate, or if the Contracting Parties have not reached agreement within 30 days after delivery of the request for negotiations, the injured Contracting Party may make a written request for authorization of the Charter Conference to suspend obligations owed by it to the non-complying Contracting Party pursuant to Article 5 or 29. The Charter Conference may authorize the injured Contracting Party to suspend such of its obligations to the non-complying Contracting Party, under provisions of Article 5 or 29 or under provisions of the GATT or Related Instruments that apply pursuant to Article 29, as the injured Contracting Party considers equivalent in the circumstances. The suspension of obligations shall be temporary and shall be applied only until such time as the measure found to be inconsistent with Article 5 or 29 has been removed, or until a mutually satisfactory solution is reached. Before suspending such obligations the injured Contracting Party shall inform the non-complying Contracting Party of the nature and level of its proposed suspension. If the non-complying Contracting Party delivers to the Secretary-General a written objection to the level of suspension of obligations proposed by the injured Contracting Party, the objection shall be referred to arbitration as provided below. The proposed suspension of obligations shall be stayed until the arbitration has been completed and the determination of the arbitral panel has become final and binding in accordance with subparagraph (e. The Secretary-General shall establish an arbitral panel in accordance with subparagraphs 2 (d) to (f) which if practicable shall be the same panel which made the ruling or recommendation referred to in subparagraph 4 (d) to examine the level of obligations that the injured Contracting Party proposes to suspend. Unless the Charter Conference decides otherwise the rules of procedure for panel proceedings shall be adopted in accordance with subparagraph 3 (a. The arbitral panel shall determine whether the level of obligations proposed to be suspended by the injured Contracting Party is excessive in relation to the injury it experienced, and if so, to what extent. It shall not review the nature of the obligations suspended, except in so far as this is inseparable from the determination of the level of suspended obligations. The arbitral panel shall deliver its written determination to the injured and the non-complying Contracting Parties and to the Secretariat within 60 days of the establishment of the panel or within such other period as may be agreed by the injured and the non-complying Contracting Parties. The Secretariat shall present the determination to the Charter Conference at the earliest practicable opportunity, and no later than the meeting of the Charter Conference following receipt of the determination. The determination of the arbitral panel shall become final and binding 30 days after the date of its presentation to the Charter Conference, and any level of suspension of benefits allowed thereby may thereupon be put into effect by the injured Contracting Party in such manner as that Contracting Party considers equivalent in the circumstances, unless prior to the expiration of the 30 days period the Charter Conference decides otherwise. In suspending any obligations to a non-complying Contracting Party, an injured Contracting Party shall make every effort not to affect adversely the trade of any other Contracting Party. Each Contracting Party may designate two individuals who shall, in the case of Contracting Parties which are also party to the GATT, if they are willing and able to serve as panellists pursuant to this Annex, be panellists currently nominated for the purpose of GATT dispute panels. The Secretary-General may also designate, with the approval of the Charter Conference, not more than 10 individuals, who are willing and able to serve as panellists for purposes of dispute resolution in accordance with paragraphs 2 to 4. The Charter Conference may in addition decide to designate for the same purposes up to 20 individuals, who serve on dispute settlement rosters of other international bodies, who are willing and able to serve as panellists. The names of all of the individuals so designated shall constitute the dispute settlement roster. Individuals shall be designated strictly on the basis of objectivity, reliability and sound judgement and, to the greatest extent possible, shall have expertise in international trade and energy matters, in particular as relates to provisions applicable pursuant to Article 29. In fulfilling any function pursuant to this Annex, designees shall not be affiliated with or take instructions from any Contracting Party. Designees shall serve for renewable terms of five years and until their successors have been designated. A designee whose term expires shall continue to fulfil any function for which that individual has been chosen pursuant to this Annex. In the case of death, resignation or incapacity of a designee, the Contracting Party or the Secretary-General, whichever designated said designee, shall have the right to designate another individual to serve for the remainder of that designee's term, the designation by the Secretary-General being subject to approval of the Charter Conference. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in this Annex, Contracting Parties are encouraged to consult throughout the dispute resolution proceeding with a view to settling their dispute. The Charter Conference may appoint or designate other bodies or fora to perform any of the functions delegated in this Annex to the Secretariat and the Secretary-General. 12.    Annex B FORMULA FOR ALLOCATING CHARTER COSTS Contributions payable by Contracting Parties shall be determined by the Secretariat annually on the basis of their percentage contributions required under the latest available United Nations Regular Budget Scale of Assessment (supplemented by information on theoretical contributions for any Contracting Parties which are not UN members. The contributions shall be adjusted as necessary to ensure that the total of all Contracting Parties' contributions is 100. 13.    Annex PA LIST OF SIGNATORIES WHICH DO NOT ACCEPT THE PROVISIONAL APPLICATION OBLIGATION OF ARTICLE 45 (3) b) Germany Lithuania The Slovak Republic 14.    Annex T CONTRACTING PARTIES' TRANSITIONAL MEASURES List of Contracting Parties entitled to transitional arrangements Albania Armenia Belarus Estonia Georgia Kyrgyzstan Latvia Moldova Slovakia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan List of provisions subject to transitional arrangements Provision Page Article 6 (2) 82 Article 6 (5) 84 86 87 Article 10 (7) 88 Article 14 (1) d) 89 Article 22 (3) 90 ‘Each Contracting Party shall ensure that within its jurisdiction it has and enforces such laws as are necessary and appropriate to address unilateral and concerted anti-competitive conduct in economic activity in the energy sector. COUNTRY: ALBANIA Sector All energy sectors. Level of government National. Description There is no law on protection of competition in Albania. The law No 7746 of 28 July 1993 on hydrocarbons and the law No 7796 of 17 February 1994 on minerals do not include such provisions. There is no law on electricity which is in the stage of preparation. This law is planned to be submitted to the Parliament by the end of 1996. In these laws Albania intends to include provisions on anti-competitive conduct. Phase-out 1 January 1998. COUNTRY: ARMENIA At present a State monopoly exists in Armenia in most energy sectors. There is no law on protection of competition, thus the rules of competition are not yet being implemented. There are no laws on energy. The draft laws on energy are planned to be submitted to the Parliament in 1994. The laws are envisaged to include provisions on anti-competitive behaviour, which would be harmonized with the EC legislation on competition. 31 December 1997. COUNTRY: AZERBAIJAN The anti-monopoly legislation is at the stage of elaboration. 1 January 2000. COUNTRY: BELARUS Anti-monopoly legislation is at the stage of elaboration. COUNTRY: GEORGIA Laws on demonopolization are at present at the stage of elaboration in Georgia and that is why the State has so far the monopoly for practically all energy sources and energy resources, which restricts the possibility of competition in the energy and fuel complex. 1 January 1999. COUNTRY: KAZAKHSTAN The law on development of competition and restriction of monopolistic activities (No 656 of 11 June 1991) has been adopted, but is of a general nature. It is necessary to develop the legislation further, in particular by means of adopting relevant amendments or adopting a new law. COUNTRY: KYRGYZSTAN The law on anti-monopoly policies has already been adopted. The transitional period is needed to adapt provisions of this law to the energy sector which is now strictly regulated by the State. 1 July 2001. COUNTRY: MOLDOVA The law on restriction of monopolistic activities and development of competition of 29 January 1992 provides an organizational and legal basis for the development of competition, and of measures to prevent, limit and restrict monopolistic activities; it is oriented towards implementing market economy conditions. This law, however, does not provide for concrete measures of anti-competitive conduct in the energy sector, nor does it cover completely the requirements of Article 6. In 1995 drafts of a law on competition and a State programme of demonopolization of the economy will be submitted to the Parliament. The draft law on energy which will also be submitted to the Parliament in 1995 will cover issues on demonopolization and development of competition in the energy sector. COUNTRY: ROMANIA The rules of competition are not yet implemented in Romania. The draft law on protection of competition has been submitted to the Parliament and is scheduled to be adopted during 1994. The draft contains provisions with respect to anti-competitive behaviour, harmonized with the EC's law on competition. 31 December 1996. COUNTRY: THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION The Federation. A comprehensive framework of anti-monopoly legislation has been created in the Russian Federation but other legal and organizational measures to prevent, limit or suppress monopolistic activities and unfair competition will have to be adopted and in particular in the energy sector. COUNTRY: SLOVENIA Law on protection of competition adopted in 1993 and published in Official Journal No 18/93 treats anti-competitive conduct generally. The existing law also provides for conditions for the establishment of competition authorities. At present the main competition authority is the Office of Protection of Competition in the Ministry of Economic Relations and Development. With regard to importance of energy sector a separate law in this respect is foreseen and thus more time for full compliance is needed. COUNTRY: TAJIKISTAN In 1993 Tajikistan passed the law on demonopolization and competition. However, due to the difficult economic situation in Tajikistan, the jurisdiction of the law has been temporarily suspended. COUNTRY: TURKMENISTAN Under the Ruling of the President of Turkmenistan No 1532 of 21 October 1993 the Committee on Restricting Monopolistic Activities has been etablished and is acting now, the function of which is to protect enterprises and other entities from monopoly conduct and practices and to promote the formation of market principles on the basis of the development of competition and entrepreneurship. Further development of legislation and regulations is needed which would regulate anti-monopoly conduct of enterprises in the economic activity in the energy sector. COUNTRY: UZBEKISTAN The law on restricting monopoly activities has been adopted in Uzbekistan and has been in force since July 1992. However, the law (as is specified in Article 1 (3) does not extend to the activities of enterprises in the energy sector. ‘If a Contracting Party considers that any specified anti-competitive conduct carried out within the area of another Contracting Party is adversely affecting an important interest relevant to the purposes identified in this Article, the Contracting Party may notify the other Contracting Party and may request that its competition authorities initiate appropriate enforcement action. The notifying Contracting Party shall include in such notification sufficient information to permit the notified Contracting Party to identify the anti-competitive conduct that is the subject of the notification and shall include an offer of such further information and cooperation as that Contracting Party is able to provide. If enforcement action is initiated, the notified Contracting Party shall advise the notifying Contracting Party of its outcome and, to the extent possible, of any significant interim development. In Albania there are no established institutions to enforce the competition rules. Such institutions will be provided for in the law on the protection of competition which is planned to be finalized in 1996. Institutions to enforce the provisions of this paragraph have not been established in Armenia. The laws on energy and protection of competition are planned to include provisions to establish such institutions. Anti-monopoly authorities shall be established after the adoption of anti-monopoly legislation. Laws on demonopolization are at present at the stage of elaboration in Georgia and that is why there are no competition authorities established yet. An Anti-monopoly Committee has been established in Kazakhstan, but its activity needs improvement, both from legislative and organizational points of view, in order to elaborate an effective mechanism handling the complaints on anti-competitive conduct. There is no mechanism in Kyrgyzstan to control the anticompetitive conduct and the relevant legislation. It is necessary to establish relevant anti-monopoly authorities. The Ministry of Economy is responsible for the control of competitive conduct in Moldova. Relevant amendments have been made to the law on breach of administrative rules, which envisage some penalties for violating rules of competition by monopoly enterprises. The draft law on competition which is now at the stage of elaboration will have provisions on the enforcement of competition rules. Institutions to enforce the provisions of this paragraph have not been established in Romania. The institutions charged with the enforcement of competition rules are provided for in the draft law on protection of competition which is scheduled to be adopted during 1994. The draft also provides a period of nine months for enforcement, starting with the date of its publication. According to the Europe Agreement establishing an association between Romania and the European Communities, Romania was granted a period of five years to implement competition rules. Tajikistan has adopted laws on demonopolization and competition, but institutions to enforce competition rules are in the stage of development. The law on restricting monopoly activities has been adopted in Uzbekistan and has been in force since July 1992. However, the law (as is specified in Article 1 (3) does not extend to the activities of the enterprises in the energy sector. ‘In the event that transit of energy materials and products cannot be achieved on commercial terms by means of energy transport facilities the Contracting Parties shall not place obstacles in the way of new capacity being established, except as may be otherwise provided in applicable legislation which is consistent with paragraph 1. It is necessary to adopt a set of laws on energy, including licensing procedures regulating transit. During a transition period it is envisaged to build and modernize power transmission lines, as well as generating capacities with the aim of bringing their technical level to the world requirements and adjusting to conditions of a market economy. 31 December 1999. Laws on energy, land and other subjects are being worked out at present, and until their final adoption, uncertainty remains as to the conditions for establishing new transport capacities for energy carriers in the territory of Belarus. 31 December 1998. COUNTRY: BULGARIA Bulgaria has no laws regulating transit of energy materials and products. An overall restructuring is ongoing in the energy sector, including development of institutional framework, legislation and regulation. The transitional period of seven years is necessary to bring the legislation concerning the transit of energy materials and products in full compliance with this provision. It is necessary to prepare a set of laws on the matter. At present there are substantially different conditions for the transport and transit of various energy sources in Georgia (electric power, natural gas, oil products, coal. COUNTRY: HUNGARY Electricity industry. According to the current legislation establishment and operation of high-voltage transmission lines is a State monopoly. The creation of the new legal and regulatory framework for establishment, operation and ownership of high-voltage transmission lines is under preparation. The Ministry of Industry and Trade has already taken the initiative to put forward a new Act on Electricity Power, that will have its impact also on the Civil Code and on the Act on Concession. Compliance can be achieved after entering in force of the new law on electricity and related regulatory decrees. COUNTRY: POLAND Polish law on energy, being in the final stage of coordination, stipulates for creating new legal regulations similar to those applied by free market countries (licenses to generate, transmit, distribute and trade in energy carriers. Until it is adopted by the Parliament a temporary suspension of obligations under this paragraph is required. 31 December 1995. ‘The Contracting Parties acknowledge the importance of open capital markets in encouraging the flow of capital to finance trade in energy materials and products and for the making of and assisting with regard to investments in economic activity in the energy sector in the areas of other Contracting Parties, particularly those with economies in transition. Each Contracting Party shall accordingly endeavour to promote conditions for access to its capital market by companies and nationals of other Contracting Parties, for the purpose of financing trade in energy materials and products and for the purpose of investment in economic activity in the energy sector in the areas of those other Contracting Parties, on a basis no less favourable than that which it accords in like circumstances to its own companies and nationals or companies and nationals of any other Contracting Party or any third State, whichever is the most favourable. Relevant legislation is at the stage of elaboration. Relevant legislation is at the stage of preparation. 1 January 1997. The bill on foreign investments is at the stage of authorization approval with the aim to adopt it by the Parliament in autumn 1994. Relevant legislation is currently under preparation. 1 July 2001 Article 10 (7) — Specific measures ‘Each Contracting Party shall accord to investments in its area of investors of another Contracting Party, and their related activities including management, maintenance, use, enjoyment or disposal, treatment no less favourable than that which it accords to investments of its own investors or of the investors of any other Contracting Party or any third State and their related activities including management, maintenance, use, enjoyment or disposal, whichever is the most favourable. Foreign persons may not acquire property rights over land. A company with more than 50% of foreign person's share may not acquire property right over agricultural land. Foreigners and foreign legal persons may not aquire property rights over land except by way of inheritance according to the law. In this case they have to make it over. A foreign person may aquire property rights over buildings, but without property rights over the land. Foreign persons or companies with foreign controlling participation must obtain a permit before performing the following activities: exploration, development and extraction of natural resources from the territorial sea, continental shelf or exclusive economic zone, acquisition of real estate in geographic regions designated by the Council of Ministers, the permits are issued by the Council of Ministers or by a body authorized by the Council of Ministers. ‘Each Contracting Party shall with respect to investments in its area of investors of any other Contracting Party guarantee the freedom of transfer into and out of its area, including the transfer of: unspent earnings and other remuneration of personnel engaged from abroad in connection with that investment; Foreign nationals employed by companies with more than 50% of foreign participation, or by a foreign person registered as sole trader or a branch or a representative office of a foreign company in Bulgaria, receiving their salary in Bulgarian leva, may purchase foreign currency not exeeding 70% of their salary, including social security payments. According to the Act on Investments of Foreigners in Hungary, Article 33, foreign top managers, executive managers, members of the Supervisory Board and foreign employees may transfer their income up to 50% of their aftertax earnings derived from the company of their employment through the bank of their company. The phase out of this particular restriction depends on the progress Hungary is able to make in the implementation of the foreign exchange liberalization programme whose final target is the full convertibility of the Forint. This restriction does not create barriers to foreign investors. Phase-out is based on stipulations of Article 32. ‘Each Contracting Party shall designate one or more enquiry points to which requests for information about the abovementioned laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings may be addressed and shall communicate promptly such designation to the Secretariat which shall make it available on request. In Armenia there are no official enquiry points yet to which requests for information about the relevant laws and other regulations could be addressed. There is no information centre either. There is a plan to establish such a centre in 1994 to 1995. Technical assistance is required. There are no official enquiry points so far in Azerbaijan to which requests for information about relevant laws and regulations could be addressed. At present such information is concentrated in various organizations. Official enquiry offices which could give information on laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings do not exist yet in Belarus. As far as the judicial decisions and administrative rulings are concerned there is no practice of their publishing. The process of establishing enquiry points has begun. As far as the judicial decisions and administrative rulings are concerned they are not published in Kazakhstan (except for some decisions made by the Supreme Court) because they are not considered to be sources of law. To change the existing practice will require a long transitional period. It is necessary to establish enquiry points. The Federation and the Republics constituting Federation. No official enquiry points exist in the Russian Federation as of now to which requests for information about relevant laws and other regulation acts could be addressed. As far as the judicial decisions and administrative rulings are concerned they are not considered to be sources of law. 31 December 2000. In Slovenia there are no official enquiry points yet to which requests for information about relevant laws and other regulatory acts could be addressed. At present such information is available in various ministries. The law on foreign investments which is under preparation foresees establishment of such an enquiry point. There are no enquiry points yet in Tajikistan to which requests for information about relevant laws and other regulations could be addressed. It is only a question of having available funding. COUNTRY: UKRAINE Improvement of the present transparency of laws up to the level of international practice is required. Ukraine will have to establish enquiry points providing information about laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings and standards of general application. ‘Each Contracting Party shall ensure that if it establishes or maintains a State entity and entrusts the entity with regulatory, administrative or other governmental authority, such entity shall exercise that authority in a manner consistent with the Contracting Party's obligations under this Treaty. COUNTRY: THE CZECH REPUBLIC Uranium and nuclear industries. In order to deplete uranium ore reserves that are stocked by Administration of State Material Reserves, no imports of uranium ore and concentrates, including uranium fuel bundles containing uranium of non-Czech origin, will be licensed. 1 July 2001.

1917 Full movie page imdb. What the name of the trailer music so things I see my father and my mother. 1917 Full movie reviews. Γινε στο Μάαστριχτ, στις επτά Φεβρουαρί ο υ χίλια ε νν ιακόσια ενενήντα δύο. Done at Maastricht on the seventh day of February in the y ea r on e thousand n ine hundred a nd ninety-two. Στο τέλος της ωρίμασης το βάρος κάθε κεφαλιού «Formaggio di Fossa di Sogliano» Π. Ο. Π. ποικίλλει από 500 γραμμάρια (πεντακόσια) έως 1 900 γραμμάρι α ( χίλια ε νν ιακόσια. At the end of the aging process the weight of individual ‘Formaggio di Fossa di Sogliano PDO cheeses varies from 500 ( fi ve hundred) g ra ms to 1 9 00 (o ne thousand ni ne hundred) gr am s. γινε στη Ρώμη, στις είκοσι πέντε Μαρτί ο υ χίλια ε νν ιακόσια πενήντα επτά. Done at Rome this twenty-fifth day of March in the yea r one thousand nin e hundred and fiftyseven. 0, 02 ECU α ν ά χίλια λ ίτ ρα νωπού γάλακτος πρώτης ύλης. 4] ECU 0, 02 per thousand litres of raw milk material. ΓΙΝΕ στη Μανίλα, στις δεκαπέντε Δεκεμβρίου του έτο υ ς χίλια ε νν ιακόσια ογδόντα επτά. DONE at Manila, the fifteenth day of December in th e year one thousand nin e hundred and e ighty-seven. γινε στο Κιότο, στις δεκαοκτώ Μαΐ ο υ χίλια ε νν ιακόσια εβδοµήντα τρία, σε ένα µόνο αντίτυπο, στην αγγλικήκαι γαλλικήγλώσσα, και τα δύο κείµενα είναι εξίσου αυθεντικά κατατίθεται στη γενική γραµµατεία του Συµβουλίου που διαβιβάζει επικυρωµένο αντίγραφο σε όλους τους φορείς που αναφέρονται στο άρθρο 8 παράγραφος 1 της παρούσας σύµβασης. Done at Kyoto, this eighteenth day of May ni nete en hundred an d seventy-t hr ee in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single original which shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council who shall transmit certified copies to all the entities referred to in paragraph 1 of Article 8 of this Convention. Χίλια ε υχ αριστώ, και συγχαρητήρια για το αποτέλεσμα του δημοψηφίσματος. A thousand thanks, and congratulations on the result of the referendum. ΕΓΙΝΕ στη Γενεύη, τη δεκάτη τετάρτη Νοεμβρίου του έτο υ ς χίλια ε νν ιακόσια εβδομήντα πέντε, σε ένα μόνον αντίτυπο, στην αγγλική, γαλλική και ρωσική γλώσσα, και τα τρία κείμενα είναι εξίσου αυθεντικά. DONE at Geneva, this fourteenth day of November one thousand nine hundred and seventyfive, in a single copy in the English, French and Russian languages, the three texts being equally authentic. Σύμφωνα με μία μελέτη, οι εξωτερικές δαπάνες είναι 88 ευρώ α ν ά χίλια τ ον οχιλιόμετρα στους δρόμους, ενώ είναι 19 ή 17 ευρώ αντίστοιχα για τους σιδηροδρόμους και τις εσωτερικές πλωτές οδούς. According to a study, transport by road incurs external costs of EUR 88 per thousand tonne-kilometres, whereas the figures for transport by rail and inland waterway are EUR 19 and EUR 17, respectively. γινε στις Βρυξέλλες, στις οκτώ Απριλί ο υ χίλια ε νν ιακόσια εξήντα πέντε. Done at Brussels this eighth day of April in the ye ar one thousand nine h undred and sixty five. Πρέπει πρώτον να πω, σε ένα από τα βασικά στοιχεία της έκθεσης, που αφορά την λειτουργία των επιχειρήσεων που έχουν πάνω α π ό χίλια ά το μα προσωπικό, πως δεν είναι εύκολη η απευθείας επικοινωνία της Επιτροπής με τις βιομηχανίες και τις επιχειρήσεις σε όλη την Ευρώπη. Allow me to say first of all, in connection with one of the basic aspects of the report concerning companies operating with over one thousand employees, that it is not easy for the Commission to communicate directly with industries and companies throughout Europe. (Άµεσα επηρεάζονται µερικές εκατοντάδες άτοµα, πιθανώς περίπ ο υ χίλια α ν συµπεριληφθεί η άµεση δευτερογενής απασχόληση. (A few hundred people are directly affected, and probably a thousand are affected if immediate secondary employment is included. Η παραγωγικότητα που υπολογίστηκε σ ε χίλια τ εμ άχια ανά απασχολούμενο, βελτιώθηκε κατά 8% την εξεταζόμενη περίοδο, ενώ το κόστος εργασίας μονάδας παραγωγής, υπολογιζόμενο σε ευρώ ανά χιλιόγραμμο μειώθηκε κατά 12% την ίδια περίοδο. Productivity, measured in thousand pieces per employee, improved by 8% over the period considered, while labour costs per unit of output, measured in EUR per kg, decreased by 12% in the same period. ΕΓΙΝΕ στο Λονδίνο την εικοστή εβδόµη ηµέρα του Νοεµβρίου του έτο υ ς χίλια ε νν ιακόσια ενενήντα δύο. DONE AT LONDON, thi s twenty -s eventh day of Novemb er one thousand nine h undred and ninety-two. Πιστεύω ότι το κλειδί για τις σχέσεις Ευρώπης και Λατινικής Αμερικής –και δεν πρέπει να χάσουμε αυτή τη γενική εικόνα– είναι η συμπληρωματική φύση των δύο περιοχών, οι οποίες μοιράζονται αξίες, ιδανικά, ιστορία, πολιτισμό και παραδόσεις και οι οποίες εκπροσωπούν πάνω από 50 χώρες και πάνω α π ό χίλια ε κα τομμύρια κατοίκους. I believe that the key to Europe and Latin Americas relations — and we must not lose this overall picture — is the complementary nature of the two regions, which share values, ideals, history, culture and traditions and which represent more than 50 countries and more than a thousand million inhabitants. Στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, ο αριθμός είναι 5 σ τ α χίλια π ερ ίπου. In the European Union the figure is 5 per thousand on average. Οι τροπολογίες που κατέθεσε ο εισηγητής μας, οι οποίες επιτρέπουν την επιλογή μεταξύ της επιβολής ενός καταναλωτικού φόρου ύψους 60 ευρώ α ν ά χίλια τ σι γάρα, ή ενός καταναλωτικού φόρου συν ΦΠΑ συνολικού ύψους 71% επί της τιμής των τσιγάρων, αποτελούν το μικρότερο κακό. The amendments introduced by our rapporteur, leaving it to Member States to choose between excise duty at EUR 60 per thousand cigarettes and excise duty plus VAT of 71% of the price, represent the lesser evil, and, politics being the art of the possible, I will, of course, follow the rest of my group in voting for Mr Katiforis' report with full conviction. ΕΓΙΝΕ ΣΤΟ ΛΟΝ∆ΙΝΟ, στις είκοσι επτά Νοεµβρί ο υ χίλια ε νν ιακόσια ενενήντα δύο. this twenty-seventh day of November one thousand nine hundred and ninety-two. ΕΓΙΝΕ στο Aarhus, την εικοστήπέμπτη Ιουνί ο υ χίλια ε νν ιακόσια ενενήντα οκτώ. DONE at Aarhus (Denmark) this twenty-fifth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight. Η μέση σταθμισμένη τιμήπώλησης των μηχανισμών με δακτυλίους που πωλήθηκαν από τον κοινοτικό κλάδο παραγωγής στην αγορά της Κοινότητας σε μη συνδεδεμένους πελάτες, μειωνόταν κάθε χρόνο της εξεταζόμενης περιόδου, από 206 ευρώ α ν ά χίλια τ εμ άχια το 1998 σε 190 ευρώ το 1999, σε 177 ευρώ το 2000 και σε 174 ευρώ την ΠΕ, δηλαδήκατά 16% την εξεταζόμενη περίοδο. The weighted average selling price of RBM sold by the Community industry on the Community market to unrelated customers decreased in each year of the period considered, f ro m EUR 20 6 per thousand pie ce s i n 199 8 to EUR 190 in 1999, to EUR 177 in 2000 and to EUR 174 in the IP, i. e. by 16% in the period considered. ΕΓΙΝΕ ΣΤΟ ΛΟΝ∆ΙΝΟ στις τρεις Μαΐ ο υ χίλια ε νν ιακόσια ενενήντα έξι. DONE at London this third day of Ma y one thousand nine hundred an d ninety-six. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty. Επισημαίνω την πραγματιστική αυτή πτυχή της έκθεσής μας για το 2000 και τη συγκρίνω με κάποιες πολιτικές λίγο πιο ακραίες, στο πλαίσιο των οποίων απορρίπταμε τους μικροπροϋπολογισμούς και ξαναβρισκόμασταν μ ε χίλια ή δ υο χιλιάδες ΓΤΒ, τα οποία αδυνατούσαμε να διαχειριστούμε επειδή εν τω μεταξύ είχαμε σπεύσει σε περικοπές χωρίς να σκεφθούμε τα επακόλουθα. I am pointing out this pragmatic aspect of our report for the year 2000 and I would compare it to policies which were rather more extremist in which a clean sweep was made of mini-budgets and then one found oneself with one or two thousand TAOs which could not be managed because the project had been axed in the meantime without any thought as to the consequences. Οι πληρωμές πάντα γίνονται με τ α χίλια ζ όρ ια. There have always been a great deal of problems with payments. από τη γενική διάσκεψη του Διεθνούς Οργανισμού Ατομικής Ενέργειας, συνελθούσα σε ειδική σύνοδο στη Βιέννη, την εικοστή έκτη Σεπτεμβρίου του έτο υ ς χίλια ε νν ιακόσια ογδόντα έξι. by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency meeting in special session at Vienna on the twenty-sixth day of September one thousand nine hundred and eighty-six. Φυσικά, προς το παρόν υπάρχουν μό ν ο χίλια E - sc olas. Of course, at the moment there are only a thousand of them. Σχετικά με το φυσικό αέριο, για να είμαστε δίκαιοι απέναντι στους ρώσους φίλους μας, πρέπει να πούμε ότι σκοπός τους ήταν να ζητήσουν από την Ουκρανία τιμές παγκόσμιας αγοράς, πράγμα που βέβαια είναι σχετικό –καλύτερα να πούμε, τιμές που συνηθίζονται στην Ευρώπη, περίπου 220 δολάρια α ν ά χίλια κ υβ ικά μέτρα. With respect to gas, it must be said, to be fair to our Russian friends, that their intention was to get Ukraine to pay the world market price, although the world market price is a relative term, so it would be better to say the standard price in Europe, of about USD 220 per thousand cubic metres. Η δική μας γενιά πολιτικών, Κυρίες και Κύριοι, η δική σας και η δική μου, έχει για πρώτη φορά εδώ κ α ι χίλια χ ρό νια την ευκαιρία να συνενώσει όλους τους λαούς της Ευρώπης σε μία κοινότητα επί τη εκουσία βάσει της ειρήνης και της δημοκρατίας. Our generation of politicians, ladies and gentlemen, yours and mine, now has the opportunity, for the first time in a thousand years, to bring all the people of Europe together in one Community, based on free will, peace and democracy. Χίλια χ ρό νια πολωνικής ιστορίας αποδεικνύουν πέρα πάσας αμφιβολίας ότι η Πολωνία είναι η πιο ανεκτική χώρα στην Ευρώπη. One thousand years of Polish history surely prove beyond all doubt that Poland is the most tolerant country in Europe. Το κείµενο της παρούσας συµφωνίας διατυπώθηκε αρχικά στη Ρώµη στις 24 Σεπτεµβρί ο υ χίλια ε νν ιακόσια σαράντα εννέα στη γαλλική γλώσσα. The text of this Agreement was originally formulated at Rome on the twenty-fourth day of September one thousand nine hundred and forty-nine in the French language.

1917 full movie 4k. The entire movie looks like it was shot once and it was 😩🔥🔥🔥. 1917 full movie 2019. WW1 getting some last. 1917 full movie stream. 1917 full movie dailymotion. HS heading No Description of product Working or processing carried out on non-originating materials that confers originating status (1) 2) 3) or (4) Chapter 1 Live animals All the animals of Chapter 1 used must be wholly obtained Chapter 2 Meat and edible meat offal Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapters 1 and 2 used must be wholly obtained Chapter 3 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapter 3 used must be wholly obtained ex Chapter 4 Dairy produce; birds' eggs; natural honey; edible products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included; except for: Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapter 4 used must be wholly obtained 0403 Buttermilk, curdled milk and cream, yoghurt, kephir and other fermented or acidified milk and cream, whether or not concentrated or containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or flavour or containing added fruit, nuts or cocoa Manufacture in which: — all the materials of Chapter 4 used must be wholly obtained; any fruit juice (except those of pineapple, lime or grapefruit) of heading No 2009 used must already be originating; the value of any materials of Chapter 17 used does not exceed 30% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 5 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included; except for: Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapter 5 used must be wholly obtained ex 0502 Prepared pigs' hogs' or boars' bristles and hair Cleaning, disinfecting, sorting and straightening of bristles and hair Chapter 6 Live trees and other plants; bulbs, roots and the like; cut flowers and ornamental foliage all the materials of Chapter 6 used must be wholly obtained; the value of all the materials used does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product Chapter 7 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapter 7 used must be wholly obtained Chapter 8 Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruits or melons all the fruit and nuts used must be wholly obtained; the value of any materials of Chapter 17 used does not exceed 30% of the value of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 9 Coffee, tea, mate and spices; except for: Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapter 9 used must be wholly obtained 0901 Coffee, whether or not roasted or decaffeinated; coffee husks and skins; coffee substitutes containing coffee in any proportion Manufacture from materials of any heading 0902 Tea, whether or not flavoured ex 0910 Mixtures of spices Chapter 10 Cereals Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapter 10 used must be wholly obtained ex Chapter 11 Products of the milling industry; malt; starches; inulin; wheat gluten; except for: Manufacture in which all the cereals, edible vegetables, roots and tubers of heading No 0714 or fruit used must be wholly obtained ex 1106 Flour, meal and powder of the dried, shelled leguminous vegetables of heading No 0713 Drying and milling of leguminous vegetables of heading No 0708 Chapter 12 Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit; industrial or medicinal plants; straw and fodder Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapter 12 used must be wholly obtained 1301 Lac; natural gums, resins, gum-resins and oleoresins (for example, balsams) Manufacture in which the value of any materials of heading No 1301 used may not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product 1302 Vegetable saps and extracts; pectic substances, pectinates and pectates; agar-agar and other mucilages and thickeners, whether or not modified, derived from vegetable products: — Mucilages and thickeners, modified, derived from vegetable products Manufacture from non-modified mucilages and thickeners — Other Manufacture in which the value of all the materials used does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product Chapter 14 Vegetable plaiting materials; vegetable products not elsewhere specified or included Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapter 14 used must be wholly obtained ex Chapter 15 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products; prepared edible fats; animals or vegetable waxes; except for: Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product 1501 Pig fat (including lard) and poultry fat, other than that of heading No 0209 or 1503: — Fats from bones or waste Manufacture from materials of any heading except those of heading Nos 0203, 0206 or 0207 or bones of heading No 0506 Manufacture from meat or edible offal of swine of heading No 0203 or 0206 or of meat and edible offal of poultry of heading No 0207 1502 Fats of bovine animals, sheep or goats, other than those of heading No 1503 Manufacture from materials of any heading except those of heading Nos 0201, 0202, 0204 or 0206 or bones of heading No 0506 Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapter 2 used must be wholly obtained 1504 Fats and oils and their fractions, of fish or marine mammals, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified: — Solid fractions Manufacture from materials of any heading including other materials of heading No 1504 Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapters 2 and 3 used must be wholly obtained ex 1505 Refined lanolin Manufacture from crude wool grease of heading No 1505 1506 Other animals fats and oils and their fractions, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified: Manufacture from materials of any heading including other materials of heading No 1506 1507 to 1515 Vegetable oils and their fractions: — Soya, ground nut, palm, copra, palm kernel, babassu, tung and oiticica oil, myrtle wax and Japan wax, fractions of jojoba oil and oils for technical or industrial uses other than the manufacture of foodstuffs for human consumption — Solid fractions, except for that of jojoba oil Manufacture from other materials of heading Nos 1507 to 1515 Manufacture in which all the vegetable materials used must be wholly obtained 1516 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their fractions, partly or wholly hydrogenated, inter-esterified, re-esterified or elaidinized, whether or not refined, but not further prepared all the materials of Chapter 2 used must be wholly obtained; all the vegetable materials used must be wholly obtained. However, materials of heading Nos 1507, 1508, 1511 and 1513 may be used 1517 Margarine; edible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils or of fractions of different fats or oils of this Chapter, other than edible fats or oils or their fractions of heading No 1516 all the materials of Chapters 2 and 4 used must be wholly obtained; all the vegetable materials used must be wholly obtained. However, materials of heading Nos 1507, 1508, 1511 and 1513 Nos be used Chapter 16 Preparations of meat, of fish or of crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates Manufacture from animals of Chapter 1. All the materials of Chapter 3 used must be wholly obtained ex Chapter 17 Sugars and sugar confectionery; except for: ex 1701 Cane or beet sugar and chemically pure sucrose, in solid form, flavoured or coloured Manufacture in which the value of any materials of Chapter 17 used does not exceed 30% of the ex-works price of the product 1702 Other sugars, including chemically pure lactose, maltose, glucose and fructose, in solid form; sugar syrups not containing added flavouring or colouring matter; artificial honey, whether or not mixed with natural honey; caramel: — Chemically pure maltose and fructose Manufacture from materials of any heading including other materials of heading No 1702 — Other sugars in solid form, flavoured or coloured Manufacture in which all the materials used must already be originating ex 1703 Molasses resulting from the extraction or refining of sugar, flavoured or coloured 1704 Sugar confectionery (including white chocolate) not containing cocoa all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product; Chapter 18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 1901 Malt extract; food preparations of flour, meal, starch or malt extract, not containing cocoa or containing less than 40% by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included; food preparations of goods of heading Nos 0401 to 0404, not containing cocoa or containing less than 5% by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis, not elsewhere specified or included: — Malt extract Manufacture from cereals of Chapter 10 1902 Pasta, whether or not cooked or stuffed (with meat or other substances) or otherwise prepared, such as spaghetti, macaroni, noodles, lasagne, gnocchi, ravioli, cannelloni; couscous, whether or not prepared: — Containing 20% or less by weight of meat, meat offal, fish, crustaceans or molluscs Manufacture in which all the cereals and derivatives (except durum wheat and its derivatives) used must be wholly obtained — Containing more than 20% by weight of meat, meat offal, fish, crustaceans or molluscs all cereals and derivatives (except durum wheat and its derivatives) used must be wholly obtained; all the materials of Chapters 2 and 3 used must be wholly obtained 1903 Tapioca and substitutes therefor prepared from starch, in the form of flakes, grains, pearls, siftings or in similar forms Manufacture from materials of any heading except potato starch of heading No 1108 1904 Prepared foods obtained by the swelling or roasting of cereals or cereal products (for example, corn flakes) cereals (other than maize (corn) in grain form or in the form of flakes or other worked grains (except flour and meal) pre-cooked, or otherwise prepared, not elsewhere specified or included Manufacture: from materials not classified within heading No 1806; in which all the cereals and flour (except durum wheat and its derivates) used must be wholly obtained; in which the value of any materials of Chapter 17 used does not exceed 30% of the ex-works price of the product 1905 Bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares, whether or not containing cocoa; communion wafers, empty cachets of a kind suitable for pharmaceutical use, sealing wafers, rice paper and similar products Manufacture from materials of any heading except those of Chapter 11 ex Chapter 20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants; except for: Manufacture in which all the fruit, nuts or vegetables used must be wholly obtained ex 2001 Yams, sweet potatoes and similar edible parts of plants containing 5% or more by weight of starch, prepared or preserved by vinegar or acetic acid ex 2004 and ex 2005 Potatoes in the form of flour, meal or flakes, prepared or preserved otherwise than by vinegar or acetic acid 2006 Vegetables, fruit, nuts, fruit-peel and other parts of plants, preserved by sugar (drained, glace or crystallized) 2007 Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit or nut puree and fruit or nut pastes, being cooked preparations, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter ex 2008 — Nuts, not containing added sugar or spirit Manufacture in which the value of the originating nuts and oil seeds of heading Nos 0801, 0802 and 1202 to 1207 used exceeds 60% of the ex-works price of the product — Peanut butter; mixtures based on cereals; palm hearts; maize (corn) — Other except for fruit and nuts cooked otherwise than by steaming or boiling in water, not containing added sugar, frozen 2009 Fruit juices (including grape must) and vegetable juices, unfermented and not containing added spirit, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter ex Chapter 21 Miscellaneous edible preparations; except for: 2101 Extracts, essences and concentrates, of coffee, tea or mate and preparations with a basis of these products or with a basis of coffee, tea or mate; roasted chicory and other roasted coffee substitutes, and extracts, essences and concentrates thereof all the chicory used must be wholly obtained 2103 Sauces and preparations therefor; mixed condiments and mixed seasonings; mustard flour and meal and prepared mustard: — Sauces and preparations therefor; mixed condiments and mixed seasonings Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, mustard flour or meal or prepared mustard may be used — Mustard flour and meal and prepared mustard ex 2104 Soups and broths and preparations therefor Manufacture from materials of any heading except prepared or preserved vegetables of heading Nos 2002 to 2005 2106 Food preparations not elsewhere specified or included ex Chapter 22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar; except for: all the grapes or any material derived from grapes used must be wholly obtained 2202 Waters, including mineral waters and aerated waters, containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or flavoured, and other non-alcoholic beverages, not including fruit or vegetable juices of heading No 2009 the value of any materials of Chapter 17 used does not exceed 30% of the ex-works price of the product; any fruit juice used (except for pineapple, lime and grapefruit juices) must already be originating 2208 Undenatured ethyl alcohol of an alcoholic strength by volume of less than 80% vol; spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages from materials not classified within heading Nos 2207 or 2208, in which all the grapes or any material derived from grapes used must be wholly obtained or if all the other materials used are already originating, arrack may be used up to a limit of 5% by volume ex Chapter 23 Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal fodder; except for: ex 2301 Whale meal; flours, meals and pellets of fish or of crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates, unfit for human consumption ex 2303 Residues from the manufacture of starch from maize (excluding concentrated steeping liquors) of a protein content, calculated on the dry product, exceeding 40% by weight Manufacture in which all the maize used must be wholly obtained ex 2306 Oil cake and other solid residues resulting from the extraction of olive oil, containing more than 3% of olive oil Manufacture in which all the olives used must be wholly obtained 2309 Preparations of a kind used in animal feeding all the cereals, sugar or molasses, meat or milk used must already be originating; all the materials of Chapter 3 used must be wholly obtained ex Chapter 24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes; except for: Manufacture in which all the materials of Chapter 24 used must be wholly obtained 2402 Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes, of tobacco or of tobacco substitutes Manufacture in which at least 70% by weight of the unmanufactured tobacco or tobacco refuse of heading No 2401 used must already be originating ex 2403 Smoking tobacco ex Chapter 25 Salt; sulphur; earths and stone; plastering materials, lime and cement; except for: ex 2504 Natural crystalline graphite, with enriched carbon content, purified and ground Enriching of the carbon content, purifying and grinding of crude crystalline graphite ex 2515 Marble, merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape, of a thickness not exceeding 25 cm Cutting, by sawing or otherwise, of marble (even if already sawn) of a thickness exceeding 25 cm ex 2516 Granite, porphyry, basalt, sandstone and other monumental and building stone, merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape, of a thickness not exceeding 25 cm Cutting, by sawing or otherwise, of stone (even if already sawn) of a thickness exceeding 25 cm ex 2518 Calcined dolomite Calcination of dolomite not calcined ex 2519 Crushed natural magnesium carbonate (magnesite) in hermetically-sealed containers, and magnesium oxide, whether or not pure, other than fused magnesia or dead-burned (sintered) magnesia Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, natural magnesium carbonate (magnesite) may be used ex 2520 Plasters specially prepared for dentistry ex 2524 Natural asbestos fibres Manufacture from asbestos concentrate ex 2525 Mica powder Grinding of mica or mica waste ex 2530 Earth colours, calcined or powdered Calcination or grinding of earth colours Chapter 26 Ores, slag and ash ex Chapter 27 Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes; except for: ex 2707 Oils in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the non-aromatic constituents, being oils similar to mineral oils obtained by distillation of high temperature coal tar, of which more than 65% by volume distils at a temperature of up to 250 o C (including mixtures of petroleum spirit and benzole) for use as power or heating fuels Operations of refining and/or one or more specific process(es) 1) or Other operations in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, materials classified within the same heading may be used provided their value does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product ex 2709 Crude oils obtained from bituminous minerals Destructive distillation of bituminous materials 2710 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous materials, other than crude; preparations not elsewhere specified or included, containing by weight 70% or more of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous materials, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations Operations of refining and/or one or more specific process(es) 2) 2711 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons 2712 Petroleum jelly; paraffin wax, microcrystalline petroleum wax, slack wax, ozokerite, lignite wax, peat wax, other mineral waxes and similar products obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured 2713 Petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen and other residues of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous materials 2714 Bitumen and asphalt, natural; bituminous or oil shale and tar sands; asphaltites and asphaltic rocks 2715 Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch (for example, bituminous mastics, cut-backs) ex Chapter 28 Inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes; except for: Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, materials classified within the same heading may be used provided their value does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product Manufacture in which the value of all the materials used does not exceed 40% of the ex-works price of the product ex 2805 ‘Mischmetall Manufacture by electrolytic or thermal treatment in which the value of all the materials used does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product ex 2811 Sulphur trioxide Manufacture from sulphur dioxide ex 2833 Aluminium sulphate ex 2840 Sodium perborate Manufacture from disodium tetraborate pentahydrate ex Chapter 29 Organic chemicals; except for: ex 2901 Acyclic hydrocarbons for use as power or heating fuels ex 2902 Cyclanes and cyclenes (other than azulenes) benzene, toluene, xylenes, for use as power or heating fuels Other operations in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, materials classified within the same heading may be used, provided their value does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product ex 2905 Metal alcoholates of alcohols of this heading and of ethanol Manufacture from materials of any heading, including other materials of heading No 2905. However, metal alcoholates of this heading may be used, provided their value does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product 2915 Saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives Manufacture from materials of any heading. However, the value of all the materials of heading Nos 2915 and 2916 used may not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product ex 2932 — Internal ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives Manufacture from materials of any heading. However, the value of all the materials of heading No 2909 used may not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product — Cyclic acetals and internal hemiacetals and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives 2933 Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only Manufacture from materials of any heading. However, the value of all the materials of heading Nos 2932 and 2933 used may not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product 2934 Nucleic acids and their salts; other heterocyclic compounds Manufacture from materials of any heading. However, the value of all the materials of heading Nos 2932, 2933 and 2934 used may not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 30 Pharmaceutical products; except for: 3002 Human blood; animal blood prepared for therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic uses; antisera and other blood fractions and modified immunological products, whether or not obtained by means of biotechnological processes; vaccines, toxins, cultures of micro-organisms (excluding yeasts) and similar products: — Products consisting of two or more constituents which have been mixed together for therapeutic or prophylactic uses or unmixed products for these uses, put up in measured doses or in forms or packings for retail sale Manufacture from materials of any heading, including other materials of heading No 3002. The materials of this description may also be used, provided their value does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product — Other: — — human blood — — animal blood prepared for therapeutic or prophylactic uses — — blood fractions other than antisera, haemoglobin, blood globulins and serum globulins — — haemoglobin, blood globulins and serum globulins — — other 3003 and 3004 Medicaments (excluding goods of heading Nos 3002, 3005 or 3006) — Obtained from amikacin of heading No 2941 Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, materials of heading No 3003 or 3004 may be used provided their value, taken together, does not exceed 20% of the ex works price of the product all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, materials of heading No 3003 or 3004 may be used provided their value, taken together, does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product; ex Chapter 31 Fertilizers; except for: Manufacture in which the value of all the materials used does not. exceed 40% of the ex-works price of the product ex 3105 Mineral or chemical fertilizers containing two or three of the fertilizing elements nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium; other fertilizers; goods of this Chapter, in tablets or similar forms or in packages of a gross weight not exceeding 10 kg, except for: sodium nitrate calcium cyanamide potassium sulphate magnesium potassium sulphate all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, materials classified within the same heading may be used provided their value does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product; ex Chapter 32 Tanning or dyeing extracts; tannins and their derivatives; dyes, pigments and other colouring matter; paints and varnishes; putty and other mastics; inks; except for: ex 3201 Tannins and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives Manufacture from tanning extracts of vegetable origin 3205 Colour lakes; preparations as specified in Note 3 to this Chapter based on colour lakes  ( 3) Manufacture from materials of any heading, except heading Nos 3203, 3204 and 3205. However, materials from heading No 3205 may be used provided their value does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 33 Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic or toilet preparations; except for: 3301 Essential oils (terpeneless or not) including concretes and absolutes; resinoids; extracted oleoresins; concentrates of essential oils in fats, in fixed oils, in waxes or the like, obtained by enfleurage or maceration; terpenic by-products of the deterpenation of essential oils; aqueous distillates and aqueous solutions of essential oils Manufacture from materials of any heading, including materials of a different ‘group  ( 4) in this heading. However, materials of the same group may be used, provided their value does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 34 Soap, organic surface-active agents, washing preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring preparations, candles and similar articles, modelling pastes, ‘dental waxes and dental preparations with a basis of plaster; except for: ex 3403 Lubricating preparations containing petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals, provided they represent less than 70% by weight 3404 Artificial waxes and prepared waxes: — With a basis of paraffin, petroleum waxes, waxes obtained from bituminous minerals, slack wax or scale wax Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, materials classified within the same heading may be used provided their value does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product Manufacture from materials of any heading, except: hydrogenated oils having the character of waxes of heading No 1516; fatty acids not chemically defined or industrial fatty alcohols having the character of waxes of heading No 3823; materials of heading No 3404 However, these materials may be used provided their value does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 35 Albuminoidal substances; modified starches; glues; enzymes; except for: 3505 Dextrins and other modified starches (for example, pregelatinized or esterified starches) glues based on starches, or on dextrins or other modified starches: — Starch ethers and esters Manufacture from materials of any heading, including other materials of heading No 3505 Manufacture from materials of any heading, except those of heading No 1108 ex 3507 Prepared enzymes not elsewhere specified or included Chapter 36 Explosives; pyrotechnic products; matches; pyrophoric alloys; certain combustible preparations ex Chapter 37 Photographic or cinematographic goods; except for: 3701 Photographic plates and film in the flat, sensitized, unexposed, of any material other than paper, paperboard or textiles; instant print film in the flat, sensitized, unexposed, whether or not in packs: — Instant print film for colour photography, in packs Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than heading No 3701 or 3702. However, materials from heading No 3702 may be used provided their value does not exceed 30% of the ex-works price of the product Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than heading No 3701 or 3702. However, materials from heading Nos 3701 and 3702 may be used provided their value taken together, does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product 3702 Photographic film in rolls, sensitized, unexposed, of any material other than paper, paperboard or textiles; instant print film in rolls, sensitized, unexposed Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than heading Nos 3701 or 3702 3704 Photographic plates, film paper, paperboard and textiles, exposed but not developed Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than heading Nos 3701 to 3704 ex Chapter 38 Miscellaneous chemical products; except for: ex 3801 — Colloidal graphite in suspension in oil and semi-colloidal graphite; carbonaceous pastes for electrodes — Graphite in paste form, being a mixture of more than 30% by weight of graphite with mineral oils Manufacture in which the value of all the materials of heading No 3403 used does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product ex 3803 Refined tall oil Refining of crude tall oil ex 3805 Spirits of sulphate turpentine, purified Purification by distillation or refining of raw spirits of sulphate turpentine ex 3806 Ester gums Manufacture from resin acids ex 3807 Wood pitch (wood tar pitch) Distillation of wood tar 3808 Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, anti-sprouting products and plant-growth regulators, disinfectants and similar products, put up in forms or packings for retail sale or as preparations or articles (for example, sulphur-treated bands, wicks and candles, and fly-papers) Manufacture in which the value of all the materials used does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the products 3809 Finishing agents, dye carriers to accelerate the dyeing or fixing of dyestuffs and other products and preparations (for example, dressings and mordants) of a kind used in the textile, paper, leather or like industries, not elsewhere specified or included 3810 Pickling preparations for metal surfaces; fluxes and other auxiliary preparations for soldering, brazing or welding; soldering, brazing or welding powders and pastes consisting of metal and other materials; preparations of a kind used as cores or coatings for welding electrodes or rods 3811 Anti-knock preparations, oxidation inhibitors, gum inhibitors, viscosity improvers, anti-corrosive preparations and other prepared additives, for mineral oils (including gasoline) or for other liquids used for the same purposes as mineral oils: — Prepared additives for lubricating oil, containing petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals Manufacture in which the value of all the materials of heading No 3811 used does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product 3812 Prepared rubber accelerators; compound plasticizers for rubber or plastics, not elsewhere specified or included; anti-oxidizing preparations and other compound stabilizers for rubber or plastics 3813 Preparations and charges for fire-extinguishers; charged fire-extinguishing grenades 3814 Organic composite solvents and thinners, not elsewhere specified or included; prepared paint or varnish removers 3818 Chemical elements doped for use in electronics, in the form of discs, wafers or similar forms; chemical compounds doped for use in electronics 3819 Hydraulic brake fluids and other prepared liquids for hydraulic transmission, not containing or containing less than 70% by weight of petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals 3820 Anti-freezing preparations and prepared de-icing fluids 3822 Diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing and prepared diagnostic or laboratory reagents, whether or not on a backing, other than those of heading No 3002 or 3006 3823 Industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids; acid oils from refining; industrial fatty alcohols — Industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids, acid oils from refining — Industrial fatty alcohols Manufacture from materials of any heading including other materials of heading No 3823 3824 Prepared binders for foundry moulds or cores; chemical products and preparations of the chemical or allied industries (including those consisting of mixtures of natural products) not elsewhere specified or included; residual products of the chemical or allied industries, not elsewhere specified or included: — The following of this heading: Prepared binders for foundry moulds or cores based on natural resinous products Naphthenic acids, their water insoluble salts and their esters Sorbitol other than that of heading No 2905 Petroleum sulphonates, excluding petroleum sulphonates of alkali metals, of ammonium or of ethanolamines; thiophenated sulphonic acids of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, and their salts Ion exchangers Getters for vacuum tubes Alkaline iron oxide for the purification of gas Ammoniacal gas liquors and spent oxide produced in coal gas purification Sulphonaphthenic acids, their water insoluble salts and their esters Fusel oil and Dippel's oil Mixtures of salts having different anions Copying pastes with a basis of gelatin, whether or not on a paper or textile backing 3901 to 3915 Plastics in primary forms, waste, parings and scrap, of plastic; except for heading Nos ex 3907 and 3912 for which the rules are set out below: — Addition homopolymerization products in which a single monomer contributes more than 99% by weight to the total polymer content the value of all the materials used does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product; the value of any materials of Chapter 39 used does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product  ( 5) Manufacture in which the value of all the materials used does not exceed 25% of the ex-works price of the product Manufacture in which the value of the materials of Chapter 39 used does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product  ( 5) ex 3907 — Copolymer, made from polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, materials classified within the same heading may be used provided their value does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product  ( 5) — Polyester Manufacture in which the value of any materials of Chapter 39 used does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product and/or manufacture from polycarbonate of tetrabromo- bisphenol A) 3912 Cellulose and its chemical derivatives, not elsewhere specified or included, in primary forms Manufacture in which the value of any materials classified in the same heading as the product does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product 3916 to 3921 Semi-manufactures and articles of plastics; except for heading No ex 3916, ex 3917, ex 3920 and ex 3921, for which the rules are set out below: — Flat products, further worked than only surface-worked or cut into forms other than rectangular (including square) other products, further worked than only surface-worked Manufacture in which the value of any materials of Chapter 39 used does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product Manufacture in which the value of all the materials used does not exceed 25% of the ex-works price of the product — — Addition homopolymerization products in which a single monomer contributes more than 99% by weight to the total polymer content — — Other Manufacture in which the value of any materials of Chapter 39 used does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product  ( 5) ex 3916 and ex 3917 Profile shapes and tubes the value of any materials classified within the same heading as the product does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product ex 3920 — Ionomer sheet or film Manufacture from a thermoplastic partial salt which is a copolymer of ethylene and metacrylic acid partly neutralized with metal ions, mainly zinc and sodium — Sheets of regenerated cellulose, polyamides or polyethylene ex 3921 Foils of plastic, metallized Manufacture from highly transparent polyester foils with a thickness of less than 23 micron  ( 6) 3922 to 3926 Articles of plastics ex Chapter 40 Rubber and articles thereof; except for: ex 4001 Laminated slabs of crepe rubber for shoes Lamination of sheets of natural rubber 4005 Compounded rubber, unvulcanized, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip Manufacture in which the value of all the materials used, except natural rubber, does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product 4012 Retreaded or used pneumatic tyres of rubber; solid or cushion tyres, interchangeable tyre treads and tyre flaps, of rubber: — Retreaded pneumatic, solid or cushion tyres, of rubber Retreading of used tyres Manufacture from materials of any heading, except those of heading No 4011 or 4012 ex 4017 Articles of hard rubber Manufacture from hard rubber ex Chapter 41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather; except for: ex 4102 Raw skins of sheep or lambs, without wool on Removal of wool from sheep or lamb skins, with wool on 4104 to 4107 Leather, without hair or wool, other than leather of heading No 4108 or 4109 Retanning of pre-tanned leather 4109 Patent leather and patent laminated leather; metallized leather Manufacture from leather of heading Nos 4104 to 4107 provided its value does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product Chapter 42 Articles of leather; saddlery and harness; travel goods, handbags and similar containers; articles of animal gut (other than silk worm gut) ex Chapter 43 Furskins and artificial fur; manufactures thereof; except for: ex 4302 Tanned or dressed furskins, assembled: — Plates, crosses and similar forms Bleaching or dyeing, in addition to cutting and assembly of non-assembled tanned or dressed furskins Manufacture from non-assembled, tanned or dressed furskins 4303 Articles of apparel, clothing accessories and other articles of furskin Manufacture from non-assembled tanned or dressed furskins of heading No 4302 ex Chapter 44 Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal; except for: ex 4403 Wood roughly squared Manufacture from wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of its bark or merely roughed down ex 4407 Wood sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, of a thickness exceeding 6 mm, planed, sanded or finger-jointed Planing, sanding or finger-jointing ex 4408 Veneer sheets and sheets for plywood, of a thickness not exceeding 6 mm, spliced, and other wood sawn lengthwise, sliced or peeled of a thickness not exceeding 6 mm, planed, sanded or finger-jointed Splicing, planing, sanding or finger-jointing ex 4409 Wood continuously shaped along any of its edges or faces, whether or not planed, sanded or finger-jointed: — Sanded or finger-jointed Sanded or finger-jointed — Beadings and mouldings Beading or moulding ex 4410 to ex 4413 Beadings and mouldings, including moulded skirting and other moulded boards ex 4415 Packing cases, boxes, crates, drums and similar packings, of wood Manufacture from boards not cut to size ex 4416 Casks, barrels, vats, tubs and other coopers' products and parts thereof, of wood Manufacture from riven staves, not further worked than sawn on the two principal surfaces ex 4418 — Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, cellular wood panels, shingles and shakes may be used ex 4421 Match splints; wooden pegs or pins for footwear Manufacture from wood of any heading except drawn wood of heading No 4409 ex Chapter 45 Cork and articles of cork; except for: 4503 Articles of natural cork Manufacture from cork of heading No 4501 Chapter 46 Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other plaiting materials; basketware and wickerwork Chapter 47 Pulp of wood or of other fibrous cellulosic material; recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard ex Chapter 48 Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard; except for: ex 4811 Paper and paperboard, ruled, lined or squared only Manufacture from paper-making materials of Chapter 47 4816 Carbon paper, self-copy paper and other copying or transfer papers (other than those of heading No 4809) duplicator stencils and offset plates, of paper, whether or not put up in boxes 4817 Envelopes, letter cards, plain postcards and correspondence cards, of paper or paperboard; boxes, pouches, wallets and writing compendiums, of paper or paperboard, containing an assortment of paper stationery Manufacturing in which: ex 4818 Toilet paper Manufacture from papermaking materials of Chapter 47 ex 4819 Cartons, boxes, cases, bags and other packing containers, of paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibres ex 4820 Letter pads ex 4823 Other paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding and webs of cellulose fibres, cut to size or shape ex Chapter 49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other products of the printing industry; manuscripts, typescripts and plans; except for: 4909 Printed or illustrated postcards; printed cards bearing personal greetings, messages or announcements, whether or not illustrated, with or without envelopes or trimmings Manufacture from materials not classified within heading No 4909 or 4911 4910 Calendars of any kind, printed, including calendar blocks: — Calendars of the ‘perpetual type or with replaceable blocks mounted on bases other than paper or paperboard Manufacture from materials not classified in heading No 4909 or 4911 ex Chapter 50 Silk; except for: ex 5003 Silk waste (including cocoons unsuitable for reeling, yarn waste and garnetted stock) carded or combed Carding or combing of silk waste 5004 to ex 5006 Silk yarn and yarn spun from silk waste Manufacture from  ( 7) raw silk or silk waste carded or combed or otherwise prepared for spinning, other natural fibres not carded or combed or otherwise prepared for spinning, chemical materials or textile pulp, or paper-making materials 5007 Woven fabrics of silk or of silk waste: — Incorporating rubber thread Manufacture from single yarn  ( 7) coir yarn, natural fibres, man-made staple fibres not carded or combed or otherwise prepared for spinning, paper Printing accompanied by at least two preparatory or finishing operations (such as scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, heat setting, raising, calendering, shrink resistance processing, permanent finishing, decatizing, impregnating, mending and burling) where the value of the unprinted fabric used does not exceed 47, 5% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair; horsehair yarn and woven fabric; except for: 5106 to 5110 Yarn of wool, of fine or coarse animal hair or of horsehair natural fibres not carded or combed or otherwise prepared for spinning, 5111 to 5113 Woven fabrics of wool, of fine or coarse animal hair or of horsehair: ex Chapter 52 Cotton; except for: 5204 to 5207 Yarn and thread of cotton 5208 to 5212 Woven fabrics of cotton: ex Chapter 53 Other vegetable textile fibres; paper yarn and woven fabrics of paper yarn; except for: 5306 to 5308 Yarn of other vegetable textile fibres; paper yarn 5309 to 5311 Woven fabrics of other vegetable textile fibres; woven fabrics of paper yarn: 5401 to 5406 Yarn, monofilament and thread of man-made filaments 5407 and 5408 Woven fabrics of man-made filament yarn: 5501 to 5507 Man-made staple fibres Manufacture from chemical materials or textile pulp 5508 to 5511 Yarn and sewing thread of man-made staple fibres 5512 to 5516 Woven fabrics of man-made staple fibres: Printing accompanied by at least two preparatory or finishing operations (such as scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, heat setting, raising, calendering, shrink resistance processing, permanent finishing, decatising, impregnating, mending and burling) where the value of the unprinted fabric used does not exceed 47, 5% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 56 Wadding, felt and non-wovens; special yarns; twine, cordage, ropes and cables and articles thereof; except for: paper making materials 5602 Felt, whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated: — Needleloom felt chemical materials or textile pulp However: polypropylene filament of heading No 5402, polypropylene fibres of heading No 5503 or 5506 or polypropylene filament tow of heading No 5501, of which the denomination in all cases of a single filament or fibre is less than 9 decitex may be used provided their value does not exceed 40% of the ex-works price of the product man-made staple fibres made from casein, or 5604 Rubber thread and cord, textile covered; textile yarn, and strip and the like of heading No 5404 or 5405, impregnated, coated, covered or sheathed with rubber or plastics: — Rubber thread and cord, textile covered Manufacture from rubber thread or cord, not textile covered natural fibres not carded or combed or otherwise processed for spinning, 5605 Metallized yarn, whether or not gimped, being textile yarn, or strip or the like of heading No 5404 or 5405, combined with metal in the form of thread, strip or powder or covered with metal man-made staple fibres not carded or combed or otherwise processed for spinning, 5606 Gimped yarn, and strip and the like of heading No 5404 or 5405, gimped (other than those of heading No 5605 and gimped horsehair yarn) chenille yarn (including flock chenille yarn; loop wale-yarn Chapter 57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings: — Of needleloom felt natural fibres, or — Of other felt natural fibres not carded or combed or otherwise processed for spinning, or synthetic or artificial filament yarn, man-made staple fibres not carded or combed or otherwise processed for spinning ex Chapter 58 Special woven fabrics; tufted textile fabrics; lace; tapestries; trimmings; embroidery; except for: — Combined with rubber thread man-made staple fibres not carded or combed or otherwise processed for spinning, or chemical materials or textile pulp, 5805 Hand-woven tapestries of the types gobelins, flanders, aubusson, beauvais and the like, and needle-worked tapestries (for example, petit point, cross stitch) whether or not made up 5810 Embroidery in the piece, in strips or in motifs 5901 Textile fabrics coated with gum or amylaceous substances, of a kind used for the outer covers of books or the like; tracing cloth; prepared painting canvas; buckram and similar stiffened textile fabrics of a kind used for hat foundations Manufacture from yarn 5902 Tyre cord fabric of high tenacity yarn of nylon or other polyamides, polyesters or viscose rayon: — Containing not more than 90% by weight of textile materials 5903 Textile fabrics impregnated, coated, covered or laminated with plastics, other than those of heading No 5902 Printing accompanied by at least two preparatory or finishing operations (such as scouring, bleaching, mercerising, heat setting, rasing, calendering, shrink resistance processing, permanent finishing, decatising, impregnating, mending and burling) where the value of the unprinted fabric used does not exceed 47, 5% of the ex-works price of the product 5904 Linoleum, whether or note cut to shape; floor coverings consisting of a coating or covering applied on a textile backing, whether or not cut to shape Manufacture from yarn  ( 7) 5905 Textile wall coverings: — Impregnated, coated, covered or laminated with rubber, plastics or other materials 5906 Rubberized textile fabrics, other than those of heading No 5902: — Knitted or crocheted fabrics — Other fabrics made of synthetic filament yarn, containing more than 90% by weight of textile materials Manufacture from chemical materials 5907 Textile fabrics otherwise impregnated, coated or covered; painted canvas being theatrical scenery, studio back-cloths or the like 5908 Textile wicks, woven, plaited or knitted, for lamps, stoves, lighters, candles or the like; incandescent gas mantles and tubular knitted gas mantle fabric therefor, whether or not impregnated: — Incandescent gas mantles, impregnated Manufacture from tubular knitted gas mantle fabric 5909 to 5911 Textile articles of a kind suitable for industrial use: — Polishing discs or rings other than of felt of heading No 5911 Manufacture from yarn or waste fabrics or rags of heading No 6310 — Woven fabrics, of a kind commonly used in papermaking or other technical uses, felted or not, whether or not impregnated or coated, tubular or endless with single or multiple warp and/or weft, or flat woven with multiple warp and/or weft of heading No 5911 — coir yarn, — the following materials: — — yarn of polytetrafluoroethylene  ( 8) — — yarn, multiple, of poly-amide, coated impregnated or covered with a phenolic resin, — — yarn of synthetic textile fibres of aromatic poly-amides, obtained by polycondensation of m-phenylenediamine and isophthalic acid, — — monofil of polytetrafluoroethylene  ( 8) — — yarn of synthetic textile fibres of poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide, — — glass fibre yarn, coated with phenol resin and gimped with acrylic yarn  ( 8) — — copolyester monofilaments of a polyester and a resin of terephthalic acid and 1, 4-cyclohexanediethanol and isophthalic acid, — — natural fibres, — man-made staple fibres not carded or combed or otherwise processed for spinning, or — chemical materials or textile pulp Chapter 60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics Chapter 61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted: — Obtained by sewing together or otherwise assembling, two or more pieces of knitted or crocheted fabric which have been either cut to form or obtained directly to form ( 9) ex Chapter 62 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted; except for: ex 6202, ex 6204, ex 6206, ex 6209 and ex 6211 Women's, girls' and babies' clothing and clothing accessories for babies, embroidered Manufacture from yarn  ( 9) Manufacture from unembroidered fabric provided the value of the unembroidered fabric used does not exceed 40% of the ex-works price of the product  ( 9) ex 6210 ex 6216 Fire-resistant equipment of fabric covered with foil of aluminized polyester Manufacture from uncoated fabric provided the value of the uncoated fabric used does not exceed 40% of the ex-works price of the product  ( 9) 6213 6214 Handkerchiefs, shawls, scarves, mufflers, mantillas, veils and the like: — Embroidered Manufacture from unbleached single yarn  ( 7) Making up followed by printing accompanied by at least two preparatory or finishing operations (such as scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, heat setting, raising, calendering, shrink resistance processing, permanent finishing, decatizing, impregnating, mending and burling) where the value of the unprinted goods of heading Nos 6213 and 6214 used does not exceed 47, 5% of the ex-works price of the product 6217 Other made up clothing accessories; parts of garments or of clothing accessories, other than those of heading No 6212: — Fire-resistant equipment of fabric covered with foil of aluminized polyester — Interlinings for collars and cuffs, cut out the value of all the materials used does not exceed 40% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 63 Other made-up textile articles; sets; worn clothing and worn textile articles; rags; except for: 6301 to 6304 Blankets, travelling rugs, bed linen etc. curtains etc. other furnishing articles: — Of felt, of nonwovens — — Embroidered Manufacture from unbleached single yarn  ( 9) 10) Manufacture from unembroidered fabric (other than knitted or crocheted) provided the value of the unembroidered fabric used does not exceed 40% of the ex-works price of the product 6305 Sacks and bags, of a kind used for the packing of goods 6306 Tarpaulins, awnings and sunblinds; tents; sails for boats, sailboards or landcraft; camping goods: — Of nonwovens Manufacture from  ( 7) 9) 6307 Other made-up articles, including dress patterns 6308 Sets consisting of woven fabric and yarn, whether or not with accessories, for making up into rugs, tapestries, embroidered table cloths or serviettes, or similar textile articles, put up in packings for retail sale Each item in the set must satisfy the rule which would apply to it if it were not included in the set. However, non-originating articles may be incorporated provided their total value does not exceed 15% of the ex-works price of the set ex Chapter 64 Footwear, gaiters and the like; except for: Manufacture from materials of any heading except for assemblies of uppers affixed to inner soles or to other sole components of heading No 6406 6406 Parts of footwear (including uppers whether or not attached to soles other than outer soles) removable in-soles, heel cushions and similar articles; gaiters, leggings and similar articles, and parts thereof ex Chapter 65 Headgear and parts thereof, except for: 6503 Felt hats and other felt headgear, made from the hat bodies, hoods or plateaux of heading No 6501, whether or not lined or trimmed Manufacture from yarn or textile fibres  ( 9) 6505 Hats and other headgear, knitted or crocheted, or made up from lace, felt or other textile fabric, in the piece (but not in strips) whether or not lined or trimmed; hair-nets of any material, whether or not lined or trimmed ex Chapter 66 Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-sticks, whips, riding-crops, and parts thereof; except for: 6601 Umbrellas and sun umbrellas (including walking-stick umbrellas, garden umbrellas and similar umbrellas) Chapter 67 Prepared feathers and down and articles made of feathers or of down; artificial flowers; articles of human hair ex Chapter 68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or similar materials; except for: ex 6803 Articles of slate or of agglomerated slate Manufacture from worked slate ex 6812 Articles of asbestos; articles of mixtures with a basis of asbestos or of mixtures with a basis of asbestos and magnesium carbonate ex 6814 Articles of mica, including agglomerated or reconstituted mica, on a support of paper, paperboard or other materials Manufacture from worked mica (including agglomerated or reconstituted mica) Chapter 69 Ceramic products ex Chapter 70 Glass and glassware; except for: ex 7003 ex 7004 ex 7005 Glass with a non-reflecting layer Manufacture from materials of heading No 7001 7006 Glass of heading Nos 7003, 7004 or 7005, bent, edgeworked, engraved, drilled, enamelled or otherwise worked, but not framed or fitted with other materials 7007 Safety glass, consisting of toughened (tempered) or laminated glass 7008 Multiple-walled insulating units of glass 7009 Glass mirrors, whether or not framed, including rear-view mirrors 7010 Carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, pots, phials, ampoules and other containers, of glass, of a kind used for the conveyance or packing of goods; preserving jars of glass; stoppers, lids and other closures, of glass Cutting of glassware, provided the value of the uncut glassware does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product 7013 Glassware of a kind used for table, kitchen, toilet, office, indoor decoration or similar purposes (other than that of heading No 7010 or 7018) Hand-decoration (with the exception of silk-screen printing) of hand-blown glassware, provided the value of the hand-blown glassware does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product ex 7019 Articles (other than yarn) of glass fibres Manufacture from: uncoloured slivers, rovings, yarn or chopped strands, or glass wool ex Chapter 71 Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; imitation jewellery; coin; except for: ex 7101 Natural or cultured pearls, graded and temporarily strung for convenience of transport ex 7102, ex 7103 ex 7104 Worked precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed) Manufacture from unworked precious or semi-precious stones 7106, 7108 7110 Precious metals: — Unwrought Manufacture from materials not classified within heading Nos 7106, 7108 or 7110 Electrolytic, thermal or chemical separation of precious metals of heading Nos 7106, 7108 or 7110 Alloying of precious metals of heading Nos 7106, 7108 or 7110 with each other or with base metals — Semi-manufactured or in powder form Manufacture from unwrought precious metals ex 7107, ex 7109 ex 7111 Metals clad with precious metals, semi-manufactured Manufacture from metals clad with precious metals, unwrought 7116 Articles of natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed) 7117 Imitation jewellery Manufacture from base metal parts, not plated or covered with precious metals, provided the value of all the materials used does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 72 Iron and steel; except for: 7207 Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel Manufacture from materials of heading Nos 7201, 7202, 7203, 7204 or 7205 7208 to 7216 Flat-rolled products, bars and rods, angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy steel Manufacture from ingots or other primary forms of heading No 7206 7217 Wire of iron or non-alloy steel Manufacture from semi-finished materials of heading No 7207 ex 7218, 7219 to 7222 Semi-finished products, flat-rolled products, bars and rods, angles, shapes and sections of stainless steel Manufacture from ingots or other primary forms of heading No 7218 7223 Wire of stainless steel Manufacture from semi-finished materials of heading No 7218 ex 7224, 7225 7228 Semi-finished products, flat-rolled products, hot-rolled bars and rods, in irregularly wound coils; angles, shapes and sections, of other alloy steel; hollow drill bars and rods, of alloy or non-alloy steel Manufacture from ingots or other primary forms of heading Nos 7206, 7218 or 7224 7229 Wire of other alloy steel Manufacture from semi-finished materials of heading No 7224 ex Chapter 73 Articles of iron or steel; except for: ex 7301 Sheet piling Manufacture from materials of heading No 7206 7302 Railway or tramway track construction materials of iron or steel, the following: rails, checkrails and rackrails, switch blades, crossing frogs, point rods and other crossing pieces, sleepers (cross-ties) fish-plates, chairs, chair wedges, sole plates (base plates) rail clips, bedplates, ties and other material specialized for jointing or fixing rails 7304, 7305 7306 Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, of iron (other than cast iron) or steel Manufacture from materials of heading Nos 7206, 7207, 7218 or 7224 ex 7307 Tube or pipe fittings of stainless steel (ISO No X5CrNiMo 1712) consisting of several parts Turning, drilling, reaming, threading, deburring and sandblasting of forged blanks the value of which does not exceed 35% of the ex-works price of the product 7308 Structures (excluding prefabricated buildings of heading No 9406) and parts of structures (for example, bridges and bridge-sections, lock-gates, towers, lattice masts, roofs, roofing frame-works, doors and windows and their frames and thresholds for doors, shutters, balustrades, pillars and columns) of iron or steel; plates, rods, angles, shapes, sections, tubes and the like, prepared for use in structures, of iron or steel Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, welded angles, shapes and sections of heading No 7301 may not be used ex 7315 Skid chain Manufacture in which the value of all the materials of heading No 7315 used does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 74 Copper and articles thereof; except for: 7401 Copper mattes; cement copper (precipitated copper) 7402 Unrefined copper; copper anodes for electrolytic refining 7403 Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought: — Refined copper — Copper alloys and refined copper containing other elements Manufacture from refined copper, unwrought, or waste and scrap of copper 7404 Copper waste and scrap 7405 Master alloys of copper ex Chapter 75 Nickel and articles thereof; except for: 7501 to 7503 Nickel mattes, nickel oxide sinters and other intermediate products of nickel metallurgy; unwrought nickel; nickel waste and scrap ex Chapter 76 Aluminium and articles thereof; except for: 7601 Unwrought aluminium Manufacture by thermal or electrolytic treatment from unalloyed aluminium or waste and scrap of aluminium 7602 Aluminium waste or scrap ex 7616 Aluminium articles other than gauze, cloth, grill, netting, fencing, reinforcing fabric and similar materials (including endless bands) of aluminium wire, and expanded metal of aluminium all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, gauze, cloth, grill, netting, fencing, reinforcing fabric and similar materials (including endless bands) of aluminium wire, or expanded metal of aluminium may be used; Chapter 77 Reserved for possible future use in HS ex Chapter 78 Lead and articles thereof; except for: 7801 Unwrought lead: — Refined lead Manufacture from ‘bullion or ‘work lead Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, waste and scrap of heading No 7802 may not be used 7802 Lead waste and scrap ex Chapter 79 Zinc and articles thereof; except for: 7901 Unwrought zinc Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, waste and scrap of heading No 7902 may not be used 7902 Zinc waste and scrap ex Chapter 80 Tin and articles thereof; except for: 8001 Unwrought tin Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, waste and scrap of heading No 8002 may not be used 8002 8007 Tin waste and scrap; other articles of tin Chapter 81 Other base metals; cermets; articles thereof: — Other base metals, wrought; articles thereof Manufacture in which the value of all the materials classified within the same heading as the product used does not exceed 50% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 82 Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof of base metal; except for: 8206 Tools of two or more of the heading Nos 8202 to 8205, put up in sets for retail sale Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than heading Nos 8202 to 8205. However, tools of heading Nos 8202 to 8205 may be incorporated into the set provided their value does not exceed 15% of the ex-works price of the set 8207 Interchangeable tools for hand tools, whether or not power-operated, or for machine-tools (for example, for pressing, stamping, punching, tapping, threading, drilling, boring, broaching, milling, turning, or screwdriving) including dies for drawing or extruding metal, and rock drilling or earth boring tools 8208 Knives and cutting blades, for machines or for mechanical appliances ex 8211 Knives with cutting blades, serrated or not (including pruning knives) other than knives of heading No 8208 Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, knife blades and handles of base metal may be used 8214 Other articles of cutlery (for example, hair clippers, butchers' or kitchen cleavers, choppers and mincing knives, paper knives) manicure or pedicure sets and instruments (including nail files) Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, handles of base metal may be used 8215 Spoons, forks, ladles, skimmers, cake-servers, fish-knives, butter-knives, sugar tongs and similar kitchen or tableware ex Chapter 83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal; except for: ex 8302 Other mountings, fittings and similar articles suitable for buildings, and automatic door closers Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, the other materials of heading No 8302 may be used provided their value does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product ex 8306 Statuettes and other ornaments, of base metal Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, the other materials of heading No 8306 may be used provided their value does not exceed 30% of the ex-works price of the product ex Chapter 84 Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof; except for: Manufacture in which the value of all the materials used does not exceed 30% of the ex-works price of the product ex 8401 Nuclear fuel elements Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product  ( 11) 8402 Steam or other vapour generating boilers (other than central heating hot water boilers capable also of producing low pressure steam) super heated water boilers 8403 ex 8404 Central heating boilers other than those of heading No 8402 and auxiliary plant for central heating boilers Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than heading No 8403 or 8404 8406 Steam turbines and other vapour turbines 8407 Spark-ignition reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines 8408 Compression-ignition internal combustion piston engines (diesel or semi-diesel engines) 8409 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the engines of heading No 8407 or 8408 8411 Turbo-jets, turbo propellers and other gas turbines 8412 Other engines and motors ex 8413 Rotary positive displacement pumps ex 8414 Industrial fans, blowers and the like 8415 Air conditioning machines, comprising a motor-driven fan and elements for changing the temperature and humidity, including those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated 8418 Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or freezing equipment, electric or other; heat pumps other than air conditioning machines of heading No 8415 the value of all the materials used does not exceed 40% of the ex-works price of the product; the value of all the non-originating materials used does not exceed the value of the originating materials used ex 8419 Machines for wood, paper pulp and paperboard industries in which the value of all the materials used does not exceed 40% of the ex-works price of the product; where, within the above limit, the materials classified within the same heading as the product are only used up to a value of 25% of the ex-works price of the product 8420 Calendering or other rolling machines, other than for metals or glass, and cylinders therefor 8423 Weighing machinery (excluding balances of a sensitivity of 5 cg or better) including weight operated counting or checking machines; weighing machine weights of all kinds 8425 to 8428 Lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery where, within the above limit, the materials classified within heading No 8431 are only used up to a value of 10% of the ex-works price of the product 8429 Self-propelled bulldozers, angledozers, graders, levellers, scrapers, mechanical shovels, excavators, shovel loaders, tamping machines and road rollers: — Road rollers 8430 Other moving, grading, levelling, scraping, excavating, tamping, compacting, extracting or boring machinery, for earth, minerals or ores; pile-drivers and pile-extractors; snow-ploughs and snow-blowers where, within the above limit, the value of the materials classified within heading No 8431 are only used up to a value of 10% of the ex-works price of the product ex 8431 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with road rollers 8439 Machinery for making pulp of fibrous cellulose material or for making or finishing paper or paperboard 8441 Other machinery for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboard, including cutting machines of all kinds 8444 to 8447 Machines of these headings for use in the textile industry ex 8448 Auxiliary machinery for use with machines of headings Nos 8444 and 8445 8452 Sewing machines, other than book-sewing machines of heading No 8440; furniture, bases and covers specially designed for sewing machines; sewing machine needles: — Sewing machines (lock stitch only) with heads of a weight not exceeding 16 kg without motor or 17 kg with motor where the value of all the non-originating materials used in assembling the head (without motor) does not exceed the value of the originating materials used; the thread tension, crochet and zigzag mechanisms used are already originating 8456 to 8466 Machine-tools and machines and their parts and accessories of heading Nos 8456 to 8466 8469 to 8472 Office machines (for example, typewriters, calculating machines, automatic data processing machines, duplicating machines, stapling machines) 8480 Moulding boxes for metal foundry; mould bases; moulding patterns; moulds for metal (other than ingot moulds) metal carbides, glass, mineral materials, rubber or plastics 8482 Ball or roller bearings 8484 Gaskets and similar joints of metal sheeting combined with other material or of two or more layers of metal; sets or assortments of gaskets and similar joints, dissimilar in composition, put up in pouches, envelopes or similar packings; mechanical seals 8485 Machinery parts, not containing electrical connectors, insulators, coils, contacts or other electrical features, not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter ex Chapter 85 Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles; except for: Manufacture in which 8501 Electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets) where, within the above limit, the materials classified within heading No 8503 are only used up to a value of 10% of the ex-works price of the product 8502 Electric generating sets and rotary converters where, within the above limit, the materials classified within heading No 8501 or 8503, taken together, are only used up to a value of 10% of the ex-works price of the product ex 8504 Power supply units for automatic data-processing machines ex 8518 Microphones and stands therefor; loudspeakers, whether or not mounted in their enclosures; audio-frequency electric amplifiers; electric sound amplifier sets where the value of all the non-originating materials used does not exceed the value of the originating materials used 8519 Turntables (record-decks) record-players, cassette- players and other sound reproducing apparatus, not incorporating a sound recording device 8520 Magnetic tape recorders and other sound recording apparatus, whether or not incorporating a sound reproducing device 8521 Video recording or reproducing apparatus, whether or not incorporating a video tuner 8522 Parts and accessories suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading Nos 8519 to 8521 8523 Prepared unrecorded media for sound recording or similar recording of other phenomena, other than products of Chapter 37 8524 Records, tapes and other recorded media for sound or other similarly recorded phenomena, including matrices and masters for the production of records, but excluding products of Chapter 37: — Matrices and masters for the production of records where, within the above limit, the materials classified within heading No 8523 are only used up to a value of 10% of the ex-works price of the product 8525 Transmission apparatus for radio-telephony, radio-telegraphy, radio-broadcasting or television, whether or not incorporating reception apparatus or sound recording or reproducing apparatus; television cameras; still image video cameras and other video camera recorders 8526 Radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and radio remote control apparatus 8527 Reception apparatus for radio-telephony, radio-telegraphy or radio broadcasting, whether or not combined, in the same housing, with sound recording or reproducing apparatus or a clock 8528 Reception apparatus for television, whether or not incorporating radio broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus; video monitors and video projectors 8529 Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of heading Nos 8525 to 8528: — Suitable for use solely or principally with video recording or reproducing apparatus 8535 8536 Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, or for making connections to or in electrical circuits where, within the above limit, the materials classified within heading No 8538 are only used up to a value of 10% of the ex-works price of the product 8537 Boards, panels, consoles, desks, cabinets and other bases, equipped with two or more apparatus of heading No 8535 or 8536, for electric control or the distribution of electricity, including those incorporating instruments or apparatus of Chapter 90, and numerical control apparatus, other than switching apparatus of heading No 8517 ex 8541 Diodes, transistors and similar semi-conductor devices, except wafers not yet cut into chips 8542 Electronic integrated circuits and microassemblies where, within the above limit, the materials classified within heading No 8541 or 8542, taken together, are only used up to a value of 10% of the ex-works price of the product 8544 Insulated (including enamelled or anodized) wire, cable (including coaxial cable) and other insulated electric conductors, whether or not fitted with connectors; optical fibre cables, made up of individually sheathed fibres, whether or not assembled with electric conductors or fitted with connectors 8545 Carbon electrodes, carbon brushes, lamp carbons, battery carbons and other articles of graphite or other carbon, with or without metal, of a kind used for electrical purposes 8546 Electrical insulators of any material 8547 Insulating fittings for electrical machines, appliances or equipment, being fittings wholly of insulating materials apart from any minor components of metal (for example, threaded sockets) incorporated during moulding solely for purposes of assembly other than insulators of heading No 8546; electrical conduit tubing and joints therefor, of base metal lined with insulating material 8548 Waste and scrap of primary cells, primary batteries and electric accumulators; spent primary cells, spent primary batteries and spent electric accumulators; electrical parts of machinery or apparatus, not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter ex Chapter 86 Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and parts thereof; railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings and parts thereof; mechanical (including electromechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds; except for: 8608 Railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings; mechanical (including electromechanical) signalling, safety or traffic control equipment for railways, tramways, roads, inland waterways, parking facilities, port installations or airfields; parts of the foregoing ex Chapter 87 Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, and parts and accessories thereof; except for: 8709 Works trucks, self-propelled, not fitted with lifting or handling equipment, of the type used in factories, warehouses, dock areas or airports for short distance transport of goods; tractors of the type used on railway station platforms; parts of the foregoing vehicles 8710 Tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles, motorized, whether or not fitted with weapons, and parts of such vehicles 8711 Motorcycles (including mopeds) and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor, with or without side-cars; side-cars: — With reciprocating internal combustion piston engine of a cylinder capacity: — — ot exceeding 50 cc Manufacture in which the value of all the materials used does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product — — exceeding 50 cc ex 8712 Bicycles without ball bearings Manufacture from materials not classified in heading No 8714 8715 Baby carriages and parts thereof 8716 Trailers and semi-trailers; other vehicles, not mechanically propelled; parts thereof ex Chapter 88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof; except for: ex 8804 Rotochutes Manufacture from materials of any heading including other materials of heading No 8804 8805 Aircraft launching gear; deck-arrestor or similar gear; ground flying trainers; parts of the foregoing articles Chapter 89 Ships, boats and floating structures Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, hulls of heading No 8906 may not be used ex Chapter 90 Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; parts and accessories thereof; except for: 9001 Optical fibres and optical fibre bundles; optical fibre cables other than those of heading No 8544; sheets and plates of polarizing material; lenses (including contact lenses) prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, of any material, unmounted, other than such elements of glass not optically worked 9002 Lenses, prisms, mirrors and other optical elements, of any material, mounted, being parts of or fittings for instruments or apparatus, other than such elements of glass not optically worked 9004 Spectacles, goggles and the like, corrective, protective or other ex 9005 Binoculars, monoculars, other optical telescopes, and mountings therefor, except for astronomical refracting telescopes and mountings therefor ex 9006 Photographic (other than cinematographic) cameras; photographic flashlight apparatus and flashbulbs other than electrically ignited flashbulbs 9007 Cinematographic cameras and projectors, whether or not incorporating sound recording or reproducing apparatus 9011 Compound optical microscopes, including those for photomicrography, cinephotomicrography or microprojection ex 9014 Other navigational instruments and appliances 9015 Surveying (including photogrammetrical surveying) hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological, meteorological or geophysical instruments and appliances, excluding compasses; rangefinders 9016 Balances of a sensitivity of 5 cg or better, with or without weights 9017 Drawing, marking-out or mathematical calculating instruments (for example, drafting machines, pantographs, protractors, drawing sets, slide rules, disc calculators) instruments for measuring length, for use in the hand (for example, measuring rods and tapes, micrometers, callipers) not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter 9018 Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences, including scintigraphic apparatus, other electro-medical apparatus and sight-testing instruments: — Dentists' chairs incorporating dental appliances or dentists' spittoons Manufacture from materials of any heading, including other materials of heading No 9018 9019 Mechano-therapy appliances; massage apparatus; psychological aptitude-testing apparatus; ozone therapy, oxygen therapy, aerosol therapy, artificial respiration or other therapeutic respiration apparatus 9020 Other breathing appliances and gas masks, excluding protective masks having neither mechanical parts nor replaceable filters 9024 Machines and appliances for testing the hardness, strength, compressibility, elasticity or other mechanical properties of materials (for example, metals, wood, textiles, paper, plastics) 9025 Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, thermometers, pyrometers, barometers, hygrometers and psychrometers, recording or not, and any combination of these instruments 9026 Instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking the flow, level, pressure or other variables of liquids or gases (for example, flow meters, level gauges, manometers, heat meters) excluding instruments and apparatus of heading Nos 9014, 9015, 9028 or 9032 9027 Instruments and apparatus for physical or chemical analysis (for example, polarimeters, refractometers, spectrometers, gas or smoke analysis apparatus) instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking viscosity, porosity, expansion, surface tension or the like; instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking quantities of heat, sound or light (including exposure meters) microtomes 9028 Gas, liquid or electricity supply or production meters, including calibrating meters therefor: — Parts and accessories Manufacture in which the value of all the materials used does not exceed 30 the ex-works price of the product 9029 Revolution counters, production counters, taximeters, mileometers, pedometers and the like; speed indicators and tachometers, other than those of heading No 9014 or 9015; stroboscopes 9030 Oscilloscopes, spectrum analysers and other instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking electrical quantities, excluding meters of heading No 9028; instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting alpha, beta, gamma, X-ray, cosmic or other ionizing radiations 9031 Measuring or checking instruments, appliances and machines, not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter; profile projectors 9032 Automatic regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus 9033 Parts and accessories (not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter) for machines, appliances, instruments or apparatus of Chapter 90 ex Chapter 91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof; except for: 9105 Other clocks 9109 Clock movements, complete and assembled 9110 Complete watch or clock movements, unassembled or partly assembled (movement sets) incomplete watch or clock movements, assembled; rough watch or clock movements where, within the above limit, the materials classified within heading No 9114 are only used up to a value of 10% of the ex-works price of the product 9111 Watch cases and parts thereof 9112 Clock cases and cases of a similar type for other goods of this Chapter, and parts thereof 9113 Watch straps, watch bands and watch bracelets, and parts thereof: — Of base metal, whether or not gold- or silver-plated, or of metal clad with precious metal Chapter 92 Musical instruments; parts and accessories of such articles Chapter 93 Arms and ammunition; parts and accessories thereof ex Chapter 94 Furniture; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or included; illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like; prefabricated buildings; except for: ex 9401 ex 9403 Base metal furniture, incorporating unstuffed cotton cloth of a weight of 300 g/m 2 or less Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified in a heading other than that of the product Manufacture from cotton cloth already made up in a form ready for use of heading No 9401 or 9403, provided: its value does not exceed 25% of the ex-works price of the product; all the other materials used are already originating and are classified in a heading other than heading No 9401 or 9403 Manufacture in which the value of all the materials used does not exceed 40% of the ex-works price of the product; 9405 Lamps and lighting fittings including searchlights and spotlights and parts thereof, not elsewhere specified or included; illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, having a permanently fixed light source, and parts thereof not elsewhere specified or included 9406 Prefabricated buildings ex Chapter 95 Toys, games and sports requisites; parts and accessories thereof; except for: 9503 Other toys; reduced-size (‘scale) models and similar recreational models, working or not; puzzles of all kinds ex 9506 Golf clubs and parts thereof Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product. However, roughly shaped blocks for making golf club heads may be used ex Chapter 96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles; except for: ex 9601 ex 9602 Articles of animal, vegetable or mineral carving materials Manufacture from ‘worked carving materials of the same heading ex 9603 Brooms and brushes (except for besoms and the like and brushes made from marten or squirrel hair) hand-operated mechanical floor sweepers, not motorized, paint pads and rollers, squeegees and mops 9605 Travel sets for personal toilet, sewing or shoe or clothes cleaning Each item in the set must satisfy the rule, which would apply to it if it were not included in the set. However, non-originating articles may be incorporated, provided their total value does not exceed 15% of the ex-works price of the set 9606 Buttons, press-fasteners, snap-fasteners and press-studs, button moulds and other parts of these articles; button blanks 9612 Typewriter or similar ribbons, inked or otherwise prepared for giving impressions, whether or not on spools or in cartridges; ink-pads, whether or not inked, with or without boxes ex 9613 Lighters with piezo-igniter Manufacture in which the value of all the materials of heading No 9613 used does not exceed 30% of the ex-works price of the product ex 9614 Smoking pipes and pipe bowls Manufacture from roughly shaped blocks Chapter 97 Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques Manufacture in which all the materials used are classified within a heading other than that of the product.

Never have the trenches of World War One been so tidy. never have the ruined walls and arches that surround them been so picturesquely arranged. never have the fingernails of the soldiers been so clean, their teeth so straight and white, their hair so artfully mussed. Even the rats looked like extras who had wandered in from a live action remake of Ratatouille. Did the filmmakers not see Peter Jackson's They Shall Not Grow Old? About fifteen minutes in my wife and I knew with a certainty that one of the handsome chaps would not go the distance, and once the remaining handsome chap was on his own we knew with an even greater certainty that he would meet a cowering French peasant girl in a barn or cellar, and that she would be clutching an infant while shells exploded overhead, and sure enough, about forty minutes later, there she was, fresh from having her tumbling golden curls blown out at a good salon. We relished the interiors of the buildings in the ruined town, where patches of brick showed through the plaster walls with all the gritty realism of the decor of a 1950's Italian restaurant in Newark. And to yank us out of the movie right when we might have been giving over to it in spite of ourselves, cameos by Patrick Melrose and Robb Stark! Gorgeous technical work by Roger Deakins and team gets this a couple of stars. On Oscar night that will be the wife and me me rolling my eyes when this wins best picture.

Are lives aren't one long shot think about when you sleep. 1917 full movie 123. Wow. Mr Cruise done learnt how to fly those suckers for real. How cool is that? I am impressed. I'm also glad he got to experience that, after all the entertainment I've personally gotten from him over the years. Edit Release Dates UK 4 December 2019 (Royal Command Film Performance) Canada 25 December 2019 (Toronto) USA 25 December 2019 (limited) Denmark 2 January 2020 Israel Belgium 8 January 2020 Chile 9 January 2020 Greece Hong Kong Croatia Kuwait Lebanon Lithuania Republic of Macedonia Netherlands New Zealand Saudi Arabia Singapore 10 January 2020 Estonia Spain Ireland Iceland Latvia France 15 January 2020 Austria 16 January 2020 Australia Germany India 17 January 2020 Italy 17 January 2020 (Casa del Cinema) Rome) Mexico Indonesia 22 January 2020 Brazil 23 January 2020 Colombia Hungary Peru Portugal Bulgaria 24 January 2020 Finland Norway Poland Romania Sweden 26 January 2020 (Göteborg Film Festival) premiere) Argentina 30 January 2020 Russia Taiwan Ukraine Uruguay 31 January 2020 Philippines 5 February 2020 Slovakia 13 February 2020 Japan 14 February 2020 South Korea 19 February 2020 China 21 February 2020 Turkey Also Known As (AKA) original title) 1917 Canada (English title) Canada (French title) China (Mandarin title) Taistelulähetit - 1917 Georgia Greece (long title) Χίλια Εννιακόσια Δεκαεπτά India (Hindi title) Israel (Hebrew title) Japan (Japanese title) 1917 命をかけた伝令 Serbia Uruguay (original subtitled version) 1917.

This was a god damned Horror movie and I regret that I will never be able to watch it for the first time again. 1917 full movie putlocker. 1917 full movie free on youtube. The Dark Souls of WW1 movies. 1917 full movie. 1917 full movie free online. How cool is it to see the whole plot in the trailer these days. He looks like he could 1v1 with a Terminator. 1917 Full movie. 1917 Full movie page. ΚΟΡΙΤΣΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΟΛΗ Έχω καιρό να έρθω σε τέτοιο κλαμπ, και με αυτό εννοώ κλαμπ που θυμίζει την παραλιακή στα τέλη της δεκαετίας του '90 - όχι ότι την πρόλαβα και πολύ, αλλά κάτι θυμάμαι. Τα συστατικά είναι όλα εδώ: μαύροι λακαρισμένοι τοίχοι, κόκκινα φώτα, σειρήνες, ουρλιαχτά, VIP section και ημίγυμνες χορεύτριες με δαντελωτά εσώρουχα πάνω σε υπερυψωμένες πλατφόρμες. Παρασκευή βράδυ, 2. 00 π. μ., σε κλαμπ Έχω καιρό να έρθω σε τέτοιο κλαμπ, και με αυτό εννοώ κλαμπ που θυμίζει την παραλιακή στα τέλη της δεκαετίας του '90 - όχι ότι την πρόλαβα και πολύ, αλλά κάτι θυμάμαι. Τα συστατικά είναι όλα εδώ: μαύροι λακαρισμένοι τοίχοι, κόκκινα φώτα, σειρήνες, ουρλιαχτά, VIP section (με κουστουμαρισμένο αγριεμένο τύπο στην είσοδο) και ημίγυμνες χορεύτριες με δαντελωτά εσώρουχα πάνω σε υπερυψωμένες πλατφόρμες που χορεύουν κάτι απροσδιόριστο, που θυμίζει τα παπάκια με soundtrack το «Αround the World» των Daft Punk. Θα μπορούσε να είναι το λαμπρό έτος 1997. Άλλο ένα γεγονός που ενισχύει την πεποίθησή μου ότι έχουμε 1997 είναι ότι γύρω μου όλοι είναι μεταξύ 17 και 20. Το μόνο που έχει αλλάξει είμαι εγώ, που περιφέρομαι σαν τη γριέτζω ανάμεσα στα αλαλάζοντα πιτσιρίκια. Eίχα ξεχάσει πως σε αυτή την ηλικία πας ως κοπάδι - βγαίνετε μαζί δεκαπέντε άτομα μπουλούκι και όλα τα αγόρια γουστάρουν το ίδιο ξανθό κοριτσάκι που τα ‘χει με κάποιον μεγαλύτερο. Είναι ωραία αυτά τα χρόνια: oι άνθρωποι δεν έχουν χωριστεί σε ζευγάρια ακόμα, ούτε τα 'χουν φτιάξει με σπαστικούς ανθρώπους, τους οποίους δεν γουστάρεις αλλά πρέπει να ανέχεσαι, μπαίνετε όλοι μαζί, εφτά άτομα, σε ένα αυτοκίνητο και στριγγλίζετε στην παραλιακή σαν γουρουνάκια έτοιμα για σφάξιμο. Συναντάω και το φίλο μου τον Στάθη, που φοράει παπιγιόν. «Είμαστε εδώ γιατί γιορτάζουμε το δίπλωμα οδήγησης του φίλου μου του Μπίλυ. Έχουμε κλείσει και τραπέζι». «Πόσων χρόνων είναι ο Μπίλυ;». «Τριάντα». «Δεν αισθάνεσαι λίγο γέρος εδώ μέσα, ρε Στάθη;». «Μπορεί να είμαι γέρος. αλλά φοράω τον ωραιότερο φιόγκο». Τ axi talk 2 Απόψε πετυχαίνω μια μοναδική περίπτωση: τον ταξιτζή ντίβα. Πρόκειται για ένα λαμπρό ταλέντο εγκλωβισμένο σε ένα καταθλιπτικό ταξί. «Το ξέρεις ότι κάποτε είχα κάνει οντισιόν για να παίξω στο ελληνικό Grease;». «Όχι». « Μου δώσανε το ρόλο της αδερφής της Σάντυ, αλλά έλεγα μόνο μια ατάκα: Σάντυ, Σάντυ έλα"». «Μα η Σάντυ δεν έχει αδερφή». «Έχει χρυσό μου, έχει». Φημισμένοι σκηνοθέτες κι άνθρωποι του θεάματος υπέκυψαν στη μαγεία του ταξιτζή με το τζόκεϊ καπέλο παραλλαγής, αλλά είπε όχι σε όλους («Δεν πήγα ποτέ, δεν έχουν ποιότητα αυτοί. Ούτε μου δίνανε κανά ρόλο της προκοπής». «Εξάλλου, αν θα με ήθελε κάποιος για κάτι, είναι γιατί βγάζω μια σεξουαλικότητα». Τον κοιτάω από τον καθρέφτη - μοιάζει με φαλακρό καγκουρό. ΕΓΓΡΑΦΕΙΤΕ ΣΤΟ NEWSLETTER ΜΑΣ Για να λαμβάνετε κάθε εβδομάδα στο email σας μια επιλογή από τα καλύτερα άρθρα του.

Best movie I've seen in a very long time. 1917 full movie watch for free no sign up.

 

 

Rated 8.6/10 based on 516 customer reviews

Watch Full Length Midnight Family 720px putlocker9 no sign up Streaming

Midnight Family - by Paula Brown, February 07, 2020

8.8/ 10stars

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Luke Lorentzen. Mexico. Year=2019. Directed by=Luke Lorentzen. Fer Ochoa. Recuerdo que antes pensar en documental nos remitía a un vídeo aburrido que veíamos en clase, hoy en México llega a tener un papel fundamental porque si integra lo que el cine no ha podido, son atractivos te mantienen muchos de ellos al filo, mueven emociones, cosa que pocas veces es bien logrado en largometrajes de ficción. Ambulante ha sido un parte-aguas para difundir estos excelentes documentales y que puedan llegar a salas. Este año me lo perdí, así que toca rescatar y apoyar en su semana de estreno a estos proyectos. Además este genero es interesante, mi esposo vio el de Metinides, el hombre que vio demasiado (aludiendo a Hitchcock) en ambulante y luego me llevó a verlo en sala comercial, el pensar en la noche y estos accidentes es algo interesante (muy morboso) que me gusta ver.

1:11 Nobody: John Lithgow: IM AT SOUP. IM AT THE SOUP STORE. Watch full length midnight family video. Hey Ingham family how are you doing today well I love watching your daily vlogs at 5 cheer me up everyday make me happy laugh smile OMG 😱 no way I am not well I wasn't in college today. Watch full length midnight family season. Just saying, as someone who saw the movie, this trailer is meant to mislead viewers. FINALLY an actual normal sandler movie he is gonna be great, he gets to mutch hate for his movies but the writers should get the hate, sandler is a very good actor and he will prove it with this! Now i can die in peace.

Watch full length midnight family song. Honestly, I hate that this is a divorce story. I LOVE YOU AUDREY. 6:02 🎵 Of course sometimes ish goes down when there's a billion dollars on that elevator🎵.

Marabou are amazing! My family is Swedish and we love them

Good luck Soul Family your the bast in future. A work of art and no men involved, bravo. Que tal fernanda donde puedo conseguir ese documental y mas ya que no los encuentro a la venta ni nada. I love your vids. Failed @ 10:57.

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How much longer until this movie comes out in theaters? Five weeks? Two days. Watch full length midnight family free. I just saw last night. An anxiety filled thrill ride. I couldnt sleep after I saw it. It just blew me away. I love you so much Jordan! Your so nice and sweet and kind. Kind of gives a 59yo single man hope.

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Watch Full Length Midnight family blog.

Ive never cried watching a movie in my 27 years of living and this trailer just did it for me

I cant remember the last time a trailer has stuck with me like this one has. Most people when faced with an oncoming bus: swerve to avoid it Me, an intellectual: 0:46. I still can't believe Willem Dafoe was snubbed for an Oscar nod, and Robert Pattinson who did an awesome performance too that proved he can truly act. Wow! amazing. Watch full length midnight family watch. Riddle answer: your age. I need you to do more memes. Watch Full Length Midnight. Watch Full Length Midnight family tree. Watch full length midnight family songs.

 

 

 

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1917 Watch Full No Sign Up cast Colin Firth tt8579674

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Spain

actor George MacKay, Colin Firth

directed by Sam Mendes

British trenches somewhere in France. World war has been going on for the third year, heroic illusions have dissipated; general mood - boredom and fatigue. Stuff the belly, sleep, return home to Christmas Eve. On another quiet day, when nothing happens, two young soldiers, Blake and Schofield, are summoned to the general, who instructs them to send an important message to Colonel MacKenzie in the Second Devonshire Battalion, whose telephone connection was cut off by the enemy

duration 1h 59 minute

User Ratings 9,1 / 10 Star

 

Nineteen seventeen. Sam Mendes. Just superb.
This movie is downright amazing. Definitely one of the best movies of 2019 and one of the best war films I've seen. It's thrilling, exciting, scary, shocking and heartfelt, all jam-packed into one beautiful film.
The biggest topic of this film is probably how it looked as if it was shot in one single, continuous take. And there's good reason for it. The one-take format just elevated this whole movie with so much more tension and immersiveness. It's very well done from Sam Mendes. There are some scenes where it's easy to spot when they decided to stop the shot and transition into another, but over time it just became seamless.
The cinematography by Roger Deakins is also very on-point (as usual. As well as Thomas Newman's score. That was 1917's secret weapon. The score brings the movie from 100 to 1000. Everything is just elevated the moment Newman's score hits and it is beautiful.
Performance wise, the entire cast is superb. Especially George MacKay. His performance was just fantastic. I did appreciate that the film didn't focus on the characters with the big stars (Colin Firth, Benedict Cumberbatch, Richard Madden) playing them.
1917 is an epic, visceral, stunning depiction of WWI. Buckle up cause once it starts, it doesn't stop.

 

This list is not public The creator of this list has not enabled public viewing Explore these great titles to add to your list. I love this scene but the amount of autotune used on this guy's voice was incredibly distracting. Wouldn't have minded it sounding a bit more human. Movie was a masterpiece though. The Realm The Realm Manuel is a crooked politician who enjoys the lifestyle that kickbacks afford. He eats at fancy restaurants, parties with his friends on yachts, and provides a very luxurious lifestyle for… On the Basis of Sex On the Basis of Sex Young lawyer Ruth Bader Ginsburg teams with her husband Marty to bring a groundbreaking case before the U. S. Court of Appeals and overturn a century of gender discrimination. The Dead Dont Die The Dead Dont Die The peaceful town of Centerville finds itself battling a zombie horde as the dead start rising from their graves. Luce Luce A star athlete and top student, Luces idealized image is challenged by one of his teachers when his unsettling views on political violence come to light, putting a strain on… Toy Story 4 Toy Story 4 Woody has always been confident about his place in the world and that his priority is taking care of his kid, whether thats Andy or Bonnie. But when Bonnie adds… The Standoff at Sparrow Creek The Standoff at Sparrow Creek A former cop-turned-militia man investigates a shooting at a police funeral. After a mass shooting at a police funeral, reclusive ex-cop Gannon finds himself unwittingly forced out of retirement when….

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Scroll down and click to choose episode/server you want to watch. - We apologize to all users; due to technical issues, several links on the website are not working at the moments, and re - work at some hours late. We will fix the issue in 2 days; in the mean time, we ask for your understanding and you can find other backup links on the website to watch those. Thank you. - Our player supported Chromecast & Airplay. You can use it to streaming on your TV. - If you don't hear the sounds, please try another server or use Desktop browsers to watch. 1917 Trailer At the height of the First World War, two young British soldiers, Schofield and Blake are given a seemingly impossible mission. In a race against time, they must cross enemy territory and deliver a message that will stop a deadly attack on hundreds of soldiers—Blake's own brother among them. Genre: Drama, History, War Actor: Andrew Scott, Benedict Cumberbatch, Mark Strong, Richard Madden Director: Sam Mendes Country: UK, USA Duration: 119 min Quality: HD 720 Release: 2019 IMDb: 8. 6.

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The only thing that this dude does is run away the whole movie. shouldn't he be brought up on Cowardice charges. Kings man got me exited before i realized its kings man. 😫 i got exited because i was thinking they making a good historical action drama. instead its gonna be 💩 i really hope im wrong. Not only are we getting a new war movie, were getting one of the most interesting pieces of filmmaking ever. 1:21 onwards with the slow reveal of the ruins is like something out of a dream. This was a phenomenal movie, I'm glad I didn't watch this trailer before seeing it though, so many spoilers.

Plot: Watch 1917 Free Online. Two young British soldiers during the First World War are given an impossible mission: deliver a message deep in enemy territory that will stop 1, 600 men, and one of the soldiers' brothers, from walking straight into a deadly trap. Rating: 8. 6 /10 ( 8, 580 votes) Year: 2019 Genre: Drama, War Released: 10 Jan 2020 Runtime: 119 min Actors: Dean-Charles Chapman, George MacKay, Daniel Mays, Colin Firth Director: Sam Mendes Writer: Sam Mendes, Krysty Wilson-Cairns Keyword: Watch 1917 Free Online, Watch 1917 Online Free, Watch 1917 Full Movie Online, Watch 1917 123movies, Watch 1917 Putlocker, Stream 1917 Free Online 123movies, 1917 Free.

This movie was so hard to watch for me. I could feel his pain everytime he was laughing... December 30, 2019 Hollywood Movies, Released In 2019 1917 Film Details: Starring – Teresa Mahoney, Benedict Cumberbatch, Richard Madden Director – Sam Mendes Genre – Drama, War Movie Info – Country – UK, USA Language – English Views - 3, 579 views Ratings. 4. 00/5 - 1 Votes) Loading... Watch 1917 2019 Full Movie Online Free Schofield and Blake, two young British soldiers during the First World War, are given a seemingly impossible mission. With time against them, they must deliver a message, deep in enemy territory, that will stop their own men, and Blakes own brother, walking straight into a deadly trap. Check Also Sonic the Hedgehog (2020) Full Movie Watch Online Free Sonic the Hedgehog Film Details: Starring – Ben Schwartz, Tika Sumpter, James Marsden Director – ….

If video doesn't play refresh the web page or change the server below and wait for few seconds, if the video still not played then Report us! 1917 Watch "1917" full movie online now only on Fmovies. You can watch this movie in above video player. This movie is released in year 2019, Fmovies provided all type of latest Movies. Watch more Movies on Fmovies. The two liner of this movie is: At the height of the First World War, two young British soldiers, Schofield and Blake are given a seemingly impossible mission. In a race against time, they must cross enemy territory and deliver a message that will stop a deadly attack on hundreds of soldiers—Blakes own brother among them. Duration: 118 min Quality: HD Release: 2019 IMDb: 8. 6.

劇情跟搶救雷恩大兵好雷同. Stop Blaming History for Your All-White, All-Male Movie The irony here is palpable. That is literally what that journalist is doing, blaming history because it wasn't diverse enough. Sounds pretty racist but okay lady.

I actually saw Stuber. It's worth a watch. I actually laughed out loud a half dozen times.

 

 

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That black woman behind him to his left is stealing the show. Full hd just mercy chords. Just Mercy Theatrical release poster Directed by Destin Daniel Cretton Produced by Gil Netter Asher Goldstein Michael B. Jordan Screenplay by Destin Daniel Cretton Andrew Lanham Based on Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption (2014) by Bryan Stevenson Starring Jamie Foxx Rob Morgan Tim Blake Nelson Rafe Spall Brie Larson Music by Joel P. West Cinematography Brett Pawlak Edited by Nat Sanders Production company Endeavor Content One Community Participant Media Macro Media Gil Netter Productions Outlier Society Distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures Release date September 6, 2019 ( TIFF) December 25, 2019 (United States) Running time 136 minutes [1] Country United States Language English Box office 34. 8 million [2] 3] Just Mercy is a 2019 American legal drama film directed by Destin Daniel Cretton, and starring Michael B. Jordan, Jamie Foxx, Rob Morgan, Tim Blake Nelson, Rafe Spall, and Brie Larson. It tells the true story of Walter McMillian, who, with the help of young defense attorney Bryan Stevenson, appeals his murder conviction. The film is based on the memoir of the same name, written by Stevenson. [4] Just Mercy had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2019, and was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures on December 25, 2019. The film received positive reviews from critics, and Foxx received a nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role at the 26th Screen Actors Guild Awards. Plot [ edit] In 1989, idealistic young Harvard law graduate Bryan Stevenson travels to Alabama hoping to help fight for poor people who cannot afford proper legal representation. He meets with Eva Ansley and founds the Equal Justice Initiative, then travels to a prison to meet its death row inmates. He meets Walter "Johnny D. McMillian, an African-American man who was convicted of the 1986 murder of Ronda Morrison. Bryan looks over the evidence in the case and discovers it hinges entirely on the testimony of convicted felon Ralph Myers, who provided a highly self-contradictory testimony in exchange for a lighter sentence in his own pending trial. Bryan's first move is to ask prosecutor Tommy Chapman for aid, but Chapman dismisses him without even looking at his notes. Bryan next asks McMillian family friend Darnell Houston to testify that he was with a witness who corroborated Myers' testimony the day of the murder, which would cause the prosecution's case to fall apart. When Bryan submits Darnell's testimony, police arrest him for perjury. While Bryan is able to get the perjury charges dismissed, Darnell is intimidated into refusing to testify in court. Bryan then approaches Myers himself, who eventually admits that his testimony was coerced after police played to his fear of burning and threatened to have him executed by electric chair. Bryan appeals to the local court to grant Walter a retrial. and successfully convinces Myers to recant his testimony on the stand, but the judge nevertheless refuses to grant a retrial. Distraught, Bryan vents his frustrations about the case to Eva. He appears on 60 Minutes to rally public support in favor of Walter, then appeals to the Supreme Court of Alabama. The Supreme Court overturns the circuit court's decision, and grants Walter his retrial. Bryan then motions to have the charges dismissed entirely. He confronts Chapman at his home and tries to convince him to join him in his motion; Chapman angrily ejects him from his property. The day of the motion comes, and Bryan appeals to the judge. Chapman agrees to join him in his motion, the case is dismissed, and Walter is finally reunited with his family. An epilogue notes that Bryan and Eva continue to fight for justice to the present day. Walter remained friends with Bryan until his death in 2013. A follow-up investigation into Morrison's death confirmed Walter's innocence and posited that a white man was likely responsible; the case has never been solved. Cast [ edit] Michael B. Jordan as Bryan Stevenson Jamie Foxx as Walter McMillian Brie Larson as Eva Ansley Rob Morgan as Herbert Richardson Tim Blake Nelson as Ralph Myers Rafe Spall as Tommy Chapman O'Shea Jackson Jr. as Anthony Ray Hinton Lindsay Ayliffe as Judge Foster C. J. LeBlanc as John McMillan Ron Clinton Smith as Woodrow Ikner Dominic Bogart as Doug Ansley Hayes Mercure as Jeremy Karan Kendrick as Minnie McMillian Kirk Bovill as David Walker Terence Rosemore as Jimmy Darrell Britt-Gibson as Darnell Houston Production [ edit] Development on the film began in 2015, when Broad Green Productions hired Destin Daniel Cretton to direct, with Michael B. Jordan set to star. [5] In December 2017, Warner Bros. acquired the distribution rights for the film, after Broad Green Productions had entered bankruptcy. [6] In July 2018, Jamie Foxx was set to co-star, 7] and in August 2018, Brie Larson, O'Shea Jackson Jr. and Tim Blake Nelson also joined the cast, with filming starting in Montgomery, Alabama, by August 30. [8] 9] 10] 11] In October 2018, actors Dominic Bogart, Hayes Mercure and Karan Kendrick were added as well. [12] 13] Release [ edit] The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2019. [14] It received an awards qualifying limited release on December 25, 2019. [15] Originally set to expand to a wide release on January 17, 2020, 16] the film's expansion was moved up to January 10, 2020, when it opened in 2, 375 theaters. [17] 18] Reception [ edit] Box office [ edit] On its first day of limited release the film made 81, 072 from four theaters. [19] It went on to make 105, 000 in its opening weekend (a five-day total of 228, 072. 20] The film made 425, 862 over its 15 days of limited release. It then made 3. 7 million on its first day of wide release, including 800, 000 from Thursday-night previews. The film went on to make 10 million over the weekend, finishing fourth. [21] The film made 5. 8 million in its second weekend of wide release (and 7. 5 million over the four-day Martin Luther King Jr. Day holiday) finishing seventh. [22] Critical response [ edit] The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 84% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 243 reviews, with an average rating of 6. 99/10. The site's critics consensus reads. Just Mercy dramatizes a real-life injustice with solid performances, a steady directorial hand, and enough urgency to overcome a certain degree of earnest advocacy. 23] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 68 out of 100 based on 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews. 24] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare average grade of "A+ on an A+ to F scale, and PostTrak reported it received an average 4. 5 out of 5 stars, with 73% of people saying they would definitely recommend it. [21] Accolades [ edit] See also [ edit] List of black films of the 2010s References [ edit] "Just Mercy. Toronto International Film Festival. Retrieved July 23, 2019. ^ Just Mercy (2019. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved February 2, 2020. ^ Just Mercy (2019. The Numbers. Retrieved February 2, 2020. ^ Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson, Bestselling Book and Adapted Film. Retrieved November 22, 2019. ^ McNary, Dave; McNary, Dave (September 8, 2015. Walk in the Woods' Boosts Broad Green Pictures. Variety. Retrieved July 23, 2019. ^ Kit, Borys (November 30, 2017. Warner Bros. Picks Up Michael B. Jordan Legal Drama 'Just Mercy. The Hollywood Reporter. ^ Kit, Borys (July 13, 2018. Jamie Foxx in Talks to Join Michael B. Jordan in Legal Drama 'Just Mercy. The Hollywood Reporter. ^ Galuppo, Mia (August 8, 2018. Brie Larson Joins Michael B. Jordan in 'Just Mercy. The Hollywood Reporter. ^ Galuppo, Mia (August 17, 2018. O'Shea Jackson Jr. Joins Michael B. Jordan in 'Just Mercy' Exclusive. The Hollywood Reporter. ^ Kroll, Justin; Kroll, Justin (August 27, 2018. Michael B. Jordan's 'Just Mercy' Adds Tim Blake Nelson (EXCLUSIVE. Variety... Just Mercy" Movie Films in Montgomery. Equal Justice Initiative. August 30, 2018. ^ N'Duka, Amanda; N'Duka, Amanda (October 1, 2018. SNL's Beck Bennett, D'Arcy Carden Star In 'Greener Grass. Just Mercy' Adds Dominic Bogart & Hayes Mercure. Deadline Hollywood. ^ N'Duka, Amanda (October 2, 2018. Karan Kendrick Cast In 'Just Mercy. Doctor Sleep' Adds Jocelin Donahue. Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 2, 2018. ^ Lang, Brent (July 23, 2019. Toronto Film Festival: Joker. Ford v Ferrari. Hustlers' Among Big Premieres. Retrieved July 23, 2019. ^ McClintock, Pamela (July 16, 2019. Michael B. Jordan's 'Just Mercy' Lands Year-End Awards Release; Sesame Street' Officially Pushed" The Hollywood Reporter. ^ N'Duka, Amanda; N'Duka, Amanda (April 20, 2018. Warner Bros Dates Melissa McCarthy Comedy 'Superintelligence. Michael B. Jordan's 'Just Mercy. Retrieved July 23, 2019. ^ Just Mercy" Box Office Mojo. ^ McClintock, Pamela (December 25, 2019. Box Office: Star Wars: Rise of Skywalker' Unwraps Huge 32M on Christmas Day. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 26, 2019. ^ Ramos, Dino-Ray (December 29, 2019. 1917. Just Mercy' And 'Clemency' Open Strong In Limited Debuts Over Busy Holiday Weekend – Specialty Box Office. Retrieved December 29, 2019. ^ a b D'Alessandro, Anthony (January 12, 2020. 1917' Strong With 36M+ But 'Like A Boss. Just Mercy' Fighting Over 4th With 10M; Why Kristen Stewart's 'Underwater' Went Kerplunk With 6M. Retrieved January 12, 2020. ^ Anthony D'Alessandro (January 19, 2020. Bad Boys For Life' So Great With 100M+ Worldwide; Dolittle' Still A Dud With 57M+ Global – Box Office Update. Retrieved January 20, 2020. ^ Just Mercy (2019. Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved January 14, 2020. ^ Just Mercy Reviews. Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved January 14, 2020. ^ Gardner, Chris (November 26, 2019. The Two Popes' Leads Nominees for AARP the Magazine's Movies for Grownups Awards. Retrieved November 26, 2019. ^ Goldberg, Matt (December 2, 2019. Parasite' Wins Big with the Atlanta Film Critics Circle. Collider. Retrieved December 2, 2019. External links [ edit] Official website Just Mercy on IMDb.

Just Mercy Filmi izle, Just Mercy Filmi Full HD Tek Parça izle Just Mercy izle Gerçek bir hikayeye sahip olan “Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption” kitabından uyarlanan filmde, genç avukat Bryan Stevenson, adaletin yerini bulması için büyük bir mücadeleye girişir. Harvard'dan mezun olduktan sonra Bryan'ın para kazandıran işlerde yer alması beklenir. Just Mercy Movie Ancak o, Alabama'da haksız yere mahkum edilen bir adamın peşinden gider. Just Mercy Yerel avukat Eva Ansley'in de yardımıyla, 1987 yılında ölüme mahkum edilen bir adamın suçsuzluğunu kanıtlamaya çalışacaklardır. Walter McMillan, 18 yaşındaki genç bir kızın ölümünden sorumlu tutuluyordur. Ancak onun sorumlu tutulması için hiçbir kanıt bulunmamasına arağmen McMillan ölüme mahkum edilmiştir. Bryan, Walter'ın suçsuzluğunu kanıtlamaya çalışırken, ilerleyen zamanlarda aslında ırkçılığa karşı savaş vermeye başladığını anlayacaktır. Just Mercy izle, Just Mercy filmi full hd izle, Just Mercy movie, Just Mercy filmi Tek parça izle, Just Mercy Filmi Oyuncuları, Just Mercy Filmi Yönetmeni, Just Mercy Filmi Konusu.

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